The Battle of Caizhou
The Battle of Caizhou was the last battle between the Jin Dynasty and the Mongolian Empire. The Jin Dynasty had suffered many defeats and was severely weakened, and was unable to resist the Mongolian army. The Mongolian army and the Southern Song Dynasty army surrounded Jin Aizong in Caizhou City, and captured Caizhou City a few months later. After this battle, the Jin Dynasty fell and Mongolia expanded to Henan.
Background:
In the first month of the first year of Tianxing of the Jin Dynasty (1232), at the Battle of Sanfeng Mountain in Junzhou, Mongolia and Jin Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty was defeated miserably. The main force of the Jin army was completely wiped out, and most of the main generals were killed. Death in battle, destruction is just around the corner. In the same month, the Mongolian army besieged Bianjing. The soldiers and civilians of the Jin Dynasty fought to defend Bianjing and repelled the Mongolian army's attack.
However, Jin Aizong and all the ministers in the DPRK were forced by the threat of the Mongolian army and did not dare to persist in resistance and fled to Caizhou. Bianjing and Zhongjing (now Luoyang City, Henan) fell one after another.
Process:
In September of the second year of Tianxing (1233), the Mongolian army built a long fort to surround Caizhou City. In November, Mongolia and the Southern Song Dynasty reached an agreement to jointly destroy the Jin Dynasty. The Song Dynasty sent generals Jiang Hai and Xiu Wulang to take charge of the southwestern route of Beijing; Meng Gong, the deputy commander of Ezhou and Jiangling Prefecture, led the Song Dynasty with 10,000 soldiers and 300,000 shi of grain to assist the Mongolian army in attacking Caizhou. Tachaer led the Mongolian army, and Meng Gong led the Song army to attack Caizhou in separate ways. The golden generals and ten thousand slaves were captured.
In early December, the Mongolian army defeated the Jin general Wuxian in Xizhou, and Haizhou, Yizhou, Laizhou, Weizhou and other states surrendered to Mongolia, officially completing the siege of Caizhou. The Allied Forces of Mongolia and Song Dynasty defended the Jin army from breaking through internally and prevented the Jin army from entering for reinforcements from outside.
Jin Aizong had no choice but to temporarily recruit militiamen to defend against the enemy. In order to defend Caizhou, the people even strong women helped carry the large stones needed to defend the city, and Jin Aizong also personally supported the army.
On the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month of the same year, the Mongolian army fought against Lianjiang, and the Song soldiers fought against Chaitan into Ru River to irrigate Caizhou City. On the ninth day of December, the Mongolian army broke through the outer city of Caizhou, and the deputy commander-in-chief of Suzhou, Gao Lage, died in the battle. On December 19, the Mongolian army captured the western city of Caizhou, and Captain Wang Aishi died in battle.
At this time, Jin Aizong was desperate to defend the city. He said to his courtiers: "I have been Jin Zi for ten years, crown prince for ten years, and master of the people for ten years. I know that there is no great evil, and I will die without regret. That’s it. The people who hated me have been passed down by our ancestors for hundreds of years, and they have been destroyed by me. The country has been destroyed by the desolate and violent kings since ancient times. This is the only country that has been destroyed.”
He also said: “There is no country that can never be destroyed in ancient times. The king of the subjugated country is often imprisoned, or sacrificed as a prisoner, or humiliated in the court, and I will not do this. Please wait and see, I am determined. "On the same day, the commander-in-chief of the artillery army, Wang Rui, killed Marshal Jiagu. Dang brother led 30 people to surrender to Mongolia.
On the night of December 24th, Jin Aizong tried to break out of Dongcheng but failed. Caizhou has been trapped for three months and has run out of ammunition and food. Jin Aizong did not want to be the king of subjugation, so on the ninth night of the first lunar month in the third year of Tianxing (1234), he passed the throne to Wanyan Chenglin, the marshal of the east, and issued an edict: "I am the one who pays you the favor. I will use my body." He is so fat that it is difficult for him to gallop on horseback. You usually have good generals and tactics, but if you are spared, you will not be able to defeat him. This is my ambition." The next day, Wanyan Chenglin ascended the throne, and it was for gold. The last emperor, as soon as the enthronement ceremony was completed, he led his army to defend against the enemy, but it was difficult to turn the tide. At this time, the Jin army guarding the city in the south surrendered, and the Song army entered the city. The Jin army engaged in street fighting with the Song army, and the Jin army was unable to resist.
Jin Aizong hanged himself to death in Youlanxuan, while Emperor Mo of Jin withdrew to Caizhou Zicheng. Upon hearing the news of Aizong's death, he mourned Aizong with his ministers. Before the mourning ceremony was completed, the city was destroyed. The last emperor was killed by the rebel army, and the Jin Dynasty died. Many prime ministers and ministers of the Jin Dynasty threw themselves into Ru River to die for their country. The Battle of Caizhou ended with the victory of the Mongolian and Song coalition forces.
The remains of Jin Aizong were divided between Song general Meng Gong and Meng general Tachaer. "Historical Collection" records that Tachaer only received one hand from Jin Aizong. Most of the remains of Jin Aizong were brought back to the capital Lin'an by the Song army to report to the Ancestral Temple, and the whole country celebrated the demise of the Jin Kingdom.