What is the feeling expressed in the quatrains of the Song Dynasty poet Zhi Nan?

But this little poem, with its delicate feelings and true description of early spring and February, recorded its name in the history of Song poetry. Zhao Yu, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once wrote in the volume of Poems for Entertainment: "Monks can read poems in the south, and Zhu Wengong tasted and commented:' Southern poems are more beautiful than Gree, and there is no smell of vegetables and bamboo shoots. Like a cloud, "I want wet clothes, I want rain and apricot blossoms, and the willows are not cold." Give it deep love. Zhu's evaluation of his poems is based on whether there is a taste of bamboo shoots, which is actually one of the issues discussed in the poetry theory of the Song Dynasty. Su Shi said in "Giving Poems to Monks, Taoists and General Affairs": "The language has been foggy since ancient times, and the gas contains vegetables and bamboo shoots for the public." Note: "It means there is no sour stuffing." May be the first to put forward this proposition. He commented on a sentence by Si Kongtu in the Tang Dynasty: "The piano is quiet in the court, and the stone altar is high in shadow". He said: "I have tasted the Five Old Peaks, and I have been to the White Crane Yard, where the pine trees are everywhere. I didn't see anyone, but I heard its voice, and then I knew the function of this sentence. But I hate it cold and awkward. " (Shu Tu Shi) clearly shows this tendency. He opposed the poems of monks and the bamboo shoots of vegetables, which was also endorsed by many poets. For example, Ye Mengde's "Shi Lin Shi Hua" said: "There are many monks who study poetry in modern times, and they don't feel detached and complacent. They often copy the legacy of literati. I also made a monk's body with a particularly vulgar rhythm, which the world calls sour stuffing. " Investigating the connotation of bamboo shoots refers to the loneliness of feelings and the coldness of the realm. This is a state closely related to the life and spirit of monks, and it is a specific "wind flow under the forest", which seems to have its rationality. Therefore, in the previous episode, Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing Hidden in Conghua" quoted Xiqing's poem as saying: "Dongpo monk poems should be free of bamboo shoots, and poets should take them. If you misunderstand this time, you will make it a language in the world network. I don't know whether the family style and the weather under the forest by the water are indispensable. If you wash away the rhyme and make it the same as the custom, what is enough! " Yuan Haowen put it more bluntly in the Preface to Mu 'an's Poems: "The poems of monks are different from poets because they are covered with bamboo shoots." Indeed, if we admit that life is the only source of all literature and art, then why not admit that bamboo shoots can best reflect the living conditions of poets and monks? In fact, what Su Shi scholars say is to incorporate all poetry creation into the aesthetic taste and standards of literati and obliterate its due uniqueness. This is even inconsistent with Su Shi's thought of pursuing diversity, which is often expressed in his poetics. Therefore, we would rather understand it as his momentary remarks, because from some of his specific works, there are many "bamboo shoots". Returning to the poem "Guide", Zhu praised it for not smelling like bamboo shoots, and said it from the standpoint of a scholar. This shows that Zhinan is an all-rounder in poetry creation, and monks can write good poems with or without bamboo shoots. The poet took a stick to go for a spring outing and said, "The stick helped me". He personified the stick, as if it were a reliable playmate, helping people move forward silently, giving people a sense of intimacy and security, which greatly increased the old monk's interest and happily crossed the bridge and headed east. The scenery of Qiaodong and Qiaoxi may not be very different, but for poets who travel in spring, the artistic conception and interest are quite different from east to west. "East" is sometimes synonymous with "spring". For example, the god of spring is called Dong Jun, and the east wind refers to the spring breeze. The poet crossed the bridge to the east, just as the east wind was blowing. No matter whether he goes to the west, the north or the south, there is no such poem. The last two sentences of the poem are particularly wonderful: "apricot blossom rain", early spring rain "willow wind" and early spring wind. This is more beautiful and picturesque than "drizzle" and "breeze" Yang Liuzhi is rippling with the wind, giving people the feeling that the spring breeze comes from willows. The rain in early spring is called "apricot blossom rain", which is exactly the same as the rain in early summer called "Huang Meiyu". "The small building listens to the spring rain all night, and the deep alley sells apricot flowers." In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the great poet Lu You once associated apricot flowers with spring rain. "I want to get wet with clothes", and it is more subtle to describe the drizzle in early spring with clothes that seem wet but not wet. Imagine the poet walking eastward with a stick, burning red apricots, dancing with green willows and drizzling clothes, as if wet but not wet, and the wind blowing head-on, without feeling a chill. What an impatient and pleasant spring outing! Some people can't help but feel that the old monk keeps going forward and enjoys himself. When he thinks about going home, he is afraid that he will be exhausted and even hold him still. Don't worry too much. The first sentence of the poem says: "The shade of ancient wood is short." Isn't the short canopy a boat? The old monk came by boat along the stream, and the boat was under the old tree by the stream, waiting for him to untie it and return to the temple. Heart /ty Qing 13 Grade 2009-03-2 1 Poem is about the real feelings in February. In the desolate ancient forest, park the boat in the shade of the shore, tie the cable and board the river bank. "Short canopy" is a ship. At the beginning of this sentence, it seems that the atmosphere is somewhat gloomy. The ancient trees are dense and misty, and it is inevitable that there is a decadent atmosphere around them. It also reminds people that there will be lamentations when there are ancient trees. "Sad birds and ancient trees" seems to be a set image combination. Poets and monks, on the other hand, stopped there, only "in the shadow of ancient trees", turned decay into magic, propped up a boat impartially, unhurriedly tied to the shore, leisurely and square. Although it is not as charming and beautiful as "Evening Waiting for My Love, Green Shore" (Chu Guangxi's "Fishing Bay"), it also has a cool and quiet aesthetic feeling. After tying the boat, the poet stepped on the bridge with a quinoa stick and left for the east. Old trees are mottled and flowing water is gurgling. He seemed to hear the monk leaning on the quinoa stick to tie the bridge. The figure is sparse, step by step, disappearing into another world in Qiaodong. "Quinoa stick" is a crutch. In Song Dynasty, the fifth song of Qin Guan's "The Book of Ningpu" once said that "the body and the stick and the quinoa are two, and the moon and the shadow are three", which made the stick and the quinoa and themselves equal and interdependent in consciousness. Zhinan's poems are even more unique. In his mind, bonzi quinoa has no function of "helping me" or "helping each other". Instead, it is "help me get the stick quinoa." The poet himself became a quinoa, not a quinoa. What happened? In fact, Zhinan's statement is just right and normal. In the eyes of ordinary people, crutches are supported by people, but crutches become crutches by people. How can I stand on crutches without people? People can not support crutches, but crutches must support people. Therefore, people don't use sticks and quinoa to help people, but people use sticks and quinoa. Naturally, "sticks and quinoa help me cross the East Bridge". On the surface, the way Zen people look at things is contrary to logic and common sense, but it is this abnormality that constitutes the curiosity of divine poetry and finally returns to normal. Among them, it is profound and reasonable, but it is deeper and more tortuous than ordinary people. This is what the Zen master said: "hoe empty-handed, ride a buffalo on foot." The meaning and essence of "people cross the bridge, the bridge does not flow" In the rhythmic sound of "Benedict", Zhang helped the poet walk from Qiaoxi to Qiaodong. The East Bridge and the West Bridge seem to give people a feeling of two worlds. There are still ancient trees hanging down and lush, but there are apricot flowers, spring rain, willows and breeze here. " I want wet clothes, apricot blossoms and rain, and I have another village. In February, it is apricot rain that often rains when apricot flowers are in full bloom. It's the willow wind blowing from the willow tree. It blows on people's faces and doesn't feel cold. "apricot blossom rain" refers to the scene of apricot blossom in Qingming Festival. "Desiring to be wet" is a state of being at arm's length. It seems to be wet but not wet, but it is still wet if you want to disturb, wet without touching, and wet without showering. This is the pleasant and harmonious feeling brought by apricot blossom rain. More importantly, the spring breeze in February makes the willow feel soft and warm, cool and beautiful but not cold on the face, which really constitutes a poetic and dreamy realm. People are in it, shaped like misty apricot flowers and willow trees; It feels like a crisp drizzle, like a bit of breeze, like enjoying the beauty of bright eyes behind the curtain of cicada yarn, expressing a special feeling for nature.