Xi (now a native of Zuoxian County, Henan Province) was the daughter of Cai Yong, a famous scholar at the end of Han Dynasty. Knowledgeable, eloquent, and better than temperament. Chaos caused by war
The southern Xiongnu left it, became a concubine, and gave birth to two sons. Twelve years later, he was redeemed for Cao Cao. She put this
The Biography of the Wife of Dong Si in the History of the Later Han Dynasty wrote an experience with a sorrowful poem of five words and one style. Hu Jia
The content of eighteen beats is basically the same as that of two sad poems. There is controversy about the authenticity of this poem.
For details, please refer to Hu Jia's Eighteen Beats Discussion Collection published by Zhonghua Book Company. Judging from the system of human poetry, it is different from the Eastern Han Dynasty.
There is a considerable distance between the works in recent years, and there is a certain contradiction between the content of poetry and Cai Yan's life, which is called Cai Yan's "Ke".
High energy. Here, despite the past, Cai Yan is still in power. Eighteen beats of Hu Jia is a lyric poem of ancient Yuefu Qin music. Hu Jia is
A wind instrument popular in Saibei and the Western Regions in Han Dynasty, its sound is sad, and its descendants are shaped as three-hole woodwinds. Why? "
What about Hu Jia and Qin Qu? Shang Liu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, said in the preface to Hu Jia's songs: "Hu people yearn for the moon, but.
Curled reed leaves to make a sad sound, and then Dong Sheng wrote eighteen beats of hoarse voice on the piano. "The last beat of this poem also said:
"Hu Jia was born out of Hu, and Qin was in tune." It is known that it was originally a song, and later it was turned into a piano music by Dong Sheng.
Eighteen beats, the music is eighteen movements and the lyrics are eighteen paragraphs. The first scene, the so-called "I will be embarrassed for a while."
Hu Jia played a passage, and an ensemble sounded, which happened to be a movement of the piano. This poem
The format of ""has the characteristics of Sao style (with the word "Xi" in the sentence) and white style (with seven sentences, each of which rhymes).
But it is not pure, or it can be called quasi-Sao style and quasi-Bailiang style. The whole structure can be divided into beginning, midriff and knot.
The last three parts. The first beat is the beginning, always talking about the turmoil of the times and the humiliation suffered by individuals; The belly rises from the captured west.
The second beat ended with the seventeenth beat, which lasted for twelve years and was divided into two periods: homesickness and homesickness.
The last shot is the end, echoing the beginning of the article and bearing resentment. Appreciate this poem and don't read it as ordinary written literature.
Reading, we should think that Cai Yan, an unfortunate woman, is playing the piano and singing, and the sound of the piano flows away with her image. follow
Listening to the piano and singing, we seem to see that she is walking on a long road paved by humiliation and pain for twelve years. ...
She began to appear in the background of the great turmoil of the times. The first beat points out the background of "chaos": Land Rover is powerful,
Flames are everywhere and people are in exile (see three sentences, such as "going out to find a dangerous way"). There was chaos in the world at the end of the Han dynasty, and eunuchs,
The consorts and warlords successively controlled the state affairs, and peasant uprisings, warlord scuffles and foreign invasions broke out one after another. Poetry in late Han dynasty
It is written in "A raw louse, whose surname is all dead. Bones exposed in the wild, thousands of miles without crying "(Hao described by Cao Cao)
), "Go out and see, bones cover the plain" (RoyceWong's "Seven Wounded Poems"), etc., were all turbulent realities at that time.
A true portrayal of. Cai Yan, the heroine of the poem, was captured by Hu Qi in the war and brought to the west. Captured,
It is the beginning and the root of her painful career, so the poem devoted a beat (the second beat) to her.
The situation on the way to exile, and in the tenth beat, "it is difficult to separate all my life" indicates the misfortune of my life ("difficult"
) originated from exile (the so-called "separation").
During the twelve years when she was forced to stay in the southern Xiongnu, she suffered great pain in life and spirit. Alakazam's nature is harsh: "Hu Fenghao" (the third beat), "first frost" (the sixth beat), "Yuan Ye Depression" (the seventh beat) and running water whimpering (the sixth beat "I heard the long water whimpering at night"). The unusual life doesn't agree with her: clothes made of fur are scary to wear (the third shot, Felt fur is a shocking dress); Eating meat and milk smells bad and I can't swallow it (the third shot is "JJ is a taste that suppresses my feelings" and the sixth shot is "I can't eat meat and cheese when I'm hungry"); Living without a fixed place, moving out of the grass and living in a shack made of temporary grass notes and dried cattle and sheep manure (the sixth shoot, "The vegetation is exhausted, sheep and horses are all disciples");
Excited, drumming, singing and dancing, big ears, staying up all night (the third beat, "drums ring from night."
Daming "). In a word, she can't adapt to the harsh natural environment and can't stand Hu, who is different from Han people.
People's living habits, so she sang the pain of "extraordinary common heart and different physical difficulties, who can talk with different desires"
The voice. And the most unbearable thing for her is the spirit.
Mentally, she suffered double humiliation: as a Han nationality, she became a prisoner of the Hu people; As a woman,
Forced to marry the conference semifinals. The first beat, the so-called "kindness and righteousness loss", should be this double humiliation.
As far as ... In the case of physical and mental suffering, missing the old country and thinking about going home has become her strong support.
The most important spiritual strength to be strong and alive. The main content of the second shot and the eleventh shot is to write about her homesickness.
A symbol of love. The fourth beat of "I don't think about my hometown day and night" and the tenth beat of "My hometown is separated from dust and has no tools".
"I will swallow my voice" and "I still hope to go back to Mulberry on the eleventh beat" are both touching words that directly express homesickness.
The fifth beat is the most touching one, which is about homesickness. In this shot, the poet begins with her persistent love.
Carve out a distant and profound poetic picture: in spring, she looks forward to the blue sky and the geese flying south to bring her heart to the border.
Sound; In autumn, she looks up at the clouds and the sky, hoping that the geese returning from the north can bring news of their homeland. But geese fly high.
It was hard to find her, and she couldn't help but feel sad. In the eleventh shoot, she also revealed that she was humiliated and stolen.
The inner secret of life: "I am not greedy for life and hate death." I can't donate my body and a heart. " If you still want to return to mulberry, you should die.
Buried bones for too long. "It turned out that she couldn't donate her body because of the expectation of her returning to China. Finally,
After a long twelve years, her long-cherished wish to return to her hometown came true: "Suddenly I met an envoy of the Han Dynasty, called for the imperial edict, and asked her daughter to redeem her concubine.
(The twelfth beat) This is what Cai Yanchuan said in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty:' Cao Caosu and Yongshan were so bitter that they were childless that they sent them away.
The messenger redeemed it with a golden dagger. "But this happiness is fleeting. While enjoying my heart, I have a new one.
Melancholy: The day she thought she survived was also the time to say goodbye to her two biological sons. "Hi" in the twelfth beat
If you live, you will meet the holy king, and there is no reason to leave the child. Nine times out of ten, it is difficult to be sad and happy, and it is difficult to live in two emotions. "
It is the frankness of this ambivalence. This beat is a connecting link between the preceding and the following, and it is a turning point in writing. From the twelfth beat
From then on, he turned to describe that he could not bear to be separated from his son, and his words choked and he was deeply saddened. The thirteenth beat writes another word, the tenth.
Four beats to write a dream are all wonderful paragraphs. For example, in the thirteenth beat, "Hug Hu and cry and get wet. …
... step by step, I can't move, my soul is gone, and my love is left. "Fourteenth beat," I've seen you for life,
Late at night, I dreamed that you would come to Sri Lanka. Holding hands in a dream, one is happy and one is sad, and it hurts after sleeping. "It's all written."
Touching, touching. Song Wenren praised the thirteenth beat of the first volume of Night Talk on the Bed and said, "This will be another farewell. I have experienced its hardships, expressed my heart, resented anger, and mourned, as new as a thousand years; Even with a holy pen, I can't bear to delete it. " The heroine's pain of parting in the poem has been accompanied by her leaving Alakazam and rejoining Chang 'an (the 17th beat "I'm sorry.
I was so heavy that I entered Chang 'an, sighed and my tears dried up. "). The humiliating life is over, and a new misfortune-missing relatives.
The child's pain has just begun. "Hu is different, and the quilt of heaven and earth is separated from Mu Dong. Bitterness and resentment
The vast sky, Liuhe, though wide, is intolerable. "This is where the whole poem ends and stops playing.
Completed the shaping of Cai Yan's tragic artistic image.
The lyric hero's experience is unique, just as the poem repeatedly wrote, "I am the most bitter when my life is full."
"Only I am unlucky, I am not arrogant or impetuous" (see all four beats). But through his special experience, he showed his homesickness.
The affection with parents and children is also full of the labor nature of the times, which embodies the fine tradition of national spirit. On "War Day"
In the era of great turmoil (the first shot), homesickness and affection came back.
The broad masses of people who have left their homes and abandoned their wives and children have feelings for foot soldiers. In terms of historical inheritance, as a
Weak woman, in a foreign country, was accepted as a concubine, and gave birth to two sons, sharing weal and woe (the eleventh shot of "Ren Hu spoils me"
Have two sons "), determined to return home, which is the same as when Su Wu was exiled to Beihai by Xiongnu in the Western Han Dynasty 19.
The behavior of not changing national integrity for many years has different performances, but the heart is the same. RoyceWong's Ode to the Building said: "Zhong Yi is quiet.
Chu plays, and Zhuang's voice is getting louder and louder. Human feelings, like cherishing the land, cannot be poor and disloyal. "This situation is different.
And a more comprehensive summary of the persistent feelings of "cherishing the soil". Cai Yan in the poem is not only attached to her.
That hot land, full of national feelings, left Hu Di's attachment to erhu, which was painful to the bone marrow.
After the meat, it seems that she is a woman with rich traditional virtues of loving her mother.
But the touching part of this artistic image lies not only in its beautiful moral character and rich feelings, but also in its suffering.
Unfortunately, it is also the tragic fate of the characters. After being plundered, she lived in Alakazam, and her heart was connected with her motherland.
To the torture of physical and mental contradictions; When her long-cherished wish to return to China came true, the pain of losing new flesh and blood followed.
Heel. "Returning home" and "mother-child reunion" are both beautiful and should be enjoyed by everyone, not her.
You can do both. People always sympathize with the weak and the unfortunate, not to mention a weak woman, but also suffer from repeated misfortunes.
And a weak woman with good moral character and rich feelings can't help but make people cry sympathetically.
The greatest feature of this poem in shaping the artistic image of the lyric hero is its strong subjective lyric color. This one
Characteristics, first of all, are reflected in the handling of the relationship between lyric and narrative. The poet completely abandoned the pure objective narration, and when describing,
Always full of feelings. There are many passages in the poem, such as the second beat of Exile to the West, which gave birth to two children in Alakazam.
The eleventh beat of Zi, the thirteenth beat of Bill's return to China and the seventeenth beat of his return to Chang 'an are all affectionate sighs.
It's also about being exiled to the west. In the five-character "Poems of Sorrow and Anger", it is written that "there is no remnant, and the corpses support each other." Mabianxuan
Men are the masters, women are the masters, and they are famous for their meticulous narration and realistic details. On the second beat of Hu Jia's 18th beat,
In the middle, he said: "Yunshan is heavy and heavy, and the wind is thousands of miles away. Many people are very violent and fierce. Like snakes, the strings are controlled.
Jia is arrogant and extravagant, showing the poet's distinct feelings of loving monks everywhere-the sentence "Yunshan" is connected with the thought of "illness" in his native land
The sentence "Wind" is related to the hardship of the road, the metaphor of "snake back" in the sentence "Too many people" and the evaluation of "arrogance" in the sentence "Controlling the strings".
This is a natural expression of true feelings. There are not many paragraphs in the poem, and more often it is the passing of lyricism.
Bring out, that is to say, only for lyrical, narrative. For example, to express "learn from a painful experience" and "sadness"
The feeling of "animal aversion" is written into "The Customs of Alakazam" (the third beat) to illustrate the difficulty in adapting to Alakazam.
Write about the daily life of Hu people (672 beats) and so on. Strong subjectivity and lyricism
Searching, more importantly, is reflected in the sudden expression of feelings. The feelings of poetry often come suddenly and suddenly.
However, it's incredible to jump and change. Sometimes when you think of a pen, you don't shy away from the important, such as asking God, which comes back and forth.
Four times, at the first, eighth, ninth and sixteenth beats respectively; Sometimes it comes and goes without a trace-like the first time.
Four beats (Day and Night) is to express one's grievances generously from the perspective of personal experience, and the fifth beat (Wild Goose South)
Zheng) suddenly turned out to express the artistic conception of goose cold; The tenth beat writes about the atmosphere of war, and the sixth beat writes about basic necessities of life.
In order to express homesickness, seven beats and two beats should be connected, but there are eight beats and nine beats that complain about others. "Are you?
The so-called "thinking without positioning" is nothing more than building near the sea and rebuilding Yaochi. "(Xie Zhen's" Four Poetic Styles "Volume 4) This feeling.
The irrationality of expression itself is an important symbol of strong subjective feelings. Strong subjective lyric color
The characteristics of color have also left a distinct mark on lyricism and language use. Poets often use the word "I"
Head, words do not evade; I also like to exaggerate and do my best. This poem begins with two words "I"
Potential, behind the "heartless, heartless, make me meet this time" refers to the day, and it is "day".
What kind of courage and courage is the variation of "the earth is ruthless and everything is a grass dog" ("Lao Zi")! On the eighth beat
"Why don't you see me drifting alone? God, what happened? I live up to God.
With me? I don't live up to God's fear of God, and the more I waste my country, the repeated problem is to put "heaven" and "God"
Be put on trial as a defendant. The article is full of exaggerated statements and words, such as "there is no day and night"
I don't think about my hometown, but I am the most bitter. Natural disasters, chaos, no owner, and I was unlucky not to be captured. "
(the fourth beat) "The sky is boundless and my heart is sad" (the ninth beat) "Everything is there."
Ups and downs, only I am sad and temporary "(the fourteenth beat)" I am bitter and bitter, and Liuhe is widely collected. "
Should not be allowed "(the eighteenth beat), and so on. The confluence of the above forms a strong subjective lyric color of the whole poem.
The overall characteristics make the image of the lyric hero stand out.
The successful shaping of the artistic image of the lyric hero also benefits from the in-depth and delicate psychological description. The heroine is at
In the case of "dying well and losing righteousness", why not die in the whole solar term? The eleventh beat revealed the secret.
(See the fourth sentence of "I am not greedy for life and hate death" quoted above), so it can be seen that she dragged out an ignoble existence out of deep local thinking.
Survived. Because of this explanation, it reveals the ideological and emotional basis of characters' activities, which not only eliminates
The misunderstanding that this kind of character image may cause makes her amiable and respectable. Say goodbye to the thirteenth beat.
Pain, the fourteenth beat five, the pain of thinking, although the specific writing is not the same-the thirteenth beat uses imagination and transmission.
Moving to show people, the fourteenth beat is attached to dreams, but it shows the psychological changes of the characters in a specific environment.
In fact, they are all vivid and lifelike. The most striking psychological description in the poem is farewell to China.
A description of the emotional entanglement between children who are happy and sad. The poet deeply realized that "it is difficult to live in two kinds of feelings", so he was not afraid.
It's annoying and repetitive, such as "I'm glad to be alive, I'm glad to meet a saint, and I want to say goodbye to my children" (the twelfth beat). "
I hope I can come back, I hope I can be happy again. My heart is full of sorrow and sorrow, and the sun and the moon are selfless and never look forward to it.
It is difficult to separate mother and child "(the fifteenth beat)" I don't want my son to return to my hometown today, and old grievances are good and new grievances are long "(the tenth
Six beats). Through constant repetition, it plays an important role in emphasizing and deepening the performance of ambivalence, thus
It also highlights the plight and pain of the characters.
Lu Shiyong, an Amin, said in his poem "A Summary of Poetry Mirrors": "The wind in Tokyo has declined, and Ying Ying, Cai Wenji, is also talented. Read Hu
Singing songs (by pressing, it refers to 18 beats of Hu Jia) can make people sit and shake, and sand flies, always in the arms of the murderer.
. "The so-called" fierce crowd "is to arouse a strong * * * sound in readers' hearts and make them feel sad. why
Will Hu Jia's eighteen beats have such great artistic power? To sum up, in a word: yes.
Because of its unique artistic expression, this poem has successfully shaped the tragic lyric hero Cai Yan.
Artistic image.