The common style of ancient poetry in college entrance examination is 1, and vigorous: vigorous means boundless strength and grandeur. Its characteristics are: strong bones, magnificent mountains and rivers, lofty universe, magnanimity, grandeur and grandeur. Some are ambitious and resolute, such as Liu Bang's Song of the Wind and Xiang Yu's Song of the Earth. Look at the sea Wang Changling's "The Great Wall" (the bright moon in Qin Dynasty, the custom in Han Dynasty) is magnificent and magnificent; Wang Zhihuan's "The Embankment" (the Yellow River is far above the white clouds) has rich imagination and broad realm; Meng Haoran and a mist have been besieging Yueyang City from Yungu and Menggu? (Lin Dongting) Wang Wei? The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen? ("successful summit")
2, unrestrained: unrestrained, called unrestrained. Its characteristics not only show the characteristics of the poet as the subject, but also show the characteristics of the depicted object as the object. As far as the subject matter is concerned, the emotion is stirring and the style is high; Imagination is strange and exaggerated; Ambitious and broad-minded; Suck into the universe and pull up mountains and rivers; Arrogant and rough, wild and unrestrained. As far as the object is concerned, it is often huge in size and strength, showing its unique grandeur and sublimity, or showing a vast and boundless scene, so it is magnificent, magnificent and ethereal. Li Bai is a master of the uninhibited school, which is characterized by intense emotion, high style, strange imagination and exaggeration. ? Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows from the sky to the sea and never returns? ? ("will be drunk")? White hair is three thousands of feet, and sorrow is ten feet long. ? ("Song of Qiupu") The unconstrained school in Song Ci, with Su and Xin as the most outstanding representatives, "Nian Nujiao? Nostalgia on Red Cliff is a masterpiece. ? River of no return? Two words,? Must be a big shot in Kansai, with an iron plate? Sing.
3. Depression: If boldness is a volcanic eruption, then depression is an undercurrent. When the poet is elegant and chic, he is uninhibited; When the poet meditates and is anxious and angry, he becomes depressed. What is depression? Depression refers to the profundity, richness, anxiety and suggestibility of emotions. ? Whether it is heavy or not, the depression is not thin. ? Du Fu's poems are extremely rich. Sadness is the main content of Du Fu's poems. His sorrow is not only personal, but also national, national and people's. Therefore, this kind of sadness has rich emotional levels, which makes him depressed and gain deep feelings and lofty values. His? Three officials? Say goodbye? Car dealer? Song of the Autumn Wind Breaking the Hut is a melancholy masterpiece.
4, sadness: touching the scene, seeing things hurting people, tragic and generous, called sadness. Generally, poets lament the ever-changing diseases, the speed of youth passing away, the seriousness of people's disasters, the ups and downs of fate and the anger of unfulfilled ambition, while those who are concerned about the country and the people and are generous and sad look at them with sadness. It can be seen that compassion is the voice of the times and the cry of the poet. Faced with the turbulent reality, the poet expressed compassion out of a serious sense of responsibility. Chen Ziang's poems are famous for their sadness. Youzhou rostrum is another word of Xin Qiji.
5, handsome: handsome and handsome, cool and fluent. The representative poet is Du Mu. His poems, whether ancient or modern, are full of lofty sentiments, talking about history, lamenting the disadvantages of the times, summing up lessons, worrying about the country and the people, having great ambitions to support the sky, and feeling that there is no way to serve. On the other hand, they are bold and unrestrained, chic and romantic, elegant and carefree, and refreshing. For example, Crossing the Qing Palace: Looking back at Chang 'an, Mount Li is like a pile of splendid scenery, and the gates of Huaqing Palace on the top of the mountain are opened in turn. As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south. ? Another example is "Red Cliff", which has a lively rhythm, "Mountain Walking" (far away from Hanshan Mountain) and "Jiangnan Spring Water Poetry", which are elegant and beautiful. Dream of Yangzhou for ten years and win the name of brothel? ("Farewell" is beautiful without smelting, gorgeous without demon.
6. Dilution: Dilution, that is, harmony but difference, has the characteristics of leisure, silence, indifference and far-reaching. Wang Wei's landscape poems are characterized by leisure, tranquility, lightness and remoteness. He is a master of dilution. Like what? People are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and when singing in the deep stream. ? ("birdsong flow")? No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard. The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant. ? (Abatis) Here, there is no noise of the city, no human disputes, no external interference, only the tranquility of nature and the vitality of mountains and rivers. Poets indulge in enjoyment, admiration and intoxication, throw themselves into the embrace of nature and become an organism of nature. The nature described by the poet always beats the poet's pulse, whirls the poet's voice and shakes the poet's soul. Therefore, nature is personified. The nature described by the poet is the poet himself, reflecting the poet's diluted state of mind. The poet himself has integrated into nature. This kind of melting is to melt the subjective feelings into the objective scenery and pursue the emptiness without me, which is the extreme of dilution. However, dilution is not disillusionment and death, but full of vitality. It is the result of the poet's transformation of active life into solidified life, and the vitality changes from flow to tranquility.
7. Broad-minded: that is, unrestrained, open-minded, chic and elegant, noble and unique, and the representative writer is Su Shi. Su Shi's ci is not only bold, but also broad-minded in style. Su Shi, who has great talent but poor talent, should not only adhere to the tradition, but also conform to the current situation; Want it? Do your best? , again? Know destiny? , make its character typical? Broad-minded? The characteristics of.
The first mode of answering skills of China's ancient poetry appreciation in college entrance examination analyzes images and artistic conception
Q: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?
Question variant: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express?
Answer analysis: This is one of the most common questions. The so-called artistic conception refers to the imaginary realm created by the combination of objects (that is, images) that entrust the poet's feelings. Including scenery, emotion and environment. Three aspects are indispensable when answering questions.
Answer steps:
(1) describe the picture in the poem. It also accurately summarizes that candidates should grasp the main scenery in poetry and reproduce the picture in their own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful.
② Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, vigorous and magnificent, bleak and desolate, etc. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery.
③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Don't be empty, but give specific answers. Like just answering? Express the author's sentimental feelings? It's not good. Why? Sentimental? .
* The second pattern analysis skill type
How to ask questions: What expressive techniques are used in this poem?
Variant of questioning: Please analyze the expressive technique (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. How do poets express their feelings? What's the effect?
Answer steps:
(1) Accurately point out the technology used.
(2) Explain why this technique is combined with poetry.
(3) How can this technique effectively convey the poet's feelings?
* Features of the third pattern analysis language
Q: What are the linguistic features of this poem?
Question variant: Please analyze the language style of this poem. On the language art of this poem.
Answer steps:
(1) Use one or two words to accurately point out language features.
(2) Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem.
(3) Point out how the author's feelings are expressed.
The image of cicada in ancient poems of college entrance examination ⊙( 1) is noble and virtuous.
The ancients thought that cicada eating wind and drinking dew was a symbol of nobility, so the ancients often used cicada's nobility to express its noble character. "Don't cut Tang Poetry" says: Every time a cicada sings, it respects its uniqueness. ?
Because cicadas live on high branches, eat wind and sleep outdoors, and don't eat fireworks, so their moral character belongs to lofty type.
Example 1: Luo's "A political prisoner listens to cicadas:? Cicadas sing in the west, and guests think of the south. However, it needs those songs with black wings to break the heart of a white-haired prisoner. His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind. Who knows if he is still singing? Who will listen to me? . His flight passed through the thick fog, and his pure voice was drowned in the world of wind? Every word in the two sentences is cicada, and there is not a word that does not refer to himself. Expose your weight? 、? How windy is it? Metaphor is the pressure of the environment. Difficult to fly in? Metaphor is not satisfied with politics. Sound is easy to sink? Metaphor speech is suppressed. Cicadas are like this, so are people, integrated and deeply nailed. Wu Zetian was offended by the petition and was framed in prison. Wang Bin was so angry that he wrote this poem in prison.
Example 2: Wang's Qi Tianle. I'm lofty, and I'm sad. ?
Example 3: Yu Shinan's cicada: The cicada is far away from the cicada because of the cicada in the tall tree, not by the autumn wind. ? They all use cicadas as a metaphor for noble morality.
Example 4: Li Shangyin's Cicada: Want to live a pure life like you? .
(2) Sad and mournful
After autumn, cicadas will not live long. After some autumn rains, cicadas will make a few intermittent moans, and their lives are at stake. Therefore, chilling has become synonymous with sadness.
Example 1: The first two sentences of Dondero's Chanting Zen: cicadas sing in the west and visitors think of the south. ? Singing in silence makes you deeply homesick in prison.
Example 2: Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, begins with? Chilling cries, pavilion late, shower early. ? Haven't directly described the separation? Sad and painful? The feeling of sadness fills the reader's heart and creates an atmosphere that can touch the feelings of parting.
Example 3: Wang Biao, Prince Charming, written by Cao Zhi during the Three Kingdoms Period. My side is chilling?
Example 4: Xu Tang's cicada? It is reported that autumn is getting colder and the night is clear. Answer the question silently, trembling slightly as if trying to do something. ? From the poem? Silence? 、? Want to go? Semantic pun is not only about cicadas, but also about people. The poet's sadness of parting lies in cicada, but the loneliness and sadness of cicada are the embodiment of the poet. The author pinned the sadness of this kind of travel on cicadas, which reflected the loneliness and helplessness that people, as ordinary living beings, have when facing the vast universe.
Exodus 5: Zhu's Wenchan Temple? The leaves are dark in summer, and cicadas are singing tonight. It's amazing and worth the sunset. ? The guests were shocked to hear the cicada singing, and the cicada was sad in the sunset. As the sun sets, cicadas have to leave the day and moan in the cold night, which makes people sad. The author pinned the sadness of the journey on cicada, which reflected the loneliness and helplessness of human beings as ordinary creatures facing the vast universe. ? Cicada? 、? Guest? In a? Surprised? In the reader's artistic imagination, these two words can be transposed and things can be perceived and integrated.
Ex. 6: Li Shangyin: Pure heart and lack of desire, singing all night. Oh, this last broken breath, in the green indifferent trees! . ?
Cicada, as a weak and objective life in nature, drinks nectar in the morning, swallows high branches at dusk, lives in summer and dies in autumn, which is insignificant in the vast universe. But it is this law of life that has won the love of literati, and cicada has been brought into poetry and become a more descriptive object.
(3) Life is short, pity life.
Cicada will die when the Millennium comes, giving people a helpless sense of sadness. Poets often use cicada as a metaphor, which does not refer to the tragic feelings of a hundred years old, the bleak storm of life, and the author's subjective feelings of pity for life permeate between the lines.
Example 1:? Mangrove cicadas sing full of sunset, and white heads hurt each other? (Yuan Zhen's "Send Deer Poems")? Mangroves? 、? Cicada? 、? Sunset? 、? Baishi? Natural integration, accompanied by sunset? Cicada? It is precisely the true portrayal of the white-headed man. Coupled with the sadness of parting, it is an action to reduce cohesion. This sustenance of cicada highlights the poet's subjective feeling, that is, a long day, a white horse passing by, fleeting tragic image. This image of cicada is far-reaching and wonderful.