Opening the pavilion and facing the wind, I occasionally turned the pages of the book, and Huang Chao's short poems fell into my eyes. The chrysanthemums were shining brightly, and the people were aboveboard. I am ashamed. A long time ago, I only knew that he was a leader of the peasant uprising who was powerful and powerful. I did not expect him to have the talent to compose poems. All three short poems have famous lines that have been passed down to the world, and even women and children can recite them. Later generations will view them as worthy. I'm glad I'm satisfied.
Huang Chao was born in the late Tang Dynasty to a salt merchant's family in Caozhou. He had few poetic talents, was good at riding and shooting, was proficient in martial arts, was proficient in writing and calligraphy, and failed many times in adult scientific examinations. In the face of a severe drought in Guandong, the government imposed exorbitant taxes and civil service, which aroused public dissatisfaction. Huang Chao led his people to respond to Wang Xianzhi's uprising. He was later named "General Soaring to the Sky", fell to Luoyang, conquered Chang'an, and became emperor. The country was named "Daqi" and was founded. The Yuan and Jin Dynasties granted amnesty to the world. Later, due to various reasons, the general Zhu Wen rebelled and surrendered to the enemy, and was defeated. In 884 AD, he may have committed suicide in Langhu Valley. People may have heard that he cut off his hair and became a monk, and lived in silence for the rest of his life.
Huang Chao, who had little poetic talent, must have written many poems, but as far as I know, the ones that have been handed down to this day are three poems and seven unique poems, which truly represent the three periods of his life. He had a special liking for chrysanthemums, which conveyed feelings and meanings. He had endured and treated them with pity and pity, then went from being fragrant and luxurious to the sky, and then to being quiet and lonely. The imprint of his life was very clear.
Let’s look at "Inscription on Chrysanthemums" first:
The rustling west wind fills the courtyard with plants, and the pistils are cold and fragrant, and the butterflies are hard to come by.
If I were the Qing Emperor in that year, I would be rewarded with peach blossoms.
It is said that he composed the poem when he was five years old. If true, he is a genius. Considering that he was born in a salt merchant's family and his later poems, it is not credible. Most of them are followed by descendants who are accustomed to deification. However, the image of this poem is cold and stern. The courtyard is full of chrysanthemums, standing vigorously. The west wind blows, the stamens are cold and fragrant, but there are no bees or butterflies. It clearly expresses my frustration. Just like the fragrant chrysanthemums filling the courtyard with bright stamens, they bloom at the wrong time. Being neglected and not being recognized for his talents is the lament of a hero who is aloof and refined but not appreciated by anyone before he becomes famous. However, he is unwilling to be mediocre. He is so angry that he can't suppress his anger. He wants to compete with the arrogant yellow chrysanthemum and the frivolous and charming spring peach blossom. Qiankun has profound meanings, powerful momentum, and grand ambitions. How majestic it is!
Look again at "Bu Di Hou Fu Hua":
When autumn comes on September 8th, I will kill all the flowers after they bloom.
The incense array penetrates Chang'an, and the city is covered with golden armor.
The short poem is popular, clear, and coherent. It is powerful and majestic. This poem is a popular folk song because the film and drama directed by Zhang Yimou and starring Gong Li has the famous line "The city is full of golden armor". Popularize and gain a sense of presence. Failure in taking the exam is not a sign of decadence and depression, but of high spirits. The Double Ninth Festival is approaching. The golden chrysanthemums are proud of the frost. They stand out and are fragrant. They soar into the sky and all the flowers have withered. This is the poetic overflow of the hero. "The fragrance array reaches Chang'an." "The whole city is covered with golden armor." His aura covers the mountains and rivers, his rocks are shocking, his wings soar to the sky, he has the heroic spirit to conquer the world, and his ambition is burning and heart-stirring.
There are many chrysanthemum lovers in the world. The poet Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem about chrysanthemums: "The autumn bushes surround the house like Tao's house, and the hedges become increasingly sloping. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers, but that they will become more beautiful after they bloom. "No flowers", he loves chrysanthemums, but it is a reluctant and helpless love that has no choice. It is not justified and not strong. It is probably because he cherishes each other in his twilight years and "more without flowers". In the end, there is no exquisiteness like Tao Ling'ai, "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain", the chrysanthemums and the people are forgotten, things and myself are completely confused, he is happy to enjoy it alone, and "there is a true meaning in it, and he has forgotten to tell it" , the wisdom of his heart, the ingenuity of his timing, his aura and expressiveness, his tacit understanding of love, his tacit understanding, and his reputation will last forever. Huang Chao, full of pride and passion, soaring to the sky with clouds, chrysanthemums carrying people's wishes, the city filled with the fragrance of flowers, and arrays of golden armors, leading the golden autumn. It is magnificent and bright, with vivid charm and majestic spirit, which is in harmony with his grandeur and heart. This is closely related to the fact that he later rose up, pacified the people and helped the poor, galloped on horseback, and was named the "Sky General".
People become noble because of chrysanthemums, and chrysanthemums become refined because of people, becoming a spiritual flag that flies wildly.
Let’s look at his “Self-titled Portrait” about his defeat:
I remember when the grass was flying, and the iron robes were full of monk robes.
There is no one on the Tianjin Bridge, just leaning on the railing to watch the sunset.
Some people speculate that this was written later by the rebellious scholars, but the poem is emotional and rational, and it was inspired by emotion, which does not hinder the glory of Huang Chao. It is conceivable that the "Daqi" emperor, who traveled thousands of miles across the world and ended the great Tang Dynasty, was alone in a temple, surrounded by ancient Buddhas and blue lanterns. He could not help but feel so lonely and lonely. He could not help but feel attached to the young, agile and heroic appearance and experiences of his time. , the years are turbulent, the troops and horses are strong, the glory is momentary, and the country changes its color. In contrast, facing the reality of being alone and ignorant, it is difficult to help but sigh the desolation of a hero whose time has passed in the dim lights.
Poetry is the voice of the heart. Through three short poems, we finally see the heroic image of a powerful "Sky General" in history who is famous for his poetry.
A generation of heroes will eventually turn into dust. We block the historical barriers of successful kings and defeated bandits and restore a hero who writes poems horizontally, and suddenly feel his vividness and loveliness. Watch him do things, appease the people, and comply with the people's wishes. Folk stories and legends such as hanging lanterns on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month and planting wormwood at the Dragon Boat Festival show that public opinion is still there.
We cannot be too demanding of the ancients, and heroes are not exempt from vulgarity. This can be seen from the political, ideological, economic and military strategies he used during the short period of time he took the throne.
To be fair, whether before or after he became famous, Huang Chao still cares about his own success or failure and the opinions of others, whether it is the anger and appeal of "the pistil is cold and the fragrance is cold, the butterfly is hard to come", "the peach blossom blooms at the same place", or "on the bridge in Tianjin" The loneliness and desolation of "no one knows, leaning on the railing alone to watch the sunset" shows that the psychology is burdened, caring about the reflection of oneself and other people, and obtaining spiritual comfort and introspection from it. After all, it cannot penetrate everything in the world. To find a balance between self and non-self, to seek the calm spiritual power and the tranquility of integration and transparency, and to calmly place ourselves, this state may come from the practice and understanding of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. For example, Su Shi, who was demoted to Huangzhou and was knocked to the ground by local gangsters, was content with his ignorance and was so open-minded and tolerant. Nowadays, there are countless people who pursue fame and fortune, demanding fame and being known by others, like crucian carp crossing the river. Those who don’t know and are stunned, and those who seek fame and reputation and complain, there are countless people. Why can’t we get rid of others and pursue ourselves instead, be unafraid in the face of danger and remain calm, and return to self-preservation in the turbulent world? Peace of mind: When you no longer care about external fame and wealth, and your mind is as calm as water, then your cultivation will be complete.
Because of the love for chrysanthemums, it can be regarded as inulin, and because Huang Chao’s love for chrysanthemums is extraordinary, he yearns for it, and desires its beauty. In this way, there are the above-mentioned words of demanding beauty. .
On a whim, without being too vulgar, I slightly changed the original poem:
The rustling golden wind fills the courtyard, and the pistils are fragrant and the butterflies are hard to come by.
The wind and frost stand proudly and have charm, how can they bloom together with the peach blossoms!
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