Can streams and rivers be occupied by collectives and individuals?

Review on Sentence Imitation (Published) The sentence imitation of Xu Kun in Anhui Guoyang No.1 Middle School is a test center set up in the examination syllabus to test candidates' ability of "language knowledge and language expression" from the perspective of sentence application. Since entering the experimental field of college entrance examination in 2000, sentence imitation has become a hot spot and is favored by college entrance examination proposers. Because it not only examines candidates' language expression ability and practical operation ability, but also has strong comprehensiveness, involving grammar, rhetoric, logic and many other aspects, and even involves the ability to filter, integrate and reasonably infer information based on existing information. The content of the examination is also rich and colorful, and the forms of the examination are varied, involving couplets, poems, news and many other fields, with a strong humanistic color. So what is sentence parody? The so-called parody refers to the creation of one or more sentence patterns related to the context and other sentences with the same content according to the needs of language expression in a certain context. The following author makes a concrete analysis from the following aspects: First, the common question type of sentence imitation is 1. As a literary genre, antithetical couplets have a long history, various forms and appeal to both refined and popular tastes. Asking questions about life, celebrating weddings or birthdays, seeing people off and getting a dinner, satirizing people to thank God, or expressing their wishes and feelings are almost everywhere. In 2004, the problem of checking couplets appeared in the college entrance examination, which opened the prelude to the couplets of the college entrance examination in New China. Couplets not only require the same structure and number of words between the upper and lower couplets, but also have relative parts of speech, levels and contents. Therefore, the first half of the script is given and the second half is written, which is a strict imitation. For example: (1) The following is the first couplet of a couplet written by Lin Zexu when he was seven years old. Please write the second couplet according to the first couplet to show that others are small but ambitious but full of gas. Part I: The sea is boundless, and the sky is the shore; Bottom line: —————————. Analysis: This is a good question to understand and master traditional cultural couplets. Investigate the knowledge of couplets and the content of parody. To answer this question, we should strictly follow the knowledge requirements of couplets: equal number of words, relative parts of speech, relative parallelism, semantic correlation and so on. Reference answer: I am the peak of the mountain. (2) In the Spring Festival Gala in 2005, a series of wonderful couplets made people shine, making the party more colorful. The following is the couplet given when the New Year bell rings. Please make the next couplet according to the relevant knowledge of couplets. The first part: Up and down for five thousand years, happy in times of peace and prosperity, listening to the bells, drinking Fuxing wine in all directions; Bottom line: ——————————— Reference answer: Wan Li and splendid china create the future, watch the dragons and lions flourish and sing songs all over the world. 2. Poetic parody, as an excellent traditional culture in China, has the characteristics of implication and conciseness, and it is catchy and inspiring to read. As the saying goes, you can recite 300 Tang poems by heart even if you can't write them. Now many poems are interpreted, parodied and teased. For example, "this morning in spring, I woke up easily. There were mosquito bites and dichlorvos everywhere. I don't know how many." Is an example. As a national examination, the college entrance examination is of course serious. However, it is a good idea to provide a poem for candidates to imitate. Poetic parody is a good form. An example of this test is a complete poem. The content of this poem is closely linked and has a strong internal connection. There are also rhetorical requirements. This testing method began in 2002 and was tested in many provinces in 2004. In 2005, I took the Spring Recruitment Examination in Beijing and the Senior High School Entrance Examination in Jiangsu in 2005. It can be seen that its vitality is strong. For example: (1) Write another set of sentences according to the following figurative form. Need to choose a new ontology and a carrier with complete meaning. Life is a cup of tea. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— (2) The following is a poem praising the teacher. Please choose another person to praise and write a short poem in its form. A piece of chalk, ——————————————— Draw a maze of knowledge kingdom. ——————————————— A blackboard, and write down the teacher's infinite affection. ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— A platform, reflecting the hardships of teachers. ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— A straw hat covered countless storms; A field, soaked with crystal sweat; A crop aroused people's hope for the future. 3. Proposition imitation Proposition imitation is to first set up a language material, give example sentences, and then determine what to write in another proposition, asking candidates to imitate writing. For example: (1) Please follow the example below and choose two explanations from the three words "TV", "book" and "magnifying glass". Ice: a kind of beautiful jade that cannot but be questioned by the sun. Epidemic: a disease with strong social skills and no prejudice against anyone. (1) TV: ——————————— (2) Book :——————————————————— (3) Magnifier :—————. From the content, it is refreshing to use reverse thinking to explain, criticize or affirm familiar things from another angle. Then imitation should also be written like this. Reference answer: TV: the telescope of the frog in the well. Book: the key to human wisdom. Magnifier: In my eyes, a sesame seed is a watermelon. (2) Take "smile" or "mind" as the noumenon, and write a figurative sentence according to the following example. For example, the eyes are like a peaceful land with bottomless tranquility. Not gorgeous, not vulgar; No joy, no sorrow. Smile: —————————————— Analysis: According to. Without x, there is no x; No x, no x "Write a figurative sentence. A smile is like a delicate bud, which contains warm and sincere feelings. Not strong, not weak; Not rigid, not flattering. The mind is like a clear pool, full of endless tolerance. Not arrogant, not humble; No joy, no sorrow. 4. Continue to write one or more sentences according to the content and sentence patterns of the examples. For example: (1) According to the context, give two more examples. The sentence patterns are the same as the examples. With diligence, he achieved the story of Confucius' "Bian Wei's Three Wonders" and won the reputation of one of the top ten celebrities in the world cultural history. ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Analysis: This topic should be continued according to the context and sentence patterns, and both the content and the form should be taken into account. Examples of continuity cannot be made up at will. Those who succeed because of "diligence" must write two parallel clauses composed of "talent", and the clauses should be closely related. Reference answer: Where there is diligence, there is Zu Ti's beautiful talk of "smelling chickens and dancing", and there is also the great cause of exerting one's talents and serving the country in the Northern Expedition; With diligence, Cao Xueqin's feat of "studying for ten years and adding and deleting five times" and the immortal masterpiece Dream of Red Mansions in the history of world literature came into being. (2) imitate the underlined sentences below and continue to write a sentence to express the feelings of missing one's hometown or relatives. China's classical poems are rich in connotation, which can arouse people's association and imagination. "The flowers on the riverside are more fiery at sunrise, and the riverside is as green as blue in spring", reciting a well-known poem. When the motherland returns to the earth in spring, who is not proud of its colorful face? ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Analysis: In underlined sentences, Write in strict accordance with this requirement when copying. Reference answer: "Looking up, I found it was moonlight, and then sinking, and I suddenly remembered home." After reading this beautiful and moving poem, which wanderer doesn't want to fly back to his hometown? 5 Embedding the sentences written by imitation in the middle of the provided materials will generally limit the thinking space of sentence expression, and it is required to be properly matched with the sentences before and after, and the sentence pattern should be the same as the sentences before and after. For example, (1) imitates the language form of underlined sentences in the text and fills in relevant sentences on the horizontal lines. Cherish reading, read like a song, and burst into tears; Cherish reading, ——————————————; Cherish reading, reading like poetry, full of profound meaning; Cherish reading, ——————————————————————————————————. Analysis: according to the above sentence patterns, write a figurative sentence and form a parallelism sentence with the context. Reference answer: reading is like a glass of wine. Being drunk will make you laugh. Reading is like a cup of tea, and the fragrance is overflowing. (2) According to the following text, fill in appropriate sentences at the horizontal line to form a compound sentence that echoes before and after. Baiyun is so eulogized because it is pure and colorful; The reason why the mountain is admired is because it is towering and straight; ————————,—————————; ————————,—————————; ————————,—————————; Mother-my dear mother, your love is white clouds, mountains, land, rivers and the sea. Analysis: it is necessary to form a parallelism sentence with the preceding and following sentences. According to the context, the middle sentence should be filled in with "land, river and sea" The format we should use is "xx ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××× The sea is desirable because it is big and deep. 6. Free imitation in the first case: no language materials are provided, only content or form is required, and the content or form of written sentences is implied in the respondent's past reading vision. For example: (1) Please draw up a public service advertisement with the content "Speak Mandarin". The requirements are clear-cut, sincere, novel and concise. (between 10-20 words) (The national test paper is used in Shandong, Anhui, Henan, Hebei and other places) Analysis: This test is limited only in content, not in form. In fact, formal restrictions have been included in the requirements. Because most public service advertisements require catchy, rhyming and lasting appeal, they can be carried out in pairs. . For example, dual rhetoric can make advertising words short and pithy. For example, you can speak Mandarin, and "bosom friends" are all over China. You can also use puns, such as:' bosom friend' is more intimate-pay attention to your language. The "confidant" here is a homophonic pun, which is very appropriate. In addition, rhetorical devices such as personification, contrast and metaphor can be used to make advertising words friendly and infectious. Reference answer: I can speak Mandarin, and I have close friends all over China. In the second case, only the form of example sentences is provided, and the imitation content is not restricted. For example, if I were a grass, I would add a touch of spring to nature; If I were a bird, I would sing a sweet song for the times. Analysis: This question has no content. In fact, it is to make a sentence with "if ……". When imitating writing, the expression space of sentences is very broad, which can be people, things or things. Reference answer: if I were a clear spring, I would bring some sweetness to the world; If I were a paintbrush, I would paint a beautiful picture for my life. If I were a bee, I would brew the sweetness of my life. If life is compared to an expedition, then home is a comfortable carriage (home is a quiet alley or home is an eternal post station). If life is compared to a wandering, then home is a boat (home is the eternal shore). 2. The sentence imitates "four requirements and four precautions" 1. The topic should be "from beginning to end" to prevent deviation from the topic halfway. Theme is the central theme given by the stated object or paragraph specified in the index question. When imitating writing, we must take the object of the statement as the subject or imitate writing according to the given central theme. Otherwise, changing hands halfway will digress. For example: (1) Below the horizontal line, continue to write sentences according to the sentences provided. The painter draws a flower and a branch alone, in order to leave some space for the viewer to think; Musicians play cadence, sometimes "silence is better than sound", leaving it to the audience to enjoy; Poets write poems, —————————————————————————; The teacher lectures, ————————————————————————————————. Reference answer: when a poet writes a poem, he pays attention to the meaning, and the meaning is endless, so that readers can appreciate it themselves; The teacher's lecture is concise, deliberately cited but not delivered, leaving room for students to think. Wrong example: poets write poems with vivid feelings, so that readers are immersed in the scene; Teachers give lectures, follow the trend, and make students sit in the spring breeze. Analysis: In a given example, "painter painting flowers", "leaving room", "musician playing" and "silence is better than sound" all embody the art of blank space in painting and performance, which is also the theme of the example, so "poet writing poems" and "teacher giving lectures" should also follow this theme, that is, it embodies the art of blank space in "writing poems" and "giving lectures" 2. Rhetoric should be "painted with gourd ladle" to prevent improper use and distortion. " Correct use of common rhetorical devices "is the requirement of the examination syllabus for rhetoric examination." Imitating sentences is to examine rhetoric in "application". It has a good guiding role in improving students' Chinese level. Therefore, before parody, it is necessary to analyze the figures of speech used in a given example, whether it is metaphor or analogy, metonymy or exaggeration, duality or parallelism and so on. , must realize and strictly abide by. For example, imitate the following two figurative sentences, starting with "Beijing", and write two figurative sentences with the same sentence. Books are like a ladder, which can lead us to the temple of knowledge. Books are like a key, which will help us open the window of wisdom in our hearts. Beijing: ——————————————————————————————— Beijing is like a window, which can let the world know about the reform and opening-up China. Wrong example: Beijing is like a mother, making hundreds of millions of China people feel warm. Beijing is like a wonderful picture, which people can't appreciate enough. Analysis: In the given example, figures of speech are used, which are two parallel figurative sentences. When doing the problem, you should be good at association and metaphor. The analogy of the wrong question is not comparable, so it is not satisfactory. 3. Structurally, we should "follow the rules" to prevent blind and random structural differences. A basic requirement of imitating sentences is to be similar, that is, to have a unified structure. When imitating writing, we should make clear the sentence structure, whether it is a declarative sentence or an interrogative sentence, an imperative sentence or an exclamatory sentence, a routine or a variant, and so on. It is also necessary to make clear the semantic relationship within the sentence, whether it is causal or hypothetical, whether it is a turning or progressive relationship, whether it is a parallel relationship or a total score relationship, and so on. , must meet the requirements. For example, write anything according to the format of example sentences. Chalk crumbs are floating around the teacher. No, it's not chalk crumbs, it's a flower of wisdom sown by the teacher. Imitation: ————————————— Reference answer: There is a blackboard in front of the classroom. No, it's not a blackboard. This is a fertile ground for teachers to sow knowledge. The black sky is studded with stars. No, not the stars. That's the look in the mother's eyes when she expects her child to come home. Wrong example: my father's forehead was dripping with sweat. Oh, that's very difficult. Isn't that a testimony to my father's efforts? Analysis: First, we analyze the sentence features of the following examples: "things+negation+imagination", and the last clause is figurative and symbolic. Wrong examples have no negative form, the latter clauses have no figurative form, the latter clauses have declarative tone, and the wrong examples have rhetorical tone. Therefore, it is not satisfactory. 4. The content should be "let a hundred flowers blossom" to prevent low-level tastes from being low. The parody advocates "letting a hundred flowers blossom" in content, but it should have a high level of conception, a certain charm and interest, and be philosophical and enlightening. Prevent low taste and low style. For example, rewrite two sentences in the form of example sentences. Money can buy delicious food, but not a good appetite; You can buy all kinds of books, but you can't buy real knowledge. Imitation: ————————————————— Reference answer: Money can buy gorgeous roses, but it can't buy love; You can buy precious greeting cards, but you can't buy real friendship. Money can buy beautiful high heels, but it can't buy a tall and straight figure; You can buy good medicine, but you can't buy healthy body. Example: money can buy beautiful women, but it can't buy hearts; You can buy books, but you can't buy happiness. Money can buy luxury villas, but you can't buy a warm home. You can buy a beautiful wife, but you can't buy true love. Analysis: the format of the given example sentence is "you can buy it". Although the wrong example sentence has the same format and the internal relationship between clauses, the whole sentence has a low-style conception. Does not meet the requirements. Three. Review the real questions in 2005 1. According to the upper couplet of the following couplet, make the lower couplet and draw up the appropriate horizontal batch. (4 points) (Fujian Volume, 2005) Part I: Great Achievements of Civil and Military Construction of Chinese Children Part II: —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 2. Choose one of "gravel", "star" and "candle" to imitate the stream below. (5 points) (Jiangsu Volume 2005) There are no rushing waves in the stream. —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Requirements: the two sentences should be consistent, which is equal to the sentence pattern of the example, and the rhetorical method of the second sentence should be the same as that of the latter sentence. (4 points) (Shandong Volume, 2005) Example: Caring is a look and gives a silent blessing. Caring is a kind of spring breeze, which gives people physical and mental comfort. Imitation: —————————————— 4. Write another set of sentences according to the following figurative form. It is required to choose a new ontology and a vehicle with complete meaning (it is not required to have the same number of words as the original sentence). (6 points) (Guangdong Volume 2005) For example, the mind of a wise man is a deep spring, from which there may be little water, but the water drops are crystal clear; Mediocre extravagant talk is a shallow ditch, from which a lot of water may flow, but it is muddy. Spoof: ———————————————————————————————— (2 points) (Tianjin Volume, 2005) Example: lively parody: —————————————————————————————. Requirements: Name two common expressions with the word "semi" and briefly explain the understanding contained in them. (4 points) (Beijing Volume 2005) The word "semi" is a very common word, but in daily life, the clever use of the word "semi" can express many reasons and interests. For example, "Those who walk a hundred miles are half ninety" is intended to remind people that the last persistence is particularly important. Another example: ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— There will be a class meeting with the theme of "Stay away from drugs". Please write two sentences on the blackboard to highlight the theme and create an atmosphere. Each sentence is required to be no less than 7 words, the number of words in two sentences is equal, and the sentence structure is roughly the same. (6 points) (2005 National College Entrance Examination Volume 1) Answer: ——————————————————————————————————————————————— (6 points) Horizontal approval: revitalizing China; 2. Gravel candles do not have the rainbow-like momentum of the Great Wall, the dazzling light of the sun, the lofty loftiness of Mount Tai and the soft silver light of the moon, but their unyielding beating in the dark is your post and your sublimated life. 3. Caring is a greeting, which gives people the warmth of spring. Concern is a spring rain that moistens people's hearts. Advice when least heeded is like Chinese medicine plus coptis root. Although it is difficult to swallow, it is the right medicine; Flattery honey is like nectar with poison. Although it is sweet and delicious, it is chronically poisoned. 5. Prosperity, ease and comfort. 6. Another example is "Women hold up half the sky", which is intended to show the social recognition of women's roles and the self-confidence and self-improvement of lesbians. Another example is "hiding half love for children", which means that parents really know how to love their children. 7.( 1) Swallowing drugs in one gulp will bring happiness. (2) Keep drugs away from yourself and keep health for life. (3) Stay away from hateful drugs and cherish precious life. (4) Take action to defend youth, refuse drugs and stay away from harm. 8. Teachers and students know each other very well. Deep in the ocean, you and I have been friends for a long time. 4. Simulated training ground: 1.05. The Spring Festival Gala in 2005, one after another, made people shine and made the party more beautiful. The following is the couplet of Guangdong and Guangxi, which is attached to Guangdong. Please make the bottom couplet of Guangxi according to the relevant knowledge of couplets. Guangdong Shanglian: The South China Sea is clear and tells the story of spring; Guangxi bottom allied: —————————————. 2. Complete the following sentences in double form. (The number of words added to each sentence is not less than 4 words, and there is no limit to more. ) —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Bud Bud's Young Smile ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Take "charm" as an example to write another paragraph. Grace is Zhuge Liang's calm piano sound in an empty city, and grace is Premier Zhou's calm reply in diplomacy last week. Etiquette is the etiquette that the master of ceremonies should have, and etiquette is the elegant dance steps of the model; Grace is Chaplin's humor and grace is Wang Xizhi's running script. Answer: —————————————— 2. The surging Yellow River leaps forward and nurtures Chinese children. The towering Mount Tai stands tall and bears witness to the vicissitudes of the world. 3. A drop of spring rain becomes two petals, one holding up the cradle of life, a pair of small hands embracing spring, and a pair of wings flying to tomorrow. 4, family small collective, collective big family, taste the ups and downs of life. The classroom is a small world, and the world is a big classroom. 5. The charm is the light of Beidou in the dark, and the charm is the fragrance of red plum in the snow; Charm is a pole bent on Jinggangshan Mountain in Zhu De, and charm is a silver gun on the battlefield of Yue Fei's resistance to gold. The verve is Fan Zhongyan's "The Story of Yueyang Tower"-worrying about the world first, and the verve is that Mao Zedong on the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River sang loudly that "the goddess should be safe and sound, and should be a wonder of the world". (Published in ExaminationNo. 1 1 in 2005 and Examination Newspaper).