Let's analyze a few examples.
(a), homesick.
Li Bai's "Seeing Friends Off at Jingmen Ferry" describes the poet's experience and feelings of "leaving his relatives for a long journey" and going out of Shu with his sword.
"Sail from Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with people in the south.
At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness.
The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces.
The water brings you the feeling of home and makes your boat travel 300 miles. "
The first six sentences describe the distant view and close view of boats on the river, focusing on the magnificent natural scenery of Jingchu ancient country, while the last two sentences express the yearning for hometown. From "carrying Liu Jia at the age of five" to Jingmen at the age of twenty-five, the poet has been living in Sichuan. He studied in Daitian Mountain, visited Emei and lived in seclusion in Qingcheng Mountain. He has deep feelings for the mountains and rivers of Shu. How can you not be reluctant to part with him for the first time? However, the poet did not say that he missed his hometown, but that the water in his hometown could not bear to part with him. Wan Li sent him away, so he put pen to paper from the opposite side, showing his homesickness all the more. With the word "Shang", the charm is long. Originally, the poet put the boat down to the east, with mountains and green waters, blue sky and white clouds all the way, but when he left Jingmen, the mountain was gentle and his vision was wide. In contrast, it can be seen that the "hometown water" is as deep as ever.
2. Thinking of brothers.
Wang Wei's Memories of Jiuri Mountain's East Brothers in September expresses his homesickness for his relatives in a foreign land.
"A stranger in a foreign land misses his family on holidays.
When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me. "
The first two sentences are straightforward, and the loneliness of wandering in a foreign land is used to set off the anxiety and sincerity of missing relatives during the festival. Don't detour, go straight to the point, form a climax, and have epigrams. This kind of writing often makes the last two sentences unsustainable, resulting in insufficient stamina. However, the author of three or four sentences traveled through time and space, and put pen to paper opposite him, not writing about himself, but writing about his brothers, imagining their yearning for the poet when they climbed Chongyang Mountain. My brother, who is thousands of miles away, wears dogwood and climbs the mountain hand in hand, talking and laughing. He is very unhappy. Suddenly, they found that they were missing a brother-they were not among them. It seems that it is not a pity that they failed to celebrate the festival with their brothers in their hometown, but that the brothers failed to fully celebrate the festival. It seems that it is not worth saying that a person is a stranger in a foreign land, but the shortcomings of brothers need to be understood. This idea, full of twists and turns, is unnatural. Instead of thinking about others, it is more important to write about people thinking about themselves.
(3) Husband and wife thoughts.
Du Fu's Moonlit Night describes his deep thoughts for his wife and children in the years of war.
"In Fuzhou, far away, she was watching the moonlight, looking at it alone from the window of her room.
For our boys and girls, poor little baby, too young to know where the capital is.
Her cloudy hair is sweet with mist, and her jade-white shoulders are cold in the moonlight.
When did you stop crying when you looked at this bright light? ? "
The poet was trapped in the hands of Chang 'an rebels and missed his wife and daughter in Zhangzhou. What he is worried about is not that he has lost his freedom and his situation is uncertain, but how worried and worried his wife is about his situation. He is silently moved and writes songs for his wife and daughter. In the first couplet, the word "independence" vividly reflects the sadness of lovesickness in different places, while in the couplet, the word "independence" is used to describe the inexperience and naivety of the daughter, which reflects the unforgettable memory of the wife and echoes the word "independence" in the first couplet. The word "memory" spans time and space, linking the present and the past. Zhangzhou and Chang 'an are full of bitterness and anxiety. When the situation is turbulent and the war is raging, who can guarantee the separate safety of the wife and husband? The necklace further shows the bitterness of "remembering Chang 'an" through the image description of his wife enjoying the moon alone. The fog is wet and the clouds are thick, and the moon is cold and the jade arm is cold. The longer I look at the moon, the deeper I miss it, and I even worry about whether my husband is still alive. How can you not make people cry? The first three couples put pen to paper, their wives and daughters are all imaginary words of the poet. At the end, they expressed the poet's hope that the painful life of separating his wife and children would end as soon as possible, and that husband and wife and children could be happily reunited and enjoy family happiness. The whole poem sets off the poet's worries and worries about his wife and daughter by imagining that his wife is pregnant at full moon and his daughter is naive and ignorant. The pregnant Mid-Autumn Festival is saturated with the sadness that the world is separated.
(4) the thoughts of family members.
Bai Juyi's Winter Night Thinking of Handan's Home expresses a feeling of caring for others. "Every winter solstice in Handan, I am accompanied by the shadow in front of the lamp. Sit at home late at night and talk about travelers. " One or two sentences were written by the poet himself. In the cold winter, the nights are long and there are many people. The poet stays in the post office, sleepless all night, sitting on his lap, inseparable, and a feeling of sadness and loneliness comes to mind. The bleak picture sets off the poet's desire to miss his family. Another angle is the poet's imagination, not writing about himself and rewriting his family. Family members sit around the stove at night and haven't rested in the middle of the night. Just because "children are worried about thousands of miles away", a word "say" has no object and no content. People with travel experience can easily imagine how deep and bitter this yearning and concern is! There are four sentences in the whole poem. The last two sentences are about family members "talking about themselves", which is actually to show the yearning of "travelers" for "family members". Put pen to paper opposite, implicit and deep. In addition, Gao Shi's "New Year's Eve Works" also uses a negative pen to write about his family's thoughts, which also has the characteristics of short words and long feelings, which is intriguing. "The hotel is too cold to sleep. Why does the guest's heart become sad?" My hometown is thinking thousands of miles tonight, and it is another year of the Ming Dynasty. "Sad, sad, the mood is more painful than Bai Juyi's poems. On Farewell Poem Xue Tao's Farewell to Friends: The water country is frosty at night, the moonlight is cold, and the mountains are gray. Who says a thousand miles from today, just one dream? -short-range, meaning infinite, countless twists and turns. The first two sentences are about the night view of Biepu, which is particularly embarrassing in autumn. The scenery in front of us is awe-inspiring and cold. Here, I use Jianjia's poem to express a feeling that my friends are far away, but I don't think about it, which makes this poem have deep meaning. The seemingly relieved tone of the three sentences and the implied harm of the first two sentences constitute a tortuous path, which shows the persistence of acacia in discovering family ties. The dream of the last sentence is rare, and the twists and turns of the first sentence push the embarrassment to a climax. This kind of poeticization uses some famous idioms of predecessors, and has rich reading experience, and the poems are promoted layer by layer, deepening and deepening. It has the characteristics of subtle influence, which is opposite to quality and reality, but it is not contradictory to enrichment, which is intriguing.
Author: Half-monthly talk about youth submission date: 2010-04-0719: 33: 27
The so-called "writing on the other side" means that when the author expresses homesickness, he does not directly or indirectly express his yearning for the other side, but plays the lute and writes from the other side. In this way, the homesickness of the protagonist in the author's works is vivid, artistic and concrete. It not only deepened the feelings, but also strengthened the theme. Formally, some leading words such as "memory", "longing", "distant knowledge" and "distant pity" are often used to organize the whole article. To sum up, in the specific creative practice, there are two forms of writing: combining writing about yourself and writing about the other party can set each other off; You can also develop artistic ideas completely by imagining each other. These two forms have their own advantages and disadvantages, so it is difficult to distinguish them. Below, the author tries to give examples respectively. First, combining writing about yourself with writing about the other party will lead to mutual growth and mutual foil. This kind of writing can be said to originate from the Book of Songs? Nan Zhou? Curly ears. This poem expresses a woman's longing for her husband who served in a distant place. However, it focuses on describing the heroine's longing for her husband to trudge on the March. The meticulous portrayal shows the heroine's deep nostalgia and sadness for her husband. "Turn to Guan Sheng and copy the Song Dynasty." (Dai Junen's Comments on Reading Wind) There are two other poems in the Book of Songs, namely "Wind? Dongshan and Feng Wei? China also wrote it in this way. Dongshan describes a husband who comes home and misses his long-lost home and wife. Interestingly, in the third chapter of the poem, the poet changed the way of expressing his feelings directly, and in turn described his wife's nostalgia for himself: "The woman sighed in the room and swept the dome." I asked for it. "And on the woodpile, put two wedding anniversary gourds to show poison and death ... This writing will be fuller and more inviting. "After a Long Journey" is a story about a traveler who is far away from home. He climbed high and looked far, imagining the thoughts and hopes of his parents and brothers: he yearned for him and looked forward to his father. The father said, "Oh! Give the child a service, and there will be no night. Cautious, endless. " I look forward to my mother. Mom said, "Oh! In the service season, I can't sleep at night. I am cautious, I still have to give up. " I look forward to meeting my brother. The elder brother said, "Hey! After serving my brother, we will be together at night. Be careful, I am still alive. " To analyze this poem, we can borrow a passage from Wang Wufeng: "The love of the dutiful son in this poem is forward-looking, and his love for himself is imagined from looking forward, not his love for himself, but his love for himself; If you say you should be careful instead of being cautious, then you will benefit from taking care of your relatives and protecting your body. " Shen Deqian also commented: "After a long time, the dutiful son misses his parents. In the three paragraphs, I miss my parents and brothers, but I don't think about them. If I say it, my feelings will be shallow. I am deeply touched and speechless. " All the theories. The rich and colorful artistic expressions of The Book of Songs have inspired generations of poets, and this writing style is no exception. After Qin and Han Dynasties, many poets borrowed this writing method and put it into practice. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei wrote a famous poem "Thinking of Shandong Brothers in the Mountain Festival", in which he wrote: Being in a foreign land, I miss my relatives twice every holiday. When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me. The first two sentences of the poem directly describe the homesickness of the guests, but the last two sentences write their own "distant thoughts", as if it were not that they failed to spend the festival with their brothers in their hometown, but that the two brothers failed to reunite completely during the festival; It seems that it is not worth saying that a person is a stranger in a foreign land, but the shortcomings of brothers need to be more considerate. Unconventional, twists and turns, more profound and new police. Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, pushed this writing to the extreme. He has a famous poem "Klang Ganzhou": sprinkle rainy days on the river and wash the autumn clean. The bleak frost wind is tight, the river surface of the mountains and rivers is deserted, and the setting sun shines on the tall buildings. This is a decline in prosperity, not a decline in Ran Ran's prosperity. Only the gushing water of the Yangtze river flows eastward without sound. Without the heart to climb the distance and overlook the distant home, it is difficult to gather the desire to go home. Sighing where these years have gone, why do you have to stay in a strange land for a long time? I want beautiful women to dress up, miss a few times, and return home. Fight for me, lean on the dry place, I am worried! This word expresses the sadness of homesickness during the journey. The last movie is full of scenery, full of affection and thoughts of parting. The beauty of the next movie is that it not only writes "climb high and look far", but also imitates "think about it" Because of homesickness, the homesick wife must be looking forward to going home. She has been wandering outside for so long, she must have longed for it for a long time. The poet borrowed Xie Shu's phrase "A boat is known in the sky, and a river tree can be distinguished in the clouds" and created a vivid image to commemorate his wife. He imagined that she would always look at the returning sails in the distance of the dressing room, but repeatedly mistakenly thought that these ships were carrying her husband from afar. As the saying goes, "Qian Fan is not finished, the sunset is full of water, and Bai Pingzhou is heartbroken." Originally, the poet climbed the stairs alone, looking at the sky, but missed his hometown. He should also climb the stairs and expect the wanderer to return. Originally, I was worried by the fence, but starting from the other party's idea and starting from "fighting for me", I turned it into a virtual reality. It's really tortuous and ethereal, and I feel deeply. Liang Qichao once commented on this word: "Fei Qing's word' flowers in the front and back mirror, flowers on flowers' is quite similar." Indeed, this word means "beauty" and it is beautiful. Of course, there are many famous works that use this writing method, such as "Night Walk" by Gao Shi, a frontier poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty: "Why does the cold light in the hotel turn to sadness?" My hometown is thinking thousands of miles tonight, and it is another year of the Ming Dynasty. Bai Juyi, a poet in the mid-Tang Dynasty, once wrote "Night Thoughts on the Winter Solstice in Handan": "From the winter night to the sun in Handan, I am accompanied by the shadow in front of the lamp. If you want to sit at home late at night, you should also talk about travelers. "They all write the lonely and cold" Guest Heart "first, and then write it from the opposite side to express their deep feelings more elegantly and implicitly. It is indeed "more meaningful" (high evaluation). Wei Zhuang, a poet in the Southern Tang Dynasty, wrote "Huanxisha": "I miss you more every night, and I worry about the withered moon. I miss you. I'm cold. "Also fully implicitly expressed the poet's sadness, and inherited the Book of Songs? Dongshan, followed by Klang Ganzhou in Liu Yongzhi. Ouyang Xiu's "Walking on the Sand": "When the pavilions are fragrant with plum blossoms, the bridges are sparse with willows, and the grass is warm and swaying. Sadness is getting farther and farther away, and the distance is like spring water. Inch by inch, my heart is tender, my eyes are full of tears, and the height of the building is not close to the dangerous fence. At the end of the flat land, there is a spring mountain, and pedestrians are outside the spring mountain. " This word expresses the traveler's strong parting from sadness. The author not only wrote about the traveler, that is, the wanderer, who left home in early spring, but also imagined the resident, that is, the homesick woman, looking at the fence and missing the traveler. From the lyric point of view, it is also through a layer of opposition, put pen to paper, to convey the special feelings of wanderers and homesickness that have always been in my heart, thus making lyric more profound. Second, the whole article is purely from the other side's ideas to develop artistic ideas. The poet Du Fu is the best at using this method. When the poet was trapped in Chang 'an by the An Shi Rebellion, he wrote a poem "Moonlight Night": in Fuzhou, far away, she was watching the moonlight, watching it alone from the window of her room. For our boys and girls, poor little baby, too young to know where the capital is. Her cloudy hair is sweet with mist, and her jade-white shoulders are cold in the moonlight. When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? ? This is a lyric poem, expressing the author's yearning for Chang 'an's wife and children, which is not a general yearning. Du Fu, who is in prison, misses his loved ones on a moonlit night, and his sadness can be imagined. But the poet did not express his feelings directly, but pushed himself and others. Starting from his wife and children, at the beginning of the poem, he outlined a moving picture of his wife missing her husband with a cold and sad tone, creating a sad atmosphere. Think of his wife "looking at it alone from the window of her room" and "her turbid hair is misty, and her jade shoulders are cold on the moon. "It's too young to think about it again. I don't know where the capital is. Sons and daughters compare the poet's full love and long-term acacia with his wife's affection and children's childlike innocence. The whole poem expresses Du Fu's true feelings, which are true, but empty, set off by his wife and children. What wives and children think about themselves is imaginary, illusory, but true. This writing method, which combines reality with reality, integrates one's own feelings with those of his wife and children, which is even more touching. Every sentence is full of affection between husband and wife and touching. Xu Yinfang, a poet in A Qing, thinks that "poems like Shao Ling are' long-lasting'". The author thinks that this poem is more similar to the brushwork of Guan Shanyue written by Xu Ling in the Southern Dynasties, that is, "Thinking about women on high buildings, not sleeping in front of the window". Of course, it inherits the tradition of The Book of Songs and is more creative. Poets in the Southern Song Dynasty learn from Du Fengxing, so there are many poems close to the moonlit composition. For example, the fourth part of Ten Poems from Shihu to Tiaoxi at night, written by Jiang Kui, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, reads: "Thousands of lights are scattered, and children are homesick. This should be a sleepless night, and the small window is in the snuff. " It is also written purely from the opposite side. First, I was slightly touched by the pen of suspense, and then the poetic meaning of "snuff window", imagining the spring flowers at home, the pen is ethereal and wonderful. Zheng Hui, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote "The Wall between the Houses": "A dream fears the cold of spring, the door is covered with green, and the swallows are idle. Knocking down the Hosta, the red candle is cold, and it should be said that Changshan. " Through the description of his wife's homesickness, difficulty in falling asleep, and her husband's calculation of the itinerary during the journey, the poet's homesickness is shown in a tortuous way. Do you have both Du Fu's poems and the composition of the Book of Songs? The meaning of "curly ears". It is not difficult to see that no matter which style, "writing on the opposite side" can make up for the lack of direct expression of the mind, which is not only vivid and powerful, but also subtle and euphemistic, and endures people's chewing. It is a expressive technique with aftertaste and artistic conception. There are many reasons why this expression is favored by poets. First of all, affection and nostalgia will always be mellow in the hearts of the Chinese nation. If the expression is too straightforward, it will be boring. This kind of writing is completely in line with the principle of advocating implication in China's classical poems, and it has the realm of "saying nothing is romantic" and "climbing Taihang Mountain and bypassing the narrow intestine". Secondly, this kind of writing should be a foil in essence, which is more tortuous, artistic and infectious than the general foil. Third, in this kind of works, the subject and object miss each other, which is the reality and the basis of lyricism, which in turn is the most likely to cause * * * sound, so that readers can feel profound emotions and endless aftertaste. Finally, because there is a certain distance between the subject and the object of missing, if the object of missing moves from far to near, it will produce a trance and blurred scene, which is both poetic and picturesque. It can well reflect the aesthetic effect of "distance" (for example, Du Fu's description of his wife's "clouds are fragrant and foggy, jade shoulders are cold and the moon is cold" has a certain distance from reality, and Du Fu also described his wife's "wife has a hundred knots" and "wife's thin face is photographed" in the Northern Expedition written about the same time as this poem, but she is a thin man who is hungry and cold).
"antithesis" is a unique writing technique in ancient homesick poems. Originally, the poet was homesick for himself, but he put himself aside in his poems, wrote from the other side, imagined his thoughts on the other side, and expressed his deep affection euphemistically and implicitly. This method of "subject-object transformation" makes the author or the protagonist in his works feel nostalgic or homesick, which is vivid, artistic and concrete. It not only deepened the feelings, but also strengthened the theme. First, the other poet does not directly express his inner feelings, but writes from the other side, develops association and imagination, and the other side writes himself. On the surface, I write about myself, but actually I reflect myself through the other party. This is a way of writing, which makes it more affectionate and gives people endless aftertaste and reverie. This is the most common artistic expression of antithesis in poetry, and some leading words such as "memory", "longing", "distant knowledge" and "distant pity" are often used to structure the whole article. For example, Du Fu's Moonlit Night: In the distance of Fuzhou, she is watching the moonlight, watching it alone from the window of her room. For our boys and girls, poor little baby, too young to know where the capital is. Her cloudy hair is sweet with mist, and her jade-white shoulders are cold in the moonlight. When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? ? When talking about this poem, Pu Qilong, a Qing Dynasty man, said: "My heart is already there, and the poem flies from the opposite side." These two sentences highlight a special expression of this poem-"correct writing". In the fifteenth year of Tianbao, Du Fu was captured by An Shi Rebellion and sent to the occupied Chang 'an. At that time, his wife lived in Qiang village, Zhangzhou. The author yearns for the moon and misses home, and wrote this famous piece that will be told for generations. The beauty of this poem lies in writing from the other side (wife), which makes the meaning deeper. The first kind of association is like a wife missing herself: "boudoir" refers to the wife; Zhuan Xu uses "Chang 'an" to refer to himself who lives in Chang 'an; The necklace further conjectures that the wife has been staring at the moon for a long time in the case of deep night: the fog is wet and cloudy, and the moon is cold and jade arm; Couplets end with good wishes, which is meaningful. What is highly appreciated is the scene depicted in the necklace: the wife can't sleep at night, tossing and turning, sad and sad, and can't help crying. The author skillfully uses the "correct writing" to express the feelings of missing relatives and the sincere and profound love between husband and wife to the fullest. No wonder later generations called it "moonlit night": "At this point, there is no need to be sacred. "Another example is Wang Wei's" Mountain Holiday Thinking of Shandong Brothers ":Being in a foreign land, I miss my relatives twice every holiday. When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me. Throughout the ages, wandering wanderers and travelers in different places can have a strong * * * sound when reading this poem. This artistic power comes from its simple, profound and high artistic generalization, and also from its extraordinary "duality". The first two sentences are "direct writing", which makes "homesickness every holiday season" the best epigram to express guests' homesickness; In the last two sentences, the author adopted another way-"pair writing", and the style of writing suddenly became novel: conversely, he wrote about the situation that "brothers" missed themselves and the psychological activities of "missing someone" on this day, which set off the mood of missing brothers and made their feelings tortuous, rich and vivid. Second, the empathetic poet wanted to express his feelings for someone or something, but in concrete expression, he deliberately transferred his feelings to another person, thing or thing. On the surface, it is empathy, but in essence, the author cares more about this person, this matter and this thing, and his feelings are more real. This is another effect of "emotional multiplication". For example, Rong Yu's "Home to the Lake Pavilion": it is the Shumputei on the lake, and the wickers are separated. The oriole has known each other for a long time, and she wanted to stop crying four or five times. Some people say that "the transformation of subject and object" is a clever idea of this poem. Through personification, the author endows wicker rattan and oriole with human feelings, expresses their feelings through the scenery and empathizes with things. Through the description of wicker rattan and oriole, the author expressed his feelings of parting and skillfully expressed the poet's attachment to the pavilion on the lake. Another example is Li Bai's farewell to his friends at Jingmen Ferry: sail to Jingmen Ferry, and soon you will be with southerners. At the end of the mountain range and the beginning of the plain, the river winds through the wilderness. The moon rises like a mirror, and the sea clouds twinkle like palaces. The water brings you the feeling of home and makes your boat travel 300 miles. The poet "the moon in the water, the original painting is 300 miles" has deep feelings for the mountains and rivers in Sichuan, which is his hometown of growth. How could he not be attached for the first time? However, the poet did not say that he missed his hometown, but said that his hometown reluctantly sent "I" all the way, with deep affection. Writing from the opposite side makes you feel homesick. Third, the rebound of the pipa The ancients said: "The text is like looking at the mountains, not like peace. There is another phenomenon in poetry creation, that is, the poet wanted to express some kind of emotion, but he deliberately did the opposite when expressing it; Or the normal psychology of an abnormal person, deliberately writing from the opposite side, and expressing the poet's feelings by playing the pipa, which is actually a form of "positive writing". For example, Dai Fugu's "Floating Far Hall in Jiangyin": A bird's eye view of the great river flowing from Henggang, Wan Li is worried about floating far in front of the hall. The most bitter thing is that there is no mountain to cover your eyes. Huainan is the best in China. This poem describes the sadness and pain caused by the decline of the country when the author boarded Fuyuan Hall in Jiangyin and looked at the Central Plains. The most concentrated and strongest expression of the author's feelings in the poem is the sentence "The most bitter mountain hides eyes", which is also the most praised sentence. Here, the poet expressed his feelings through the mountains, and used the "positive pen" to break away from the ancient methods of "watching from the mountains" and "looking up to the distance", and found another way to play the lute: because there is no mountain cover, the land of the Central Plains is completely destroyed, and the panoramic view is beautiful and sad. Because there are no mountains, we can see through Wan Li with extreme eyes, which leads to "Wan Li worry". Through the contradictory psychology of watching, not watching and not being able to do it, the poet fully expressed the unforgettable feelings of extreme grief and indignation. Another example is Wei Zhuang's "Bodhisattva Man": Everyone says that Jiangnan is good, and tourists only enter Jiangnan and die in Jiangnan. Spring water is blue as the sky, and the painting boat listens to the rain. The women selling wine in Jiangnan restaurant are all very beautiful, and their arms exposed when selling wine are as white as snow. Don't go home when the light is not fading. It must be extremely sad to go home. The phrase "don't go back to your hometown before you get old" is used in the word, and the author writes "seemingly straight and awkward, seemingly reaching and depressed" with irony. Saying "no return to China" is actually because of the idea of returning to China. On the surface, I am very broad-minded, saying that I am not old, so I don't want to go back to my hometown, but it contains a feeling of depression for my hometown. Because the poet went to Shu to avoid chaos and suffered from chaos, the Central Plains was boiling, and he wanted to return. Therefore, the sentence "Don't go back to your hometown before you get old" cleverly depicts the poet's homesickness and homesickness in a specific historical environment, which can be used as a predicate, but it can't be meaningful. In addition, Song Dynasty's "Crossing the Han River": "The sound outside the ridge is broken, and the winter is repeated in spring. Now, near my village and meeting people, I dare not ask a question. "Writing homesickness is just the opposite. The closer I get to my hometown, the more afraid I am of asking and hearing bad news, so as to better express the author's homesickness. Lu You's Qiu Si: "Days are like idle years, and things are as big as drunken days. "Even if drunk, really can not drunk? The poet is just saying something contrary to his meaning, ostensibly expressing his feelings, but actually expressing his sadness that he can't serve his country and can't let go. Cen Can's "A Message from Du Fu, the secretariat of Zuo Fu": "This dynasty is a celestial dynasty, and nothing goes to the Three Treasures Hall, and there is almost no petition." With the same antithesis, it exposes and satirizes the whitewash of feudal rulers and expresses the poet's disappointment with the Tang Dynasty. It is not difficult to see that no matter which style, "writing on the opposite side" can make up for the lack of direct expression of the mind, which is not only vivid and powerful, but also subtle and euphemistic, and endures people's chewing. It is a expressive technique with aftertaste and artistic conception.
The so-called "Italian side" means writing from the side. There are three common situations: one is not to write the image itself, but to reflect it through people or things related to it, which can be called "taking pictures". For example, one of Wang Changling's Two Brothels: a white horse with a golden saddle and Huang Wu, the standard is 100,000 poplars. The young woman sitting on the roof sang A Zheng and saw the flying dust enter this chapter from a distance. The whole poem describes the image of a young general returning home in triumph, but there is not a word about the word "general" in the whole poem. Poets use profile description to describe the magnificence of their mounts, from Huang Wu to describe their status, from a hundred flags to describe their hordes, and from establishing rules to describe their palaces. There is not a word about the general in the whole poem, and there is not a word about the general, which is ingenious. The second situation is that people's activities are not written below, but the environment of people's activities is written. For example, Yang Jiong's "Join the Army": Xijing bonfire, my heart is uneven. Leaving the palace, the general will assume the command; Surrounding the enemy and attacking the city, the elite cavalry are extremely brave. The heavy snow darkened the color; The wind roared and the drums rang. I'd rather be a junior officer to fight for my country than a white-faced scholar who only engraved his chapter. The whole poem depicts the image of a patriotic young man who joined the army. The third part focuses on the expedition: heavy snow and dark weather eclipsed the colorful paintings on the military flag; The wind is blowing hard, and the wind is intertwined with the majestic drums. This couplet sets off a tough fighting atmosphere visually and audibly, and shows the hero's lofty aspirations from the side. The third situation is not to write about the feelings of the people below, but to write about the external objective scenery. For example, Liu Yuxi's "Stone City": the old country is surrounded by mountains, and the tide hits the empty city and returns to loneliness. On the east bank of Huaihe River, the ancient cold moon, midnight, peep at the old palace. The whole poem expresses the feeling of rise and fall, but this feeling is not directly expressed from the poetry population. Through mountains and rivers, tides, Huaihe River and the moon, the author skillfully shows the loneliness and loneliness that things are different and different. (4) The opposite person tried to write "I miss people", but wrote "People miss me". In order to measure others, he put himself in the other person's shoes and layered his emotions through virtual illusion. This is the technique of "reverse writing". Watching Du Fu's Moonlight Night: In Fuzhou, far away, she is watching the moonlight, watching it alone from the window of her room. For our boys and girls, poor little baby, too young to know where the capital is. Her cloudy hair is sweet with mist, and her jade-white shoulders are cold in the moonlight. When can we lie on the screen again and look at the bright light and stop crying? . In the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), the Anshi Rebellion captured Chang 'an. In July, Tang Suzong acceded to the throne in Lingwu. After Du Fu heard the news, he settled in Qiang Village of Zhangzhou and went to Su Zong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and imprisoned in Chang 'an. This poem was written at this time, expressing the poet's homesickness on a moonlit night. The poet did not write about his wife and children according to the conventional thinking, but put pen to paper from the opposite side and imagined the picture of his wife missing herself in a different place at this time. On a moonlit night in Zhangzhou, my wife looked at the moon alone, thinking about her distant husband and children, wondering why her mother looked at Chang 'an. The night is getting thicker and the light fog is getting up, soaking his wife's hair; Moonlight, like water, falls on the arm, giving birth to coolness. At this point, the poet can't help but sigh, when can I reunite with my wife and let the moonlight shine on the face that dries tears? The whole poem has a unique angle and is intriguing. "Putting pen to paper on the opposite side" is actually a common technique in ancient poetry. If you pay attention, you can find many things, such as Wang Wei's "We know where the brothers climb, but the dogwood is short of one person", Wang Changling's "Playing the Qiangdi Guan Shanyue is more important, and there is no Wan Li to worry about Mrs. Jin", and Liu Yong's "Think of beauty, dress up, miss a few times, and God knows how to return to the boat" and so on.