-On the Theme Implication of Feng Zhi's Poetry
Jin Yuan
(School of Humanities, Xi Xi Youshi University, Shaanxi 7 10065)
In China's modern poetry world with bright stars and talented people, Feng
The most striking thing is his ups and downs of creative trajectory and distribution.
Poetry with modern flavor has greatly promoted the modernization of China's poetry.
Process. If we say that modern poets in China are worthy of the times.
Singer, then Feng Zhi is the watcher of life. He recited in a poem.
He described the life of himself, others and groups and expressed his unique life.
Experience. 1929, Feng Zhi said in "Introduction to the North Tour and Others"
Some poems are "produced in my own garden", from which "I can smell"
Give a little earthy breath. "
[ 1]
As you can see here, Feng Zhi is right.
The conscious pursuit of the unique personality of poetry also shows that he is in the early stage of creation.
Have a "self"-an artistic personality different from others. Feng zhi
The most striking feature of his poems is the poetic theme of life existence, which is implicit.
Poetic thinking mode and independent poetic character, his creative practice is as follows.
How China's modern poetry maintains its independence in the contradiction struggle provides a pure
Jay's role model
Li Guangtian called Feng Zhi's sonnets "contemplative".
Poetry ".
[2]
General theorists will also pay attention to sonnets when they speak sonnets.
It means the poet's experience and meditation on life. This is undoubtedly positive.
It's true. However, Feng Zhi conveyed his life experience in his poems.
It doesn't start with a sonnet. In fact, since the last century,
This can be seen from his first poem "The Man in Green" written in the 1920s.
Signs. Someone analyzed this poem and said, "It seems that it has nothing to do with the life of the times."
Great contact, but it reflects one aspect of social life, that is
The social unrest at that time revealed the characteristics of the whole era.
Thus indirectly and tortuous attacked the shortcomings of the society at that time. "
[3]
such
Although the analysis is not unreasonable, it is only from the general social level.
The result of the exam. In fact, in addition to the general social significance, Feng Zhi's
Poetry also conveys a profound experience of the impermanence of fate and the difficulty of life.
This kind of experience permeates poetry and has a far-reaching influence on readers.
It is greater than the so-called reflection of the characteristics of the times and the fight against social abuses.
Yes Feng Zhi realized the absence of the world from the early death of two mothers.
Many times, I realize how hard life is from the hardships at home. This right
The profound experience of life can be said to have penetrated into his bone marrow.
Only after he met the postman in green would he have that idea. this
This poem is about the specific situation of the green man delivering letters and his inner experience.
The product of merger and collision. Biography of Life Experience in Feng Zhi's First Poem
There is a close relationship between his poetry creation and his life experience.
Two poems, Song of Yesterday, Journey to the North and others, mainly
It is a theme about youth and love, some of which are related to reality.
Poetry notes. But in these works, almost all of them are permeated with his opposition.
The experience of life, or the experience of life, is hidden in his early poems.
Theme.
Feng Zhi wrote the most about love in his early poems. Except "Under the Moon"
Like several other articles in Song Dynasty, love is doomed to have no knot in poetry.
Fruit, but the lyric hero loves people with hopeless love.
Insist. Therefore, his love poems are often full of strong feelings.
Sentimental mood. Feng Zhi's love poems are not only about love.
Yearning and pursuing, but expressing their love by expressing their love.
Experience of love.
Snake is one of Feng Zhi's representative works and a well-known song.
The love story of a famous mouth. The metaphor of snake is strange and rare. common
Critics agree that this poem conveys the love of the lyric hero for the object.
Love and admiration. But this poem and the general expression of love.
Love poetry is different: it is in a very appropriate metaphor and strange imagination.
Suddenly, I fell into the unique loneliness when I fell into the whirlpool of love.
And a profound experience. Feng Zhi's view on loneliness is contradictory and complicated.
Attitude, on the one hand, I feel lonely and want to get rid of it; the other/opposite side
I feel that in the loneliness without any partner, only loneliness is tense.
With loneliness, it shows its loyalty, so it is more like a loyalty.
Sincere partner. So I have a close feeling about loneliness. So poetry
There is also a subtle emotional tendency towards "snake", which is a metaphor of loneliness.
Small change. At first, it was because of unbearable loneliness, and it was difficult to get rid of loneliness.
It is as terrible as a long snake that haunts its owner, when it realizes that in addition to
After being accompanied by nothing but loneliness, I regard it as the most loyal.
Sincere partner, but the poet doesn't really want to, this is from the bottom of my heart.
Take "snake" as the most loyal partner. He just wants him to
Do me a favor. Go and realize a girl's dream. Lonely experience layer in poetry
Deep layer: the first layer, I feel lonely; The second floor, never unbearable.
Feeling his loyalty is a deeper and more lasting experience in loneliness; sequence
The third floor, even if loyal, can only act as an envoy, because it is not.
Can replace a girl's dream. The three layers are progressive in turn, forming a whole.
Small closed circle. The poet's passionate love for himself in Snake.
Behind the conversation, he conveyed his lonely and complicated emotional experience.
I am a small river, and I am late. What can make you happy?
Poems such as Xi and Bridge all express the poet's sincere love. but
This sincerity, because it can't be rewarded, has fallen into a desperate struggle.
If unrequited love hurts the poet's heart.
Yes, well, the love in return makes the poet feel a kind of
More complicated emotional experience. Night in the South is called "Wind".
A masterpiece of poetry in the 1920s. "
[4]
. On the one hand, it is because of the northern lakeside.
Swallow, thinking of swallows, reeds and palm trees in the south lake.
On the other hand, I think of the white bear in the cold zone from the big bear star and the white in front of me.
The two sets of images are cold at the thought of the snow that has not melted yet.
In sharp contrast, enthusiasm implies that both sides of love are positive in mentality.
Negative differences. Whether the poet's experience of this subtle difference in mentality is right or wrong.
Often delicate and profound.
The emotions in Feng Zhi's love poems don't just stay in his life.
On the level of life experience, it obviously surpassed his real life.
Experience has more metaphysical or abstract nature. In subtle and profound
The profound experience of life permeated his metaphysical thinking about love.
The poet's love is sincere and unconditional, and the lover is in his heart.
"God". When his love is not reciprocated, he does nothing but for himself.
I am very sad and disappointed. My ideal has not been realized, but it is also the most sincere love.
I am deeply sorry that I can't have a good home. This kind of regret,
Not only for himself, but also for a love supremacist
I feel sorry for my incomplete feelings. In the "question", he finally asked him.
Loved people, "You love me, what? /She can't answer,-/
Tears hidden by happiness flow out together! /May is beside them.
There are not any roses. Residual wine: "God gave us,
/Only this glass of wine! /Such a glass of wine. /I don't know how to cherish.
-/Walking past a girl,/I gave it to her to drink; /She also
I've never seen it,/but I spilled a lot of wine! /I have to add water,/
I don't know how many times I added it! ‖ Have pity on my glass of wine! /a cup
The residue of wine! /those virgin eyebrows,/what a strong cup
Spilled wine! /I'm really a little shy,/I know my wine.
There is not much wine left. /-I still can't. /Take this cup.
Freshwater wine,/sent to their blushing lips,/invited them to taste.
Have a taste! "When the poet is full of sincerity and hope, he is ready to dedicate himself to his lover.
Cut time, but don't accept it. Although unwilling to give up, but still continue to pursue.
Enthusiasm is due to the first effort and the shadow of rejection.
Gradually recede. In this way, when the lover is disheartened and exhausted by the poet.
When you are exhausted, you realize the value of each other's love, and it is too late to change your mind, so let
People have a heart-wrenching pain. Because he not only pursues the ending of the ending.
Enrichment, hope to give and get, is the highest love.
However, he had to fall into a paradox: the ending must be perfect.
However, the price is the decline of emotional quality. Just like the cup for aunt.
The bitch brought the strongest wine, but no one saw it.
The poet's persistence made him send wine to his blushing lips again and again.
Edge ",until someone tasted it. But the most painful thing is in his view.
It's not that no one has tasted his wine for a long time, but that he wants to do it again and again.
Add water. He doesn't want to see girls accept his love, "by their side.
There are no roses. "It is tragic to say that love is not allowed.
Words, then, get the expected sweetness of love that can't be experienced, then
It must be a more painful and desperate tragedy. These two poems may be correct.
Is to tell readers such an experience and thinking about love.
The poet's tragic experience and reflection on love are also his three major narratives.
The themes of the poems are The Pied Piper's Story, The Curtain and Silkworm Horse.
The superficial themes of Feng Zhi's early poems include loneliness and loneliness besides love.
Death theme. There are many symbols of lonely wanderers in his poems.
Image. Such as a "ship" swaying in the wind and waves (referred to as "ship"),
The "lone cloud" floating from the northern city symbolizes.
The loneliness of life and the fate of vagrants on windy nights (wind
Night), the blind man walking in the dark forest lane during the day (the darkness of the blind man)
These images permeated the poet's unique experience of loneliness.
In the poem "I can't stand it", the poet wants to get understanding.
And communication, but people refused him, here is a kind of communication.
The experience of absolute loneliness brought by the impossibility of flow. This kind of experience
With some propositions of existentialism, such as living in the world is lonely, it has been
After reaching the unconscious agreement.
Feng Zhi learned about the girl's cousin and aunt from the "death" of her white-haired grandmother.
"Death", especially the "death" of middle-aged mothers, experienced death in advance.
The impact and pressure of death on strangers. This inspired him to think about death and life.
Thinking. In a letter to his good friend Yang Hui, he wrote.
Poetry: "In the dim light,/Try to laugh-/Yesterday."
The youth of that year,/the dead mother,/will never come back. "
[5]
In the grief of losing my mother, there is an experience that death is one of them.
No way back, the dead are gone. Mid-Autumn Festival
There is a line in the poem: "Life and death are the same secret,/a secret."
A dense ring holds them together; /I'm in this secret ring,/
What should be solved can't be solved and can't run out. "The poet has no feeling about death.
Dharma fully understands its meaning and feels that it cannot escape death.
The strange circle of harmony and life. Here, the theme of death is no longer family.
Funeral calendar, and with a strong metaphysical color.
In the later stage of the first creative stage, the poet began to start from the whole life.
Think about the meaning of life and the essence of human existence at the physical level. such
Thinking is mainly reflected in his long poem "A Journey to the North": "In a hurry.
Come, hurry, nothing can be decided./Come, hurry.
A hurried, hurried life. "("in the car ")" I'm so vain.
Weakness,/Where is my life journey? "("Park ") If this
A few words still focus on the sensibility and direct experience of life, then
Yao has the following poem: "I look at the quiet river and ask myself:
/How many times has the flame of my life burned? /After several burns
Have you ever been burned all over your body? /Have you had it in twenty years?
Live a really happy life? /Can you survive deep depression? /g increase
Have you defined your life/a policy in an instant? /Really.
Read a book carefully? Can I really see the sun, the moon and the stars once? /bully
Deceive yourself, do I really know who I am?
People? "(Mid-Autumn Festival) Here is a complete meditation on my life process.
After introspection and questioning.
After nearly ten years of silence, the poet finally died in the winter of 194 1.
Kunming ushered in the second climax of his poetry creation.
The result of this work is 27 sonnets in the sonnet collection. surname
In the preface of the second edition of Sonnets, the creative movement is described.
Machine: "Some experiences will always reappear in my mind, and some characters,
I constantly absorb nutrients from them, and there are some natural phenomena, which
The students gave me a lot of inspiration: why don't I leave them some words of thanks?
What about the commemoration? Because of this idea, immortal people in history
From unknown rural children and peasant women, from distant historical cities to hillsides.
Flying insects and grass in the world, from short-term personal life to many people.
What happened to me is closely related to my life.
I wrote a poem about everything. "
[6]
In another article,
Feng Zhi said that these poems are to "express the relationship between the world and nature."
And ever-changing relationships. "
[7]
Sonnets are all about the experience and decay of life.
Thinking, compared with the first stage, this kind of experience and meditation is pure and profound.
Much more.
Li Guangtian's interpretation of this collection of poems is as follows: "It means' brake'.
The concept of "that is eternity" regards time and history as one.
A constant torrent that moves forward forever. Vertically, it is true. but
Horizontally, as mentioned above, it integrates that person with person, person with person.
And the life of things, this is the so-called: heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything and
I am one of them. And time and space are inseparable, and this is Yu.
Zhou's life ontology. Any part of this whole life.
Change, death or rebirth are all interrelated and interactive.
So, what's more, there is only one grandmother and the same grandfather's blood.
Liquid flows around us' (sonnet appendix "Dedicated to Autumn Heart")
You and me. As john donne said, there is only one.
No one is independent, but I am the only one; Everyone is.
Is a part of the mainland, is a part of the ocean: if a bee is
When the sea overflows, Europe will lose a part, just like your strait or you.
Friends or their own vegetable fields are flooded; Anyone's death is right.
I am a loss, because I am a part of mankind; So don't doubt it.
For whom the bell tolls; It knocks for you. (See Ernest.
As Hemingway quoted in For Whom the Bell Tolls)
Mr. Feng Zhi fully demonstrated this style in his sonnets.
Admittedly, this kind of poetry has become the main part of this kind of poetry collection, just standing.
From an artistic point of view, this is the most wonderful part. "
[8]
Based on Li Guangtian's analysis, this paper puts forward the theme of sonnets.
Divided into three categories: the universe is connected in space; Everything is timely.
Communication; The uncertainty and nothingness of human life in the universe.
Sexual anxiety.
The spatial connection of the universe. The 25th "Desk Decoration"
Use utensils,/books displayed on shelves,/put them in some still life all day,
/We can't stop thinking. No lyrics, no action.
There is a dance,/asking the birds in the air outside the window,/why the wings are flying in the air.
Only the sleeping body,/In the dead of night, it has rhythm:/The air is there.
Playing in my body, playing with sea salt in my blood-/I seem to listen in my sleep.
Let the sky and the sea call us. "Tianhai and people can be integrated.
Body. Then, the essence of the universe also exists in all living and inanimate things.
Life, so the poet will silently praise "achievement".
Your lifeless "rat grass" is the same as the "winner's body", Rose.
There are Gali trees that make the noise of the whole city. Feng Zhi said here.
This paper introduces Zhuangzi's thought of "the same origin of things". You have everything in the universe.
I, I have you, like air and body, sea salt and blood.
Be integrated and inseparable. Feng Zhi emphasized the phase of the universe in space.
Pass, mainly does not mean the appearance, material level, and first.
First of all, it means that everything embodies the essence of the universe.
Since everything contains the essence of the universe, they are here.
Points are absolutely equal. Feng Zhi emphasized this equality.
Erase the material differences between everything. Feng zhi, who feels inferior, has always been.
Expect to get rid of inferiority in some way. This way is to seek peace.
Wait a minute. Feng Zhi found equality in the concept of space,
And this idea itself is to let him experience the equality of life.
The springboard of philosophy. Thus, it transcends the inferiority complex.
Experience, the experience of realizing equality in life.
Since everything in the universe is interlinked, then, people and themselves
However, people are also more closely connected. Such as paragraph 16: "We stand side by side.
On the top of the high mountain,/turned into an endless prospect,/turned into a face.
There is an endless plain ahead, and a criss-crossing path has formed on the plain. //Which one?
It doesn't matter which road, which piece of water,/which gust, which piece of cloud, didn't scream.
A:/The cities, mountains and rivers/Hua Song we walked through have changed our lives.
Life. "Here, the extension and opening of life space is beyond.
Life is limited in time. This kind of extension and opening up, specifically
Frankly speaking, it is the integration and care between people. Life is a kind of
Body existence should be equal and independent, but exist as a class.
Existence should be interrelated. In other words, the individual must be with him.
Only when people are present can they truly exist. Contact sonnets
"The setting of the creative era is not difficult to understand the poet's war and nation.
The practical significance of unique fate thinking: on the one hand, forget that human beings should
People who care about each other started a war; On the other hand, within the Chinese nation,
Understanding and unity in the Ministry will help defeat the enemy.
Everything also echoes in time. Issue 19: "In order to re-"
See, it's like meeting for the first time,/I want to go there with gratitude,/it seems.
When I first met, I suddenly felt that I was in a previous life. 24th place: "Thousands of years ago here.
/There seems to be/our life everywhere; /Before we were born//
A song has been sung/from the changing sky/from the green grass and pine trees.
Our destiny. "These poems show the time flow between people.
Spiritual echo and fit. Human history is made up of one after another, one after another.
Made up of generations. There may be no relationship between specific individuals.
There is a direct connection, but because they are in the river of time, they
They echo each other. Feng Zhi's summary of life experience is: life.
Life can not only be divided and restricted by beyond space, but also be surpassed.
The more history there is. Feng zhi melts himself into all things, thus making two directions.
We found a way to break through the limitation of life in coordinates and reached a level.
The realm of harmony and openness.
It is Feng Zhi's right to be anxious about the uncertainty and nothingness of life.
Life is the inevitable product of experiential thinking. Issue 15: "Look at this.
Teams of donkeys carrying distant goods and water will also rush in.
Sediment/from an unknown distance,//The wind will/will sweep from thousands of miles away.
Some sighs from other places; /We have walked through countless landscapes,/at any time.
Yes, I give up at any time. //Like a bird flying in the air. /anytime.
Be in charge of space,/feel nothing at any time. //What's ours?
Really? Come all the way without anything? There is nothing from the front.
Going? "This is a question about the nature of life process. The twentieth song "Who can?
Set your life/face this endless water-like night ",it is
Facing the helplessness of fate. Life is given to people, but people are not.
A real master. No.265438 +0: "We listened to the rainstorm in the gale,/
We are so lonely in the sun,/We are in this little hut/
Even in the middle of our equipment//It is far from Wan Li:/
The copper furnace yearns for the seedlings in the deep mountains/porcelain pots yearn for the soil by the river.
Like birds in the wind and rain//do your own thing. We hugged each other tightly.
Alive,/as if they can't control themselves. /The wind blew everything in.
The high altitude//heavy rain drenched everything into the soil again,/leaving only this faint piece.
The light is red/confirming the temporary stay of our lives. "Life cannot be independent and
The absolute loneliness of life makes people eager to get the opposite from external things.
Confirmation of the nature of life. Although individuals are the same in time and space,
Echo. But the subject's experience of the life process itself is still
Loneliness and anxiety. Communication and echo are relative, and loneliness and anxiety are relative.
Absolutely. The meaning of life is not self-sufficient, it needs to borrow something else.
To achieve confirmation. Then, the value of man as the subject of life.
How is it reflected? A futile search for the meaning and essence of life,
The poet was trapped in a lonely state of life, and the meaning of life was not there.
The helplessness and loss of certainty and nothingness.
The opposite of anxiety about life is thinking about death. Chi Keung Fung
Consciously realize that death is the boundary of life. But for limited life,
This kind of consciousness did not make Feng Zhi pessimistic and vain about life.
An anarchist attitude. On the contrary, in Feng Zhi's view, "the boundary is one.
A lovely noun from which we can feel the meaning of freedom. "
[9]
Feng Zhi believes that the meaning of life lies not in how to escape death, but in.
How to greet precious death calmly: "We praise those little Kun."
Worms,/They have mated and/or resisted danger,//
They will end a wonderful life. "(No.1) died here.
It is not the real end of life, but the brilliant completion of life. Feng zhi
Integrate death into life and advocate a "harmonious" optimism.
Treat death and devote yourself to the present efforts with full enthusiasm, so as to
Accept the perfect moment of life. In Feng Zhi's view, death is relative.
Life has a second meaning, and that is the meaning given to life: how?
Like death, what kind of existence, death is the measure of the value of existence.
The scale of. The third meaning of death to life is that death can
In order to enter human life in advance and urge the sublimation of life. "We let me go.
Children prepare for future death, just like a song,//sung by.
The main body of music falls off, leaving the main body of music/becoming one.
The green hills are silent. "(the second song) has the first cause of death.
Solution, turn death into life, so people try to survive.
In other words, people consciously dominate the process of death, and life and death are here.
Unified. The master of death is a kind of life consciousness of human beings, which only
Only by reaching this consciousness can we consciously seek "just life and death"
(issue 10), instead of killing your life in a daze.
The so-called "righteous life and righteous death" is a valuable and meaningful death.
Life, compared with the life and death of ordinary people, should be unique, or
It is beyond. As a conscious individual, people should work hard.
Just live and die, and stick to justice. Of course, Feng Zhi has no intention.
Humans have formulated a set of clear ethical norms. The so-called "righteous death"
Life "and" seriousness "are unethical here in Feng Zhi.
The significance of norms is human ecology with existentialism.
Degree, is his experience of life, through thinking to find out a kind of life.
A mediocre way out. The protagonists in these six poems (9~ 14)
They are all typical "righteous life and death". "Your name, often.
Arranged in/many names, there is no/no difference, but
You are always/content to keep your luster; "(No.10) this
This poem praises the unique brilliance of Cai Yuanpei's life, but it can also be like this.
Move to describe all those who pursue "life and death without hesitation". But for the sake of
This pursuit, people have to pay the price.
In six poems about cherishing people, the poet revealed that he had won a "just life and death"
The price is alienation from ordinary people. Ninth place: "You are?"
On the battlefield, like an immortal hero/pointing to the sky forever in another world,/
Eventually become a broken kite. "No.1 1:" I will always be pregnant.
Thank you for your kindness/looking at you, for our time:/He is so stupid.
Stupid people destroy it,/but its maintainer is abandoned for life//.
Out of this world-/how many times have you looked back at a ray of light,/turned around.
The head is covered with dark clouds again. //You have completed your arduous journey.
Bitterness leaves only the grass on the roadside/the smile that once led you to hope. "Because
After all, only a few people realize this can they get a "just life and death"
The elite of the essence of life, so alienated and neglected by the people.
This is natural. The elite is lonely, and the human individual is also lonely.
Loneliness.
The experience in Feng Zhi's poems is not a passive experience, but
Positive thinking on limited life. This needs to start from the theme of life.
From the inner feelings of the outside world, to grasp the meaning of life and
Value, so that there is penetration. As far as poets are concerned, experience
It is to see through one's own heart through observation and meditation on the outside world.
Heart and emotion. The structure of the poet's inner life determines his experience.
The depth of the degree also determines the depth of his intrinsic value. Poet's place
In order to dig out the real meaning from an ordinary thing or event.
The value of righteousness is that he can see through concrete things from the inner spirit.
The essence and significance under the surface of things. It is different from intuitive observation,
Did not bear fate, did not collide with fate, did not inject into the heart.
Reflection is not experience. Feng Zhi's experience is to seek meaning and direction.
Meaningful activities. It is at this point that Feng Zhi is different from others.
People are different.
References:
[1] Feng Zhi. Preface to "Traveling North and Others" [a]. Traveling north and others [m]. Beiping: a heavy bell
She, 1929.
[2] Li Guangtian. Meditation poem [a]. Selected works of Li Guangtian's literary criticism [c]. Kunming:
Yunnan People's Publishing House, 1983: 269.
[3] Liu Ying. On the characteristics of Feng Zhi's early lyric poems [J]. Sichuan normal university
Newspaper (Philosophy Edition), 1992 (1).
[4] Randy. On Feng Zhi's life experience [J]. Guizhou social sciences,
1992( 8).
[5] Feng Zhi. Selected Newsletters of Shen Zhongshe (II) [Z]. Historical materials of new literature, 1987
(4).
[6] Feng Wenbing. On new poetry [M]. Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House, 1984: 2 16.
[7] Feng Zhi. Exogenous nutrients [a]. Set the sunset [meters]. Beijing: Workers Publishing House.
She, 1989: 198.
[8] Li Guangtian. Meditation poem [a]. Selected works of Li Guangtian's literary criticism [c]. Kunming:
Yunnan People's Publishing House, 1983:277-278287.
[9] Feng Zhi. Boundaries. Selected Works of Feng Zhi (Volume 2) [M]. Chengdu: Sichuan
Literature and Art Publishing House, 1985.