The Historical Development of New Criticism

Richards believes that poetic language is a special emotional language, which does not reflect the objective truth (science and poetry, 1925) and that poetic words have complex meanings due to the influence of context (practical criticism, 1929), which urges the new criticism to emphasize the richness and complexity of lexical analysis and poetic meaning.

In 1930s and 1940s, New Criticism developed the theory of poetic language and the analysis of specific works. Empson's masterpiece Seven Hazes (1930) holds that the vaguer the meaning of a word, the richer it is and the higher the value of the poem. In New Criticism, Lanson thinks that the language of poetry has the characteristics of conflict between "skeleton" (meaning the logic of theme or poetry) and "texture" (meaning the artistic treatment from words to punctuation). In "Simulation-A Structural Principle" (195 1), Brooks called the revision of a statement by poetic context "simulation", saying that it is the main principle of any poetic structure. In On the Tension of Poetry (1938), Tate defined the meaning of poetry as the tension formed by the connotation (figurative meaning) and extension (logical meaning) of words. Only when the tension finally reaches balance or harmony can this poem be considered successful.