Complete works of ancient classical Chinese fine words

Du Fu, the sage of poetry, said, "I am lonely for human nature, and I will never stop talking." This is an artistic banner pursued by poets in different times. (1) Example of refining quantifiers: "In Qiancun, Zita Law, several branches blossomed last night." Zheng Gu changed the word "several branches blossom" in the poem "Morning Plum" by poet Miracle to "one branch blossom", which made the word "one branch" and "morning" coherent, so Miracle worshipped Zheng Gu as "word teacher". ② Refine adjectives 1. The third and fourth sentences of Wang Wei's Hunting: "The grass is withered and the eagle eye is sick, and the snow is as light as a horseshoe." These two sentences * * * have four subject-predicate phrases, namely dryness, illness, fatigue and lightness, all of which are predicates. "Dry" and "exhausted" are common predicates, while "sick" and "light" are refined words. After the grass withered, the eagle's eyes could see more clearly. The poet says "fast" (illness) instead of seeing clearly. "fast" is more vivid than "clear" After the snow disappeared, the horseshoe walked better. The poet said "light" instead of "fast", which is more vivid than "fast". Example 2. Wang Wei's "The desert is lonely and straight, the long river sets the yen", like a huge landscape painting, vividly depicts the vast and desolate scene beyond the Great Wall. The word "straight" shows a kind of beauty of straightness and perseverance; The setting sun's circle gives people a boundless feeling against the background of Gobi in Wan Li. The word "straight" and "round" combines the beauty of straight line with the beauty of roundness, and the picture is spectacular and really irreplaceable. Example 3. Wu Wenying's "Narrow Country Dream, Wide Water and Wide Sky" ("Zhejiang Tianhua Temple") describes "narrowness" and "width", which is wonderful in comparison; A cautious "dream soul yearns for the vastness, but it is afraid that the dream will be covered by sorrow" ("High Balcony, Send Friends to Vietnam"), which uses the word "light" to describe the dream soul and turns it into tangible, which is also a wonderful use of synaesthesia in adjective tempering. The flexible use of adjectives can turn decay into magic. In Jie Jiang's Dried Plums, adjectives "red" and "green" are used as causative verbs in "fleeting people, cherries turn red and bananas turn green". The poet expressed his regret for the passage of time through the dynamics of cherry turning red and banana leaves turning green. If you still use "red" and "green" as adjectives, it will taste like chewing wax if you say "cherry red and banana green". Another example is Zhou Bangyan's poem "Old warbler chicks gain weight every inch", which links the changes of warbler chicks and plums with the wind and inches. The adjective "old" and "fat" are replaced by verbs, just like a panacea, which plays the role of turning the stone into gold in sentences. (3) Practice the verb example 1. Li Bai's Interview with Daitian Mountain: "In the barking of dogs, peach blossoms are thick. See the deer when the tree is deep, but don't ring the bell at noon. Wild bamboos are green and misty, and flying springs hang blue peaks. No one knows where to go, I am worried. " Neck knot, neat antithesis, beautiful artistic conception, wild bamboo meets clouds. This is a still scene, but the poet uses the word "fen", which means movement. It reminds people of the scene that clouds move slowly with the mountain and constantly drift from the top of wild bamboo. A line of spring water, flying in the air, was originally a moving scene, but the poet used the word "hanging", which changed from dynamic to static, making people want to see the precipitous peaks and the drooping of mountain springs. Example 2. The third and fourth sentences of Du Fu's "Spring Hope": "Where the petals have shed tears, the lonely bird has already mourned." "Splash" and "shock" are both refined words. They are all causative verbs: flowers make people cry and birds make people tremble. Spring has come, birds and flowers are fragrant, which should be happy; Now, because of the national turmoil, families are ruined and people are killed, and flowers and birds can only make poets cry. Example 3. The word "resentment" in Wang Zhihuan's "Qiangdi Why Complain about Willow". "Spring Breeze But Yumenguan" obviously uses personification, which is not only the emotion in the song, but also the voice of the piper. (4) Refine function words In classical poetry, function words can achieve aesthetic effects such as dredging style, opening and closing echoes, melodious twists and turns, activating emotional charm, and turning stagnation into flow. For example, if the word "harmony" * * * in Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Teng-ting is removed, it will be greatly discounted. The adverbs "Zi" and "Kong" in Du Fu's Shu Xiang, and "Spring grass dyes the stage, birds sing under the leaves" are the poetic eyes of this poem. Only by understanding them can we deeply appreciate the desolation and coldness of the ancestral temple, and the poet's myriad feelings are born from it. If we can't understand this, we can't appreciate the sentimental feelings expressed by the poet. Exercise 1. Read the following Tang poems and complete the following questions. Water sill sends heart ① Du Fu to Guo Xuan ② Open, no village overlooks credit ③. Clear water, almost drowning both sides; Green trees and flowers in full bloom in the evening. It was drizzling, and the fish jumped out of the water happily; The breeze is blowing gently, and the swallows slant across the sky. The city is crowded with thousands of people; There are only two Three Lamps District here, and it's free. [Note] ① This poem was written during the period when Du Fu lived in Chengdu Caotang. ② Xuan: Promenade. ③ catalpa: pillar. 3 credits: far.

(1) Fill in the blanks: This is a poem describing natural scenery, and the genre is poetry. Judging from the description of the scenery, the poet wrote about the seasonal beauty. Through these scenery descriptions, the author wrote the environment of the thatched cottage; Expressed the poet's mood. (2) Please appreciate the beauty of the use of "Chu" and "Writing" in line-drawing poems.

2. Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question. The next six songs (1) Li Bai's Five In the snow in Tianshan Mountain are cold without flowers. I heard a bright future, but I didn't see spring scenery. The soldiers fought the enemy in the golden drum during the day and slept in the saddle at night. I hope that the sword hanging around my waist can quickly pacify the border and serve my country. [Note] ① Folding willow: that is, "folding willow", an ancient music, is mostly a sad word that hurts spring. Poetry pays attention to diction and sentence making, and its language is refined and expressive. Try to make a brief analysis with the third part of the poem. 3. Read the following Song poems and then answer this question. Xi Lin Ting Jingxi is full of thoughts in the clear autumn, and it is still a pavilion at sunset. At the beginning of the month, the trees are tall and white, and the breeze is half awake. Walking alone in the fallen leaves, sitting around and counting fireflies. Where is the fishing song? Lonely lights are far apart. (1) What time-varying images did the poet use to express his feelings? (2) Please comment on the artistic effect of the word "wear" and "number" in the third part of the poem. 4. Read the following words and then answer the questions. Bodhisattva Li Man Baiping forest is misty, and Hanshan area is sad. When the color enters a tall building, someone upstairs is sad. The jade steps stand empty, and the birds fly quickly. Where is the return trip? The long pavilion is shorter. (1) Classical poetry pays special attention to the refinement of words. Please briefly analyze the role of the word "empty" in expression. (2) Regarding the content expressed in this word, some people think that it is "wandering home", some people think that it is "thinking about women and people", and some people think that it is both. What's your opinion? Please briefly explain the reasons.

The answer to the exercise of appreciating ancient poems and refining Chinese characters is 1. The answer is: (1) Modern poetry (metrical poetry, five laws) Spring (spring that loves nature) is open, quiet and leisurely; (2) "Out" means that the fish jumps out of the water, and "Oblique" means that the swallow flies sideways. Describe the activity of fish and the lightness of swallow respectively. The "movement" of fish and swallows is combined with the "quietness" of the surrounding environment, which sets off the quietness of the environment and the poet's leisurely mood. Or: "Out" refers to the fish jumping out of the water, and "Oblique" refers to the swallows flying obliquely. Describe the activity of fish and the lightness of swallow respectively. The dynamic of "fish and swallow" shows the unique vitality of spring and expresses the poet's thoughts and feelings of loving nature. Analysis: This poem describes the scene seen in the evening breeze and drizzle, showing the quiet and beautiful environment, the poet's leisurely and quiet state of mind and his love for nature. It is because of the weak wind that swallows flit across the sky lightly; Shows the subtle meaning of the poet's words. "Chu" writes about the joy of fish, which is extremely natural; The Seven Laws describes the lightness of swallows, which makes Xiao vivid. The whole poem consists of eight antithetical sentences. In the description, the distance is staggered, and it is fine and natural. "It has its own natural work, and there is no trace of its depiction." Every sentence of it describes the scenery, and every sentence has the meaning of "caring". After Du Fu settled in the thatched cottage, after his management, the garden area of the thatched cottage expanded and more trees were planted. Next to the Shuige, there is also a water sill for fishing and overlooking. After a long wandering life, the poet has a place to live. Facing the beautiful scenery, he couldn't help writing some small poems praising the natural scenery. This poem depicts the environment of the thatched cottage, but what is implied between the lines is the poet's leisurely mood and love for nature in spring. 2. A: The third part, from writing "Sean Xiao" to sleeping with a saddle, very roughly depicts the frontier fortress marching all day and the continuous tense military life. The word "hug" shows tension more prominently. It seems that once the police are called, the "saddle bearer" can turn over and mount the horse and attack bravely. Analysis: The first sentence "Five In the snow in Tianshan Mountains" has been closely related to the theme. Poetry is the five laws, and the two couplets are used to it. Li Bai, on the other hand, has a desolate artistic conception of drifting with the tide and refusing to converge slightly, which breaks through the shackles of metrical poetry and is characterized by straightness, boldness and language. "Sean Xiao follows the golden drum and sleeps on the jade saddle at night." The semantic change has changed from desolation to grandeur. The poet imagined that he came to the frontier fortress at the foot of Tianshan Mountain and lived a tense fighting life all day. March in the sound of gongs and drums during the day and take a nap in the saddle at night. "Sean Xiao" means "sleeping at night". When the author intends to sum up one day's army life, his military situation is tense and urgent. The word "sui" is forbidden in the orders of foot soldiers. The word "Bao" depicts the situation of foot soldiers guarding at night. The second sentence is about the life scene of foot soldiers, who are guarding the border and preparing for war, and everyone's mentality of fighting bravely for the first place is also revealed. The couplet "I would like to cut Loulan with a machete" tells the story of Fu Jiezi's generous revenge, which shows the poet's ambition to go to the battlefield to kill the enemy for his country. The word "straight" echoes the word "wish" at a distance, with a strong tone. A group of voices, bursting out, have their own thrilling artistic appeal. 3. Answer: (1) White deciduous firefly, alone in the dusk of clear autumn; (2) The poet strolls in the Xiting in the late autumn. In the middle of the month, on the high trees, the wine is half awake, and it is cold and quiet all around. The poet walked alone among the fallen leaves in the forest. The word "wear" vividly conveys the poet's lonely and wandering mood. The poet sat in the forest and bored "counting" fireflies. The word "number" vividly depicts the poet's depressed and bored state of mind. Analysis: (1) Image is the carrier of poet's expression. This topic should not only see the image clearly, but also grasp the requirement of "reflecting the change of time" in the topic. (2) The examination point of this topic is "Appreciating the language and expression skills of classical poetry". The analysis of keywords in this topic must be combined with the feelings expressed by poets in poetry, highlighting the unique beauty of these words in highlighting the theme and conveying emotions. "Walking alone" before the word "wear" and "sitting around" before the word "number" are of great help to understand the poet's feelings and master the skills of using words. 4. Answer: (1) The word "empty" expresses the loneliness and melancholy of waiting for no results, adding the "sorrow" flavor of the whole word and making the theme more vivid. (2) The wanderer is homesick: one or two sentences are what the wanderer sees in front of him; Three to six sentences are about a wanderer touching the scene and imagining that his family is expecting his return; In the last two sentences, the wanderer lamented that it was a long way to go home and it was too late to add sadness. Thinking of women and people: the first part is about thinking of women and seeing the sad night scene; Five or six sentences are written about thinking of a woman standing on the jade steps and missing a wanderer when a bird returns; In the last two sentences, I think it is difficult for tourists to return to their hometown and lament that they will never meet again. Both: the whole word expresses the feelings of "one kind of lovesickness, two places of leisure sorrow" by expressing each other's homesickness and homesickness. Analysis: (1) sentence Through the understanding of a word, the appreciation of the expression skills of classical poetry is investigated. The title requirement is clear: "Analyze the function of the word' empty' in expression." This should be answered in combination with the thoughts and feelings expressed by the whole word. The whole word expresses the feeling of homesickness or homesickness, but this kind of yearning adds sadness, loneliness, melancholy and sorrow because it has no result. The word "empty" conveys this meaning appropriately, so it is used well. Question (2) examines the understanding and grasp of the ideological content. The understanding of ideological content can not be separated from the analysis of specific images, which has an understanding of the situation. The smoke in the forest is flat, the cold mountains are green, the color enters the building, the birds stay in the forest, so far away, so far away, so far away, who is thinking about who? Actually, it doesn't matter anymore. What matters is the artistic conception conveyed by the work. After understanding, it is meaningful for anyone to miss them. Just grasp the specific verse to answer. This is an open test. Candidates can express their unique feelings, experiences and understandings according to their own life experiences and knowledge accumulation.