Contrast: Different characters, different life phenomena and different thoughts and feelings can be distinguished more clearly.
Exaggeration: it is to enlarge what is to be described to attract readers' attention and association.
Metonymy: on the one hand, it is concrete, on the other hand, it is abstract, which makes the image of poetry more vivid and prominent.
Expressing ambition by things: expressing the author's feelings or revealing the main idea of a work by objectively describing the characteristics of a certain aspect of things.
Irony from the past: a common expression in poetry, using historical events to satirize the current dynasty.
Combination of reality and fiction: combining abstract narrative with concrete description, or combining the description of current real life with memory and imagination.