Recalling Three Poems of Jiangnan Ci
Tang Dynasty: Bai Juyi
The scenery in Jiangnan is very beautiful, and the picturesque scenery has long been familiar. When spring comes, the sun rises from the river, the flowers on the river are brighter than red, and the green river is greener than the blue grass. How can we make people not miss Jiangnan?
Jiang Nanyi, the most memorable is Hangzhou. Looking for laurel trees in Zhongshan Temple in the month, watching the tide on the pillow in the county pavilion. When will you come again?
Jiang Nanyi, followed by Wu Gong. Wu Yi cup of spring bamboo leaves, Wu Wa dance lotus drunk. We'll meet again sooner or later!
Translation and annotation
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How beautiful the scenery in Jiangnan is, the picturesque scenery has long been familiar. Spring is coming, and the sun rises from the river, making the flowers on the river brighter than the red ones, and the green river is greener than the blue grass. How can one not miss Jiangnan?
The memory of Jiangnan can best evoke the memory of Hangzhou, which is like a paradise: visit Lingyin Temple to find laurel trees, board the county pavilion, rest on it and enjoy the ebb and flow of Qiantang River. When can I go to play again?
Memories of Jiangnan, and then to Suzhou Wugong, drinking wine and spring bamboo leaves in Wugong, watching the singers in Wugong dance like charming hibiscus. I don't know when we will meet again.
To annotate ...
(1) Recalling Jiangnan: the name of Tang. The author wrote in the caption: "This song is also called' Xie Qiuniang', with five sentences each." According to Yuefu poems, "A man named" Looking at Jiangnan "in" Recalling Jiangnan "was renamed" Good Jiangnan "because of the white words." In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, it became a epigraph name. Jiangnan here mainly refers to Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
⑵ Familiarity (ān): Familiarity. The author has been to Jiangnan three times when he was young.
(3) River flowers: flowers by the river. I am talking about the waves in the river. Red is better than flame: bright red is better than flame.
(4) Green as blue: Green is greener than blue. For example, the usage is still "Yu", which means more than. Blue and blue grasses, whose leaves can be used to make blue-green dyes.
5. "Mountain Temple" sentence: The author's poem "Dongcheng Gui" notes: "It is said that there are laurels falling in Hangzhou Tianzhu Temple every Mid-Autumn Festival." Cinnamon, osmanthus fragrans. Song Liu Yong's poem "Watching the tide of the sea is better than the southeast" says: "Sanqiu has cinnamon, and there are lotus flowers in ten miles."
[6] County Pavilion: Suspected to refer to the East Building of Hangzhou. Look at the tide head: at the entrance of Qiantang River into the sea, there are two mountains facing each other like doors, and the water is trapped in them, which is extremely fierce and is a world-famous scenic spot.
(7) Wu Palace: refers to the official tile palace built by Fu Cha, the king of Wu, which is located on Lingyan Mountain in the southwest of Suzhou.
⑻ Bamboo leaves: wine name. That is, bamboo leaves. Also refers to wine. Selected Works and Seven Lives by Zhang Xie: "There are Wucheng in the south of Beijing, bamboo leaves in the north of Henan, floating ants and stars boiling, flying flowers and flies."
Wu Wa: It was originally a beautiful name of Wu. Mei Cheng's Selected Works of Seven Hair: "Shi Xian, Zheng Shu, Yang Wen, Duan Gan, Wu Wa, Zhang Lu and Fu Yu were subdued." This word refers to Wu's beauty. Drunk hibiscus: Describe the beauty of maiko.
⑽ Morning and evening: I still say when, when. Yan Zhitui's "Yan Jiaxun Wind Exercise" in the Northern Qi Dynasty: "Give a banquet and invite Party B as a guest; When Dan met B's son in court, he asked him, "Respect Hou, and look after the house sooner or later?" "
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The first song is "Memories of Jiangnan", covering Suzhou and Hangzhou and writing about spring scenery. The whole word is five sentences. When I opened my mouth, I praised "Jiangnan is good!" It is because of "good" that we should "remember". The phrase "I used to be familiar with the scenery" shows that the "good" scenery in Jiangnan is not what people say, but what I personally felt and experienced in those years, thus leaving an unforgettable memory in my own aesthetic consciousness. It not only implements the word "good", but also clarifies the word "memory". Next, he wrote down the scenery of the south of the Yangtze River in two words: "At sunrise, the river flowers win the fire, and in spring, the river is blue." "Sunrise" and "Spring is coming" have different meanings. Spring is full of flowers and very red; The red sun is brighter and redder. Here, the brightness of the color is improved because of the same hue baking and dyeing. The water by the river is green, and the red sun shines all over the river bank, making the green waves more sparkling. Here, the contrast of different tones enhances the uniqueness of colors. The author associates "flower" with "sun" in order to dye the same color; And "flower" and "river" are connected together, in order to set off different colors. The river is red, and the river is green. The two are background to each other. So the red one is redder, "Red is better than fire"; Green is greener, "green as blue".
Du Fu writes landscapes and is good at coloring. For example, the sentences such as "Jiang Bi birds are too white, blue and white mountains burn" ("quatrains"), "Two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky" are all picturesque. The technique of setting off different tones obviously plays an important role. Bai Juyi seems to be very interested in learning. Such as "The setting sun is burning red, and the clear sky is bluer than blue" (Qiu Si), "Spring grass is more like a dream when it is green, and it is close to Chang 'an when the waves are red at night" (titled Yueyang Tower), "Three hundred and ninety bridges with green waves east, west, north and south, and red pillars" (wandering on the third day of the first month) and other couplets are all brightly colored because of the use of foil techniques. As for the sentences of "sunrise" and "spring comes", we have made some innovations on the basis of learning from our predecessors: in the bright spring, we draw pigments from the first day, rivers, rivers, flames and green leaves, and alternately use the techniques of baking and dyeing, supplemented by appropriate metaphors, thus forming a broad picture. Not only colorful, dazzling; Moreover, it is rich in layers and resistant to association.
The word "Yi" in the title and the word "Lao Zeng" in the poem also show that this word has a more important layer: setting off the spring scenery in the north and south of the Yangtze River. The whole poem describes the "deja vu" spring scenery in Jiangnan with nostalgia. At this time, the author is in Luoyang. Compared with Jiangnan, the spring in Luoyang comes later. The author wrote in Luo Yang's "Wang Weidi" Seven Wonders Cloud: "Flowers are cold and lazy, birds are lazy, and horses are idle in the west. Where did you think before spring, wicker was powerless to Wei? "In the south of the Yangtze River, the rising sun rose, flowers blossomed and fire prevailed, but Luoyang was" cold and lazy ",and only the wicker on Wei Wangdi showed a little spring.
Flowers bloom later than Jiangnan, and the water is different. Luoyang has Luoshui and Yishui, not far from the Yellow River. But even if spring comes, the water can't be as green as the spring water in the south of the Yangtze River. Therefore, the author tried his best to recall the spring scenery in Jiangnan, and sincerely praised "Jiangnan is good". After writing down the beautiful scenery he once knew with flowers, he could not help but close the whole poem with the feeling of "I can't forget Jiangnan". This collection of works not only supports the Luoyang-born author's infinite admiration and nostalgia for the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also creates a long-lasting charm. Although the words are combined, the lingering feelings fly away, which naturally leads to the second and third songs.
The second word begins with "Jiang Nanyi, the most unforgettable thing is Hangzhou", and the first three words "Jiang Nanyi" are connected with the last three words "Recalling Jiangnan" of the first word to form the continuity of meaning. The last five words "Hangzhou is the most unforgettable" highlight the author's favorite Jiangnan city. If the first word is like Jiang Nanchun's intention and was written by a painter with a bird's eye view, then the second word is like a painting in autumn in Hangzhou.
The author loves the spring in the West Lake very much, but he doesn't write the spring in Hangzhou in his words, probably to avoid repeating the spring scenery written in the first word. He wrote the autumn in Hangzhou, the moon in Lingyin Temple and the tide in Qiantang River on the shelf. Two words can write two realms. The "Mountain Temple" of "Mountain Temple Looking for Laurel" refers to Lingyin Temple in the west of West Lake. There are many legends circulating in this ancient temple, some of which are covered with a myth: it is said that the osmanthus tree in Lingyin Temple fell from the moon palace. The author once enjoyed the moon in the temple, and the Mid-Autumn osmanthus fragrance made him unforgettable. Looking for laurels in the shadow of mountains, temples and the moon, I wrote about the beautiful environment and the activities of poets in it. However, the poet's memory of Hangzhou has another unforgettable realm. That is, "watch the tide on the pillow of the county pavilion." The tide in Qiantang River is a wonder of nature, which can reach tens of feet. So Bai Juyi wrote that he was lying in the pavilion of his county government, and he could see the tides with clouds and snow, which was very interesting. Watching the Tide on the Pillow in the County Pavilion sets off the stormy scenery with leisurely pen and ink, which is in sharp contrast with the quiet and hazy beauty realm of the previous sentence "Looking at the moon in the mountains and looking for the moon in the temple" and complements each other. Bai Juyi loves Hangzhou, so after he returned to the north, he had the desire to "revisit for a day".
The third poem is not as good as the first one or the second one in terms of ideology and art, and it is about singing and dancing life, so many anthologies are not introduced. In fact, writing is not entirely without merit. Although the first two words are also about people, they are mainly about scenery. The third song goes to Wu Palace, but it is mainly about people, kabuki in Suzhou and the poet himself. On the whole, the change of artistic conception makes the linking words appear rich and colorful.
Drink a cup of spring bamboo leaves. First of all, bamboo leaves are opposite to hibiscus in the next sentence. Secondly, "spring" is an adjective here. The so-called spring bamboo leaves do not necessarily refer to bamboo leaf green wine, but to wine that can bring spring. Bai Juyi said in another poem that "the bamboo leaves in the urn are ripe in spring". Many famous wines in the Tang Dynasty were named after the word Chun, and most literati loved wine. Bai Juyi should be no exception. Drinking Wu wine and watching "Wu Wa Shuang Dance" is like the dance of drunken hibiscus. "Tile" means beauty. At that time, it was called "Wa", and the house built for her by Fu Cha, the king of Wu, was called "Guanwa Palace". Bai Juyi wrote this poem because he was associated with this peerless beauty. The author is not a debauchery person. He enjoyed Wu Wa's singing and dancing very much and hoped to see the performance again. So when he returned to Luoyang, he said, "We will meet again sooner or later."
These three words, from now on, recall the past and recall Suzhou and Hangzhou from Luoyang. Today, yesterday, south and north, time and space span greatly. The first two sentences of each song are love stories of the past and the present. I am in Luoyang and am fascinated by Jiangnan. The middle two sentences of each song are infinitely affectionate memories of the most unforgettable past in Jiangnan. What about the conclusion? Then I went back to today, hoping that those beautiful memories would become a living reality one day. Therefore, the whole set of characters is only a few tens of crosses, but it attracts readers to enter the role from multiple levels, imagining various situations experienced by the protagonist past lives and experiencing various spiritual activities displayed by the protagonist past lives, thus gaining endless aesthetic enjoyment.
These three words, each with a beginning and an end, have certain independence; And there is an organic whole in the poem, which is coordinated before and after and runs through the context, showing the author's superb artistic skills in planning the layout of the article.