Direct lyric
In other words, the author directly narrates the strong feelings in the article, without covering them up, and lets them pour out directly.
For example, before me, where were those lost times? Behind me, where are the future generations? . Only the boundless universe, boundless, can't stop the tears full of sadness. (Chen Ziang's "Youzhou Tower") The whole poem expresses the poet's grief and frustration in waiting for Youzhou Taiwan in a generous and sad style.
2
Use a scene to express your feelings.
(Du Mu's "Bo Qinhuai") is an indirect lyric, which expresses the author's feelings through the description of real scenes.
Such as: smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant. Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing "backyard flowers" across the river.
The first two sentences of this poem are about scenery, while the last two sentences are lyrical. The scenery written is not a clear moonlit night in Wan Li and a cloudless blue sky in Wan Li, but a foggy moon, shrouded in cold sea water and white sand. The scenery is so bleak and the atmosphere is so cold, which adds atmosphere and color to the writer's anxiety in the last two sentences, and the two scenes blend into one.
three
Hold something to express your wishes.
It is an indirect lyric, expressing one's will by holding something, and expressing one's feelings and thoughts by describing something or something.
Such as: hanging down to drink clear dew, flowing out of sparse tung. Cicada is far away from cicada because cicada is on a tall tree, not relying on autumn wind. The image of cicada described in the poem (in Yu Shinan's "Chanting Cicada") is that cicada hangs down its tentacles, sucks clean dew on the branches, and bursts of cicada singing come from the sparse phoenix tree. Living in a high place, crying naturally travels far, not relying on the power of the wind. In poetry, what the author really wants to express is his feelings about life: all people with noble morality are always strict with themselves and constantly improve their self-cultivation, so their good reputation can spread far and far without relying on others' boasting. It can be seen that writing cicadas is the foundation, and expressing your feelings and ambitions is the real purpose.
four
(of literary works) the feeling and background blend happily/appropriately.
In the description of the scenery, the feelings of the author's supervisor are incorporated, which makes the poem reach the realm of "integration of things and me", and it is impossible to tell which is "scenery" and which is "emotion".
Such as: picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see Nanshan. The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back. This makes sense. I forgot to say it if I wanted to defend myself.
On the surface, this poem depicts the scenery, but in fact it implies the poet's emotional realm of transcending the world, loving nature and staying away from officialdom.
five
Association between activity and inertia
Refers to the description of dynamic or relatively static people, events and scenes.
For example, if you see a fishing lamp in a dark and windy place, you will see a small firefly alone. Slight wind and waves, scattered like river stars. The whole poem depicts the scenery the poet saw on the boat at night in a simple way. The first two sentences are static, and the last two sentences are dynamic, which combine dynamic and static and complement each other.
six
Dynamic contrast static.
It is a contrast technique, that is, through the description of the dynamic, rendering and comparing the static, that is, expressing the static in the dynamic description.
Such as: people idle osmanthus, the night is quiet and the mountains are empty. When the moon comes out, the birds are startled, and the sound enters the spring stream. (Wang Wei's Bird Watching Creek)
The scenery written in the poem, such as falling flowers, rising moon and singing birds, are all moving scenes, and at the same time, through these moving scenes, the silence of the spring stream is more prominent. "Tonamiyama is more secluded", the quieter it is. Here bread contains dialectics.
seven
Happy scenery and sad writing
This is a contrast technique. On the surface, it is a happy scene, but in fact it is used to express a sad mood.
Such as: jade bird boat, four-cornered dragon, graceful wind. Jade wheel, green horse, tassel, golden saddle. The money is 3 million, all wearing green silk, and 300 colorful horses.
eight
Connect feelings with scenery.
Poetry came to an abrupt end in the process of discussion or lyricism, and turned to scenery, ending with scenery instead of emotion, which made poetry "ruthless at this time is better than emotion", which is still lacking.
For example, when the pipa dances with new sounds, it always closes the mountain to keep old feelings. I can't listen to endless worries, and the high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall.
(Wang Changling's "Seven Joining the Army") The first three sentences of the poem are all lyrical about music, and the poet who ends the sentence makes love with the scenery with a gentle stroke. It seems that after buying wine and drinking music in the army, the vast and desolate scene of the Great Wall suddenly appeared for a month: the ancient and majestic Great Wall was undulating, the autumn moon was shining high, and the scene was magnificent and sad. Is the defender deeply homesick or eager to make achievements at this time? Is it anxiety about reality or deep love for the motherland? ..... unknown, leaving readers unlimited imagination.
nine
Use the past to satirize/belittle the present
This is a common expression in epics, satirizing the present dynasty with historical events.
For example, the six generations of Taicheng compete for beauty, and making love in spring is the most extravagant. Every family has become a weed because of a flower in the backyard. ("Taicheng" by Liu Yuxi) The whole poem takes Taicheng, the place where the emperors of the Six Dynasties lived in politics, as the title, and describes the dissolute life of the Six Dynasties, which is in sharp contrast with the desolate scene of overgrown weeds, and turns the serious historical lessons into shocking concrete images, and entrusts them with infinite feelings of mourning for the past and drawing lessons from mistakes.
10
come on
China, one of the traditional painting techniques, was later borrowed to refer to the brushwork of emphasizing and repeating in many aspects in literary and artistic creation to highlight people and environment.
For example, the phoenix tree in Jinjing is yellow in autumn leaves, and the bead curtain does not roll frost at night. Jade pillow jade pillow looks like a withered face, lying on your back and worrying about listening to the south temple-style leaking face. (Wang Changling's "Autumn Ci") The first sentence breaks the topic, describing autumn scenery's rendering of the atmosphere of the cold night in the palace.
1 1
make a contrast (with sth)
Contrast in foil is one of the original techniques of China's traditional painting. Also known as "clouds shine on the moon". Post-borrowing refers to a writing technique, which highlights a certain emotion or image of a character through the description of a specific environment and atmosphere. This technique is usually used in combination with rendering.
For example, when the Monkey King saw Luo Fu, he shouldered a moustache. When the teenager saw Luo Fu, he took off his hat and lowered his head. The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe; In spite of resentment, he sat watching Luo Fu. ("Shang Mo Sang")
12
Use allusions
Quoting refers to a rhetorical way of quoting words from historical stories or ancient books to illustrate one's point of view. The use of allusions is both explicit and implicit.
For example, who can ask: Is Lian Po too old to eat? The poet compared himself to Lian Po, expressing his loyalty in spite of his old age.
13
The combination of virtuality and reality
Realistic writing refers to the direct and positive narration and description of people or things. Fictional writing refers to narrative and description with marginal notes or contrast. The combination of reality and fiction, that is, the two techniques are used simultaneously in narrative and description.
Such as: Bai Shu roosting crow in the atrium, Coody Leng silent wet osmanthus. (Looking at the Moon at Fifteen Nights by Wang Jian) From Bai Rushuang and the Crow, we can see that although the poet didn't write "When will the moon be bright", we feel the "bright moonlight" everywhere. In reality, I wrote White Land, Crow Living, Moonlight in vain, and secretly withheld the poem title of Looking at the Moon.
14
rise and fall
There are two kinds of suppression: first, suppression; The method of restraining first and then promoting.
For example, you have to pity your dog's teeth and print your hair, but Chai Fei can't leave for a long time. But this spring spring, after all, can't be caged. Look, there is a pink apricot sticking out of the wall. (Ye Shaoweng's "Garden Worthless") The first two sentences of the poem were written by the poet who took the opportunity to visit the garden and was rejected; In the last two sentences, the poet got something else. Seeing all love, there is a gap between the feelings before and after, with regret in front and happiness behind. What is adopted here is the method of promoting first and restraining first.
15
contrast
By contrast, we can distinguish different characters, different life phenomena and different thoughts and feelings more clearly, making beauty more beautiful and uglier.
Pottery has dried all the dirt in front of the door, and there are no tiles on the house. A rich man lives in a tile-roofed building without touching mud. (Mei's Pottery) Through the sharp contrast between pottery and the rich, the whole poem profoundly exposes the extreme irrationality of the feudal social system and expresses the poet's deep sympathy for the working people.