The earliest poetry was sung orally, and the musical factors in poetry have more positive significance than other literary genres. Musicality is an important feature of ancient poetry. The beauty of music, also known as the beauty of rhythm and rhyme, is manifested in the auditory aesthetic feeling formed by the regular repetition of phonetic features such as rhyme, flat tone, sentence number, word number, pause rhythm, disyllabic, overlapping rhyme and words.
Zhou summed up the benefits of reading aloud in On Reading aloud. He said: "the priority of reading is consistent with the ups and downs of the situation in the text, which is enough to help you understand the article and understand the author's mood when writing;" Knowing the relationship between syllables and emotions, I will take appropriate sound rhythm to express my feelings in my chest when writing. " In the Qing Dynasty, Cheng said: "The ancients used poetry and chanted. Singing is something that everyone can learn, but not everyone can learn songs. " Huang, a close friend, thinks: "When you recite the meaning of a word, you have the syllables to read it ..." Zhu Guangqian said: "Songs emphasize the rhythm of music and recite the rhythm of language." Based on my understanding of various schools, I think reading aloud is reading aloud rhythmically and repeatedly until I am proficient enough to blurt it out and naturally become a chant. Fang said: "Reading aloud is a good way to accumulate and effectively improve Chinese ability in the excellent tradition of Chinese education in China, and should be properly advocated. Reading aloud is repeated reading and natural chanting, especially suitable for excellent poems and other works with rich sounds and feelings. Reading aloud is more helpful to understand the rich connotation and emotion from the rhythm and charm of the work than simply reading aloud, and it is not as performative as reading aloud. This method helps to accumulate materials, cultivate a sense of language, experience fun and emotional input, and achieve the purpose of influencing and influencing Chinese. "
Second, the function of reading is to experience the beauty of poetry's language and rhythm in the process of repeated reading, and to be influenced by emotion.
In the early 1930s, Xia Gaizun and other experts said, "Reading is very important. In the past, most people didn't learn grammar, didn't pay attention to explanation and only spent a lot of time reading. They read day and night, and after reading, the words will naturally be fluent and the meaning will naturally be understood. ...... "Recently, although students are" reading "or" learning "at school, they seldom read books, and the general students only do" watching ". I think Chinese should not only use eyes and heart, but also use mouth and ears. Reading is a learning method that combines heart, eyes, mouth and ears.
Xiao Difei said: "Rhyme is a kind of musical poem. When a poet finishes writing a verse, he often sings it with his mouth instead of a pen. The appreciation of a metrical poem, especially the seven rhythms like Eight Poems in Autumn, needs more reciting. This is not simply to appreciate the loudness of the syllables of the poem, but to better feel the author's gloomy mood through the cadence of the syllables. In the past, the comments on eight poems about autumn prosperity were called' muddy satire, and you should enjoy it'. Although this is aimed at the characteristics of regular poetry, it cannot be regarded as the same characteristics of reading ancient poetry. This method seems clumsy, but in fact it is clever. It can make the image, artistic conception, style and rhythm in classical works engraved in your mind, which will never be erased. Therefore, it is possible to be familiar with them and understand them thoroughly.
First of all, reading emphasizes practicality and the process of reading, and frequency is its basic requirement. Starting from the dimension of "process and method", the curriculum standard emphasizes that the enlightenment education of ancient poetry should emphasize practicality, simulate and try different changes in reading methods in repeated reading practice, and then accumulate reading experience. This process is different from the later detection. Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty said, "To read it, you must read it loudly. You can't miss a word, you can't miss a word, you can't add a word, you can't pour a word, you can't force your back. As long as you recite it several times, it will be catchy and unforgettable for a long time. The ancients said,' Read it a thousand times and you will know its meaning.' If you read well, you won't understand it and know its meaning. Ye Shengtao said: "When reciting, you not only have a rational understanding of what you have learned in the research, but also have a cordial experience. Unconsciously, the content and truth have become the readers' own things. This is the most precious realm. To learn Chinese, you have to reach this level so that you can enjoy it all your life. Therefore, he asked: "Let students recite, and let students regard recitation as a kind of enjoyment, not a burden. After reading it again and again, I feel kind again and again. I don't want to memorize it earlier, so I will naturally reach the realm of familiarity. "
Secondly, reading should also emphasize the purpose of reading. The basic form of reading aloud is reading aloud "Reading the text correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin" is listed as the first reading goal of each learning period. Reading aloud is reading aloud. Teachers should give guidance according to the age of students and the characteristics of poetry, so that students can understand the purpose and requirements of reading, express rich and complicated thoughts, feelings and psychological changes, pay attention to the guidance of specific reading methods, and pay attention to the subtle relationship between pause, severity, urgency, cadence, thoughts, feelings and psychological changes, that is, the curriculum standard says, "pay attention to appreciate the content and feelings of works through the tone and rhythm of poetry." Some experts also have some incisive expositions on this. For example, Zhu Ziqing thinks that "it is very important to study hard. Recitation is closely related to understanding, and it is a necessary step for appreciation. When reciting, extinct language written on paper can get its meaning from the sound and become a living tone. " When reading aloud, "you should be able to distinguish the tone; Make the sound urgent and conform to the development of the original meaning. "These statements are very enlightening.
Third, reading practice should pay attention to hierarchy and diversity. According to the requirements of curriculum standards, combined with the age characteristics of primary and secondary school students, with the enhancement of understanding ability, students' reading skills will become higher and higher, and teachers must determine different reading segmentation requirements and practice methods according to these characteristics; The reading practice in the classroom should adapt to students' interests, and adopt various practice methods to demonstrate and guide students.
In a word, reading is closely combined with emotional experience and language accumulation, that is, reading repeatedly and finally knowing it by heart. Let students recite poems with cadence and endless charm, and consciously experience emotions and comprehend the content in the process of reading, so that they can not only feel the beauty of rhythm, poetry and image of Chinese, but also accumulate language and be influenced and infected. Compared with reading aloud, reading aloud emphasizes personal experience and internalization. Reading aloud is a method that runs through the enlightenment education of ancient poetry.