The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.
The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.
But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.
Literary theory has said that content determines form, and form reacts on content. As far as Du Fu's Shu Xiang is concerned, such rich content and profound thoughts and feelings must be supported by exquisite aesthetic art. In this regard, I think this is mainly reflected in the following aspects.
First of all, the composition is orderly and the structure is complete.
The structure of China's ancient poems (especially metrical poems) is also regular. In The Number of Legalists in Yuan Dynasty, Yang Zai summed up the rules of metrical poetry with four links: starting, inheriting, turning and combining. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng's "Tang Qian" reprinted the words in "The Number of Poets and Legalists", saying: "Seven-character poems have a beginning, a succession and a combination. Or use things to quote ... turn it into a necklace, or freehand brushwork, or write landscapes, or write stories, or use things to quote classics, which corresponds to the meaning of the former couplet, avoiding each other and changing endlessly ... end a sentence, or end a topic, or start a step ... Knowing this, the seven laws are halfway. " Shuxiang embodies the landscape structure of "connecting the past with the future". Some people call this couplet "Jing Lian", that is, "Cheng". The neck couplet turns to talk about lyricism, that is, to evaluate Zhuge Wuhou, and some people call it "violet", that is, "turn". The couplet wrapped the whole poem and summarized the mourning for Zhuge Wuhou. It was "He". The structure of this poem is complete and orderly, which conforms to the structural law of metrical poetry.
Secondly, the comprehensive use of various expressions.
In writing, the comprehensive use of expression techniques is helpful to express thoughts and feelings and improve the aesthetic effect of poetry. This poem, which is only eight short sentences, contains several ways of expression, such as narration, scenery description, discussion and lyricism. From the perspective of poetry, the first couplet "Where is the Hall of Famous Images, deep in a pine forest near Silk City" explains the location of Wuhou Temple. "Where to Find" is lyrical, and the poet expresses his admiration for Zhuge Liang by asking questions. "This is a description of the overall environment of the ancestral temple. The couplets of "Spring grass dyes the steps, birds sing under the leaves" are also descriptions of the scenery, in which "Zi" and "Kong" are also lyrical. The "three summonses focus on state affairs, and the second generation focuses on the heart of a child", which is mainly narrative, intertwined with discussion and lyricism, and also has the evaluation and praise of Zhuge Liang. The ending couplet "But before his conquest, he was dead, and the heroes cried on their coats" is lyrical and controversial.
Again, the antithesis is neat and exquisite.
Duality is a rhetorical device in which two phrases or sentences with the same number of words, the same structure and the same meaning are symmetrically arranged together. Also called duality. In China's ancient poems, duality is very strict, not only with the same number of words, the same structure and the same meaning, but also with the same part of speech, flat pronunciation and no reuse of words (new poems can be widely paired). The third call of birds chirping "The Necklace of Harmony" under the leaves is to focus on state affairs and offer their sincerity to the two generations. "It not only meets the requirements of antithesis in terms of words, structure and meaning, but also forms a relative form, that is," Ping Occasionally, Ping Occasionally "and".
In a word, we can see from the aesthetic art of Du Fu's Shu Xiang that the poet followed the norms of metrical poems in the Tang Dynasty, showed extremely high aesthetic artistic characteristics, well unified artistic form and content, and showed superb aesthetic artistic value, which became a rare masterpiece in the history of China poetry.