Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
This poem was written in March of the second year of Zhide (757). Du Fu was still trapped in Chang 'an, which was occupied by An Shi Rebellion. The poet saw that the mountains and rivers were still there, and the country was ruined, but the land was desolate in spring, and he couldn't help but feel deeply moved and sad. The first two sentences focus on the overall situation and are tragic; The second sentence starts from a small place, watching flowers and tears, and listening to birds. Shen Deqian noticed that the writing of these two poems is in sharp contrast, that is, "All are happy and all are sad" (Different Poems of Tang Dynasty). Five or six sentences are concerned about the country and the family, and seven or eight sentences are deep sorrow. The whole poem is full of scenes, and the feelings of worrying about the country and homesickness are touching, especially those five or six sentences, which have become widely read because they tell a common spiritual phenomenon in human life. Sima Guang once advocated writing poems "between the lines, which makes people think and get it". He said that "modern poets are all the best poets of beauty" and took this poem as an example (see Wen Gong's continued poem). There is also a cloud in the classification of Tang poetry: "The poem of Zi Mei is thoughtful and sentimental, and its meaning is beyond words."
Selected from A Detailed Interpretation of Du Fu's Poems (Zhonghua Book Company, 1979 edition), which was written by Du Fu in Chang 'an during the Anshi Rebellion. "An" means An Lushan; "History" is Shi Siming. In August of the first year of Germany (756), Du Fu went from Fuzhou to Lingwu (now Ningxia) and defected to Suzong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and later trapped in Chang 'an. This poem was written in March of the following year. The whole article is concerned about the country, hurting the time, homesickness and self-pity, which shows the poet's broad mind of worrying about the country and the people. This is the internal reason why this poem is gloomy, tragic and moving through the ages.
Country: The national capital, namely Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). City: refers to Chang 'an City, which was occupied by rebels at that time. Broken: broken. Deep: lush; Dense. Sense of time: sentimental about current events. Hate parting: sad and hate parting. Where the petals flow like tears, the lonely birds sing their grief: two intertextual sentences, meaning crying to the flowers, listening to the birds pounding because they feel sorry for each other. Lighthouse: This refers to war. March in a row: It means that a spring has passed since last year's war. Lian: continuous. Reach ten thousand gold: a letter from home can be worth ten thousand gold, which is extremely rare. Arrival: value. I stroke my white hair. It grows too thin: its white hair is getting less and less. Whitehead: white hair. Grab: grab with your fingers. Short: less. Can't hold the hairpin anymore: it's almost impossible to insert the hairpin. Xiongnu: Very simple. Desire: to be; I will. No: no way. Victory: I can bear it. Hairpin: a kind of needle-shaped jewelry used to hold hair. In ancient times, men tied their hair, so they used hair clips.
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An Lushan rose up against the Tang Dynasty. Because Yang, the younger brother of Yang Guifei, the favorite concubine of Tang Xuanzong, misled Tang Xuanzong and sent Ge Shuhan, who was guarding Tongguan, to attack the rebel stronghold outside the customs, and Ge Shuhan was captured halfway. An Lushan lost his arch-enemy, and captured Chang 'an in one fell swoop. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty led his concubines and ministers to flee to Lingwu. Xuanzong abdicated, and Prince Hengli proclaimed himself emperor in Lingwu. From Tang Suzong to August of the first year (756), Du Fu went from Yanzhou to Lingwu and defected to Tang Suzong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and later trapped in Chang 'an. This poem was written in March of the following year. This is a five-character poem, written in 757, the second year that Tang Suzong went to Germany. At that time, Chang 'an was burned and looted by Anshi rebels, and it was desolate everywhere. Du Fu saw that the mountains and rivers were still broken and ruined, but the land was desolate in spring. At this time of homesickness in adversity, he couldn't help feeling deep sorrow and emotion. The poet showed patriotism in this poem.
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[rhyme translation] The old country has fallen, leaving only mountains and rivers. Spring is lonely, and the deserted city is overgrown with vegetation. In a sentimental situation, it's hard not to cry when you see flowers. Sad parting, birds often heart-pounding. Worried about watching the bonfire, as early as March. A letter is worth a million dollars, but there is little news from home. When you are sad, your white hair will get shorter and shorter. Hair is sparse, and it is almost impossible to insert hairpins. The capital has been broken, leaving only mountains and rivers, and the capital is bleak in spring, with deep vegetation everywhere. Flowers cry because of current events, and birds cry because of dismay. The war lasted for a long time, and it was difficult to receive letters from home. The more you scratch your white hair, the more you can't comb it or put it in a bun.
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The whole article revolves around the word "Wang", and the first four sentences are lyrical by taking advantage of the scenery. The poet set off the ruin of the country by describing Chang 'an, which is lush and sparsely populated. The first song "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers will last forever" is shocking and has a sense of historical vicissitudes. Wrote the sad scene of the country destroying the city. The phrase "Where the petals have fallen like tears, and the lonely bird has sang mourning" personifies the flowers and birds, feeling that the country is divided and the national affairs are difficult, and the flowers and birds in Chang 'an are all shocked by tears. Write about spring with flowers and birds, hurt things, and express the sadness of national subjugation and parting with personification. The poet's cross-conversion of feelings and scenery implicitly conveys the poet's sigh, anxiety and anger from climbing to farsightedness, from far and near, from weak to strong. The country is in turmoil, the war has been going on for years, the people are in poverty, and Le Shu is impassable. At this time, it is particularly valuable to receive a letter from home. The poet reflects from the side the great pain brought by the war to the people, and the urgent mood of people wanting to know whether their loved ones are safe during the turbulent period. At the same time, it also shows the poet's deep concern for the country through hard-won letters from home. In the last two sentences, the poet's increasingly sparse white hair can't even be inserted into the hair clasp, and the poet's anxiety and indignation are deeply and widely expressed by action. The whole poem is mixed with scenes, but it is implicit and concise, which fully embodies the artistic style of the poet's "depression and frustration". The whole poem expresses the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people, hurting the times, feeling sorry for himself and missing his loved ones. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural, which embodies the poet's feelings of loving the motherland and caring for his family. Modern people such as Xu Yingpei and Zhou Rongquan commented on this poem: "The meaning is not straight, the scenery is not smooth, the feelings are strong but not floating, the things are rich but not miscellaneous, and the meter is rigorous but not rigid." This theory is quite appropriate. "A letter from home is worth a thousand pounds of gold" is also a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages. From Tang Suzong to Deyuanzai (756), in June, An Shi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, Tang Dou. In July, Du Fu heard the news of Tang Suzong's accession to the throne in Lingwu, and made his home in Qiang Village, Zhangzhou, and went to Su Zong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and taken to Chang 'an. He was not imprisoned because of his humble position. Hope in Spring was written in March of the following year. The poet witnessed Chang 'an's flute falling and homesickness in adversity, and he couldn't help feeling deeply. One, two, four sentences in the poem, writing about the defeat of Spring City, are full of sighs; Three, four, two and four sentences are full of feelings about their loved ones. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural. "Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." At the beginning, I wrote what I saw in spring: the capital fell and the city was broken. Although the mountains and rivers are still there, there are grass everywhere and the trees are gray. A word "broken" makes people stunned, and another word "deep" makes people sad. Sima Guang said: "The mountains and rivers are all there, and there is nothing in the Ming Dynasty." : the vegetation is deep and no one is there. "("Wen Gong Xu Shi ") The poet here clearly wrote about scenery, but in fact he expressed his feelings. He entrusted his feelings to things and scenery, creating an atmosphere for the whole poem. This couplet is ingenious, mature, natural and poetic. "The destruction of the country" is opposite to "the spring of the city". The ruins of "National Destruction and Death" are in sharp contrast with the wealthy businessmen in "Spring in the City". "The country is broken" followed by "there are mountains and rivers", which means the opposite and is unexpected; "Spring in the City" was originally a beautiful scenery, but the suffix "deeply planted" is ridiculous and contradictory, one after another. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng spoke highly of this couplet, saying that "duality is not implicit, but it changes vertically and horizontally, making it more stereotyped, more implicit and deeper, and taking justice from nature." ("Tang Yin Gui Qian", Volume 9) "Petals have flowed like tears, and solitary birds have sang their grief. "The general explanation of these two sentences is that the sad scene of parting in troubled times is shocking. The author touched the scene, empathized with it, and saw the richness of good poetry. Using intertextuality, it can be translated as "when I feel it, I hate tears, but I feel that lonely birds sing their grief." The first four sentences of the poem are all in the word "Wang". The poet looks from near to far, from far to near, and his vision ranges from mountains and rivers to cities, and then from cities to flowers and birds. Feelings are from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, step by step. In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from longing for the scenery to overlooking and thinking about the scenery, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones. " After three months of war, a piece of news from home is worth a ton of gold. "Since the Anshi Rebellion," the war was fierce and the countryside was broken ",and until now, the war has continued in late March and spring. How I look forward to hearing from my relatives at home. At this moment, a letter from home is really better than Tiger Balm! " A letter from home is worth a ton of gold "wrote the long-awaited urgency of news isolation." This is all the thoughts in everyone's mind, which naturally makes people * * * sound, thus becoming a famous sentence that has been told through the ages. "I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "There are bonfires everywhere, and my family doesn't trust me. I miss the tragic image in the distance, and I look at the scene of decline in front of me. I don't feel bored and hesitant, and I feel that my hair is sparse and short. " "White hair" is caused by anxiety, "scratching" is an action to relieve anxiety, and "shortening" indicates the degree of anxiety. In this way, in addition to the grief of national demise and death, sighing and aging will add another layer of sadness. This poem reflects the poet's good feelings of patriotism and love for his family. The meaning is full but not straight, the scenery is full but not free, the emotion is strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not miscellaneous, the meter is rigorous but not rigid, and it is written by the five methods of ascending and descending, so it has been circulated for more than 1,200 years. The antithesis in the poem "Hope in Spring" is: petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sadness. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. The poet is only 45 years old this year, but "hoary head" is realistic-half a year later, he mentioned again in the Northern Expedition: "I fell into the dust and returned to China." "Whitehead" is sparse to the point of "invincible", and its old state can be imagined. He is getting old so fast, which is entirely caused by worrying about the country and the people, hurting time and homesickness. Du Fu was trapped in a thief for eight months and wrote about twenty poems, which were profound and implicit. At the most important time of this poem, every sentence has a meaning and is worth tasting.
Edit the central idea of this paragraph.
The central idea of this poem is that this poem expresses the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and homesickness by describing the desolate scene of Chang 'an during the An-Shi Rebellion, and reflects the poet's desire for peace and happiness.