"All literature is human", and any form of literary works must express the author's thoughts and feelings, especially poetry.
When we face a poem, the main problem is that we can't understand it. So we mainly talk about how to understand a poem from the following aspects, so as to grasp the author's thoughts and feelings.
Second, understand the theme of the poem, grasp the author's feelings, and prepare for solving the problem.
1, the topic is the starting point.
The titles of poems often contain some information. Starting with the topic, we can grasp and understand poetry quickly and accurately. For example, the title of 0 1 Shanghai Spring College Entrance Examination "Remembering Brothers on a Moonlit Night" tells the time and emotions. Coupled with the special relationship between the characters, we can understand the emotional theme of the poem without reading it.
Try to analyze the following poetry topics and see what information they contain.
"Send Wei to Danyang to join the army": (Farewell poems may have a strong feeling of parting, or worry about the future of friends)
Huaishanghui Liangzhou Old Friend: (Xi, Happy. There may be joyful feelings in the poem)
Jiang Ting jathyapple's Farewell (Farewell poem, which may have affectionate farewell or worry about friends' future).
Thinking about Chang' an's hometown on March 9 (thinking, missing, maybe missing my hometown and relatives)
Except for the night (you can guess that the author may be lonely, sad and miss when he is alone)
"Re-send Pei Langzhong to Jizhou" (send, there may be a farewell; I may be worried about my friend's future.
2. Image is the key.
In addition, the issue of image is discussed separately.
Image is the basic unit of poetry to express emotion, and it is the place where poetry emotion exists. Images provide us with space for imagination and association, especially traditional images, whose symbolic meaning is basically fixed. Mastering these images is of great help to grasp the emotion of poetry.
Willow, for example, is often entrusted with the author's feelings of parting, nostalgia and missing.
3. Emotional language in poetry.
For example, Li Yu's ci can be divided into early stage and late stage. In the early stage, I only wrote about decadent court life, which has no inspection value. Only the words behind are written about the hatred of national subjugation. So we can only test Li Yu's later words, and feelings can only be the hatred of national subjugation. Others are similar.
Some poems and sentences will directly reveal the author's feelings and express his own thoughts. We should be good at grasping these words and understand poetry with these feelings. For example:
"Ask you how sad. Just like the "sorrow" in "A River Flows East";
"Sorrow" in "How many idle worries, a puff of smoke, a city full of wind, plum yellow rain";
The "heartbroken man" in "Sunset, Tianya heartbroken man";
The "worry" in "color enters a tall building, and someone upstairs is worried".
★ Some authors often write fixed events and feelings, but also pay attention to:
Du Fu and the Anshi Rebellion: Xin Qiji and the Northern Expedition: Land Travel and Anti-Jin; Li Yu and national subjugation; Su Shi and relegation; Li Qingzhao and national subjugation; Li Bai and political frustration, and so on.
4. Notes are precious.
Annotation seems to be only a hint of the difficulty of poetry, but in fact it is often the crux of understanding poetry and even answering questions. For example:
Cicada (Yu Shinan)
Cicada droops like a tassel on a hat, its tentacles suck the clear dew, and its voice spreads from the branches of the straight Shulang tree.
Cicada is far away from cicada because cicada is on a tall tree, not relying on autumn wind.
The proposer's explanation of "drooping" is that "the cicada's head has prominent tentacles, which are like drooping crowns." Only nobles wear "crown tassels", which shows that cicadas here should be the symbol of nobles.
The stem of this question implies timely information.
When setting questions, proposers usually give some enlightenment in the stem of the questions. We carefully read and analyze these contents, which is very helpful for us to understand poetry and solve problems. For example:
Bodhisattva white
The flat forest is vast and smoky, and the cold mountain area is blue. When the color enters a tall building, someone upstairs is worried. The jade steps stand empty, and the birds fly quickly. Where to return, the pavilion is shorter
The topic of the proposer's design is: About the expression of this word, some people think it is a "wandering home", some people think it is a "longing for women and longing for people", and some people think it is both. What's your opinion? Please briefly explain the reasons.
From the question of this topic, we can know that no matter which viewpoint we take, there is a "thinking"-lack. With this feeling, it is not difficult to see that any understanding is reasonable when we look back and understand this poem.
Third, summarize the content of this lesson.
When we meet a poem, we can start from these aspects to understand the general idea of the poem and the thoughts and feelings that the author wants to express.
Five aspects
The topic is the starting point
Image is the key.
Emotional language in poetry.
Annotations are precious.
The stem of this question implies a hint.
Fourthly, the symbolic meaning of traditional images.
Image is the soul of poetic art and an objective image, which casts the author's subjective feelings in poetry. In the long course of China's classical poetry, many traditional images have been formed, and their meanings are basically fixed. If we are familiar with these images, it will be of great help to appreciate poetry.
★ farewell image (or expressing reluctant feelings, or describing thoughts after parting)
1. Willow. It originated from The Book of Songs? Xiaoya? Picking eu ""I have been there, and Yangliu is Yiyi; Today, when I think about it, "It's raining" is combined with the reluctant state of willow trees and the reluctant feeling of farewell. "Liu" and "Liu" are homophonic. When the ancients bid farewell, they often expressed their deep feelings of parting by folding willows, so that many literati used this to express their resentment and nostalgia. For example, in Liu Yong's Yulin Order, "Where to wake up tonight?" "Yang Liuan", "The Twilight of the Morning Wind" and so on.
2. Pavilion. In ancient times, there were pavilions along the road for travelers to stop to rest or see off. For example, Yu Xin, a writer in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, wrote "Mourning for the South of the Yangtze River": "Ten miles and five miles, roadside pavilions. It's called ten miles and one long pavilion, and five miles and one short pavilion. " "Long Pavilion" has become an image with feelings of parting, which constantly appears in ancient farewell poems. For example, in Liu Yong's Yulin Order, "It's cold and sad, and the pavilion is too late".
3. Nanpu. Nanpu is more common in southern waterway farewell poems and has become a common image in farewell poems, similar to Qu Yuan's Nine Songs? Hebo has a lot to do with the famous sentence "If a child goes east, a beauty will send her to Nanpu". Jiang Yan, a writer in the Southern Dynasties, wrote about Beppu ("Spring grass is green and spring water is surging. It hurts to send you to Nanpu!" After that, Nanpu obviously added farewell poems; Farewell poems in the Tang and Song Dynasties are more common, such as "Nanpu is sad and the west wind is curling in autumn" in Bai Juyi's Nanpu Bie in the Tang Dynasty.
4. wine. Yang Zai, the Yuan Song, said, "Anyone who gives people more wine to show their feelings and writes about the scenery to cheer them up is grateful." Wine can not only relieve depression, but also contain deep blessings. There are countless poems that associate wine with parting. For example, Wang Wei's "Wei Cheng Qu" advises you to drink more and leave Yangguan for no reason, and Bai Juyi's "Drinking without joy, leaving without joy, being broad and bright" all use wine to express your feelings of parting.
★ Homesickness image (or expressing homesickness or caring for relatives)
1. Moon. Generally speaking, the moon in ancient poems is synonymous with homesickness. For example, Li Bai's "Thinking about a Quiet Night": "The foot of the bed is bright, is there frost? . Looking up, I found that it was moonlight, sinking again, and I suddenly thought of home. " Especially Su Shi's Water Tune? When will there be a bright moon? ":"I hope people will last a long time, and thousands of miles are beautiful. "Starting from good wishes, write brotherhood. The artistic conception is open-minded, cheerful and meaningful, and you can experience the unfathomable and wonderful natural realm.
2. Hongyan: Hongyan is a large migratory bird. Every autumn, it struggles to fly back to its lair, which often causes homesickness and sadness of wanderers, so poets often use geese to express their feelings. For example, in Li Qingzhao's "A Piece of Plum", "The word geese return, and the moon is full of the West Building". In the West Chamber at the end of Yuan Dynasty, Cui Yingying Changting sang "Blue sky and yellow land, tight west wind, flying north and south". Who is drunk in Xiao Lai's frost forest? Always leaving people crying ",the scene is born together, and its feelings are unbearable, and it has become a swan song. "
In addition, there are behavioral images such as "smashing clothes", which also express concern for relatives. The state of dressing under the moon and the sound of the wind sending the anvil not only remind women of their own pain, but also easily touch the feelings of wanderers, so the image of dressing is also one of the traditional homesickness images. For example, in the third paragraph of Li Bai's Midnight Wu Ge in the Tang Dynasty, "A bright moon hangs high in the capital, and ten thousand hammers wash it. The autumn wind blew Yi Dao's voice, and every household remembered the people guarding the border. Oh, when will the Tatar army be conquered and when will my husband come back from the long battle! ? "
★ Sad images (or expressing sadness, or rendering a bleak and sad atmosphere)
1. Indus River. In China's classical poetry, it is a symbol of desolation and sadness. For example, Li Qingzhao's "Slow Sound" in the Song Dynasty: "The phoenix tree is raining and dripping at dusk." Ren Yuan Xu Zaisi "Double Narcissus? Rain at night: "A sound of Ye Qiu, a little banana and a little sorrow, and a dream after three nights. "They all use buttonwood leaves to write their own joys and sorrows.
2. bananas. In poetry, it is often associated with loneliness and sadness, especially parting. There is Li Qingzhao's ugly slave adding words in the Song Dynasty: "Who fills the atrium with banana trees in front of the window?" Yin is full of heart and leaves are full of love. " Pour out sadness and melancholy.
3. running water. In China's ancient poems, water is connected with continuous sadness, conveying the sadness and sadness that life is short and fate is impermanent. Such as: Li Bai in the Tang Dynasty "Xuanzhou Xie? Uncle Yun: "But since the water is still flowing, although it is cut with a sword, it is even more worrying to raise a glass. Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow. "Liu Yuxi's" Zhi Zhu Ci ":"Peach blossoms are everywhere, and Shu water hits the mountain stream. Bonuses are easy to decline, such as lang yi, and the water flow is infinite. "Li Yu's Waves on the Sand:" The flowing water is spring, and it is heaven and earth. " Li Yu's Yu Meiren: "How much sorrow can there be, just like a river flowing eastward. "Walking on the Beach by Ouyang Xiu in Song Dynasty:" Sadness is getting farther and farther, as far as spring water. " Qin Guan's "Jiangchengzi": "Even the riverside is full of tears, which are endless and full of sorrow. "
4. apes crow. Ancient poems often express a sad mood with the help of the cries of apes. For example, Li Daoyuan, a geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty, wrote Notes on Water Classics. In Jiang Shui, the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is long, and the apes crow three times, and tears spill on their skirts." Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain in the Tang Dynasty: "The sky is full of wind, the apes are singing and the birds are singing, and the blue lake and white sand are returning." Zhao Wei's Yi Yangshan: "It's a pity to go home in the poor season, and the flowers will fall and the apes will cry for another year."
5. Cuckoo In ancient mythology, Wang Di, the monarch of Shu in the late Zhou Dynasty, was forced to give way to his courtiers and live in seclusion in the mountains. After his death, his soul became a cuckoo, crying in late spring. As for the blood in his mouth, his voice is sad and touching. So the cuckoo in ancient poetry became a symbol of desolation and sadness. Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu" in the Tang Dynasty: "When I hear about it, I am worried about the empty mountain." Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip: "And what are you listening to here? ? The cuckoo bleeds, the ape whimpers. " Song Qin Guan's "Walking on the Sand": "It's like a lonely pavilion in spring, and the cuckoo is sunset." And so on, all express their sadness, desolation or homesickness with the cuckoo's whine. In addition, the sunset (sunset, sunset glow) also conveys the feeling of desolation, loss and gloom. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin's "Happy Garden Scenery": "to see the sun, for all his glory was buried in the coming night." Wang Wei's "Make it Fort": "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen." Wang Song Anshi's Gui Zhi Xiang? Jinling remembers the past: "Sail the sunset and lean on the west wind wine flag. "
★ Express images (or support objects to show noble qualities or express feelings)
1. Chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemum has always been favored by literati. Some people praise its strong character, while others appreciate its lofty temperament. Qu Yuan's Lisao: "Drinking Mulan Dew in the morning and eating Qiuju in the evening are not beautiful." The poet endowed his extraordinary quality of jade, purity and ice with drinking dew and eating flowers. Tao Yuanming, an idyllic poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wrote many poems about chrysanthemums, which naturally linked the elegant and indifferent image of chrysanthemums with his own interests in different customs, such as "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely". In Zheng Sixiao's "Cold Chrysanthemum", the poet of the Song Dynasty "would rather hold the fragrance of the branches and die than fall into the north wind", and in Fan Chengda's "Two Chrysanthemums after Chongyang", the poet of the Song Dynasty "shows the poet's spiritual quality with chrysanthemums in his poems, such as" Lonely East Fen wet dew, shining with gold and silver before, shining with sand after ". Caisang in Mao Zedong? There is a saying in Chongyang that "the yellow flowers in the battlefield are particularly fragrant", which puts chrysanthemums in a war environment. The word "especially fragrant" highlights Mao Zedong's revolutionary optimism.
2. Plum blossoms. Plum blossoms are the first to bloom in the cold, and then they lead to the fragrance of blooming flowers. Therefore, plum blossom is proud of snow, strong and unyielding, and has always been respected and praised by poets. "Plum Blossom" by Chen Liang, a poet in the Song Dynasty: "A flower changes suddenly first, and ten thousand flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristic that plum blossoms are the first to bloom, and wrote the quality of being the first in the world and not afraid of setbacks. This is not only Yongmei, but also praising himself. Wang Anshi's plum blossom: "It's not snow when you know it from afar, because it has a delicate fragrance." The poem not only describes the reasons why plum blossoms are scattered by the wind, but also implicitly shows the purity and whiteness of plum blossoms, which has received the artistic effect of good fragrance and lewdness. Lu You's famous sentence "Yongmei": "Scattered into mud, crushed into dust, only fragrance remains." Plum blossom is used to describe a person's unfortunate experience of being destroyed and his noble sentiment of not wanting to go with the flow. "Mo Mei" by Wang Mian in Yuan Dynasty: "Don't boast of its lewdness, just leave the air fresh and dry." It is also a simple but meaningful way to write down the qualities that you don't want to go with the flow.
3. Pine and cypress. The Analects of Confucius? Zi Han said, "When you are cold, you will know that the pine and cypress will wither." The author praises the unyielding personality of pine and cypress by praising their cold tolerance, which is vivid in image and lofty in artistic conception, and has inspired the literati of later generations to be endless in poetry and painting. Serina Liu in the Three Kingdoms gave his younger brother: "Don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress are sexual." The poet used this sentence to encourage his cousin to be as loyal as a pine and cypress, and to maintain a noble quality under any circumstances. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, gave books to serve Huang Shang: "May you be a senior, not a peach." Wei always flatters powerful people, and Li Bai writes poems to persuade him to be an upright person. Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in his poem "I'm going to Ruzhou and I'm leaving Li Xianggong" that "the wealth of later generations has faded, and the cold pines and cypresses are still there", which also symbolizes the aloof and strong character.
4. bamboo. Slim and graceful, tall and straight, Bai Juyi won the love and praise of ancient and modern poets for his character of "frost and snow but not withering, evergreen all the year round" in Bamboo Cultivation. He used bamboo to describe life and virtue to cultivate himself: "Bamboo is like a saint, so why not?" Bamboo is solid, solid with tree virtue, and when a gentleman sees it, he thinks good and makes it. Bamboo is straight, standing straight; A gentleman sees his nature and thinks of it. Bamboo heart is empty, empty as a shell; A gentleman sees the heart and thinks empty. Bamboo knot, chastity, perseverance; When a gentleman sees his festival, he struggles for fame and fortune, which is consistent with danger. If the husband is like this, there are many real gentlemen. " Zhang Jiuling's poem "Zhuzhifu Huangmen Lushi" simply praises: "People with lofty ideals value each other and are known to the world with humility." Su Shi's "Imperial Monk Land" has a famous chant for bamboo: "Eating without meat is better than living without bamboo. No meat makes people thin, no bamboo makes people vulgar. People are thin and fat, but ordinary people are incurable. " Regard bamboo as the highest symbol of celebrity style. Zheng Banqiao sang and painted bamboo all his life, leaving many beautiful sentences about bamboo, such as: "Insist that the green hills are not relaxed, but the roots are broken rocks. A thousand blows are still strong, and the wind is east, west, north and south. " Praise the indomitable character and indomitable nature of bamboo standing in the rocks.
5. Xiaomi is gone. "Li Shu" is often used to express regret and sadness about the past prosperity and decline of this country. Canon out the Book of Songs? Feng Wang? Xiaomi is gone. According to legend, after Zhou Pingwang moved eastward, Dr. Zhou passed by the ancient capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty and lamented that the ancestral temple was destroyed and millet was everywhere, so he wrote the poem "Millet Parting" to express his grief. Later generations took the thought of "Su Li" as the worry of national subjugation, like the ups and downs of the past. For example, there is a sentence in Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow": "I feel sorry for the past and the present, because I am conscious. The old man in Yan Qian thinks there is a kind of "separation" sadness. "
6. Snow, ice and vegetation. In ancient poetry, the crystal of ice and snow is often used to describe the loyalty of the soul and the nobility of character; Use the prosperity of vegetation to set off desolation and express ups and downs. For example, Wang Changling's "Parting Xin Qiji at Furong Inn": "If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, there is a piece of ice in the jade pot." "Bing Xin is in the jade pot" is a metaphor for a person's aboveboard mind. Another example is the famous sentence in Zhang Xiaoxiang's Nian Nujiao: "I should miss the years of mountains and seas. I am alone, and my liver and lungs are all ice and snow." Show your honesty and openness. There are more examples of vegetation, such as: Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow": "After the spring breeze is ten miles, the wheat will be green." The spring breeze is ten miles, and the very prosperous Yangzhou Road is now covered with green oats and desolate. Du Fu's Book of Letters: "The grass in front of the door is like spring, and the birds are singing happily under the leaves." A generation of sages and their achievements have disappeared. Now, only the grass on the green stone steps produces spring scenery every year. The oriole uttered this beautiful cry in vain, and the poet lamented the emptiness of the past and deeply regretted it.
★ Love image (used to express love and lovesickness)
1. Red beans. Legend has it that in ancient times, a woman died because her husband died in the frontier and cried under a tree, and became a red bean, so red bean is also called "acacia", which is often used to symbolize love or acacia. For example, Wang Wei's poem "Acacia": "When those red berries come in spring, they flush on your southern branches. For me, take a hug home as a symbol of our love. " The poet expressed his affection for his friends through red beans born in the south.
2. Lotus. It is the same as "pity", so there are many poems about lotus flowers in ancient poetry to express love. For example, the Southern Dynasty Yuefu's "Xizhou Qu" said: "Lotus is picked in autumn in Nantang, and the lotus is over the head. Bow your head to get lotus seeds, which are as green as water. " Using homophonic pun rhetoric, it expresses a woman's deep yearning for the man she loves and the purity of love.
3. Lianlizhi and Biwinged Birds. Connecting branches refers to two trees whose roots and branches are intertwined; Love birds, a legendary bird, is used as a metaphor for loving couples in classical poetry. Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow: "On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, we secretly told each other in the quiet midnight world. We hope to fly in heaven, two birds grow together on the earth with the same wing, two branches of a tree ... "
★ Images of war (or expressing dislike of war or yearning for peace)
1. Throw a pen. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty records that Ban Chao was born in poverty and made a living by copying documents for the court. He once lamented that he would follow the example of Fu Jiezi and Zhang Qian to make contributions to the border region and take the title of Marquis. Later, "throwing a pen" meant abandoning literature and joining the army. For example, Xin Qiji's "Water Tune Songs": "If you don't learn from Ban Chao's pen, you will be named as Wan Li and Gunter's old frontier."
2. The Great Wall. "Southern history? According to the biography of Tan Daoji, Tan Daoji was a general in the Southern Dynasties and the Song Dynasty, with great power and was suspected by the monarch and his subjects. Later, Song Wendi took the opportunity to kill him, and Tan Daoji was furious: "This is the Great Wall of Wan Li! "Obviously, it refers to Song Wendi killing the general and disintegrating his own army. Later, the Great Wall of Wan Li was used to describe the generals guarding the border. For example, Lu You's "The Book of Wrath": "If you are stuck in the Great Wall, you will be conceited, and your temples will be spotted first in the mirror. "
3. Loulan. According to Hanshu, King Loulan was greedy for money and killed many China envoys who went to the Western Regions. Later, Fu Jiezi was sent to the Western Regions to behead King Loulan and make contributions to the country. Later, poets often used "Loulan" to refer to the enemy of the border, and "breaking (splitting) Loulan" to refer to making contributions. For example, Wang Changling's "Join the Army" says: "The clouds in Qinghai are long and the snow-capped mountains are dark, and the territory looks at Yumenguan. The yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, and the loulan is not returned. "
4. Liu Ying. It refers to the military camp. Historical records? Zhou bo's Family after the River records that during the reign of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, the Han army was divided into Bashang, Ximen and Liuxi to prepare for the Xiongnu, and the commander of Liuxiying was Zhou Yafu. The Liuxi Army Battalion in Zhou Yafu is disciplined and uniform. Even Wendi and his entourage have to get permission from Zhou Yafu to enter the camp. Wendi spoke highly of Zhou Yafu's well-managed army. Later generations often call "Liu Ying" a disciplined military camp.
5. Please volunteer. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent a young minister to South Vietnam to persuade the South Vietnamese dynasty. The final army said, "Please give me a long tassel, and I will take the king of South Vietnam." Later, he used his metaphor to kill the enemy and serve the country. Yue Fei "Man Jiang Hong? Looking at the Central Plains from afar: "Sighing mountains and rivers are the same, and thousands of villages are sparse. When did you ask Ruilv to cross the Qinghe River with a whip? "
6. Strong brother. It is often mentioned in frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Qu: "Why should the Qiang flute complain about the willow? The spring breeze is only Yumenguan." Cen Can's "Bai Xuege Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Home": "The China army gave a banquet to thank the guests and played the barbarian pipa, guitar and harp for him." Li Yi's "On Listening to the Flute at Night on the Wall of the Country": "I don't know where to play the flute, but I have to find someone all night." Fan Zhongyan's Fisherman's Pride: "A cup of turbid restaurant Wan Li, Ran Yan is not happy, Qiang Guan is full of frost." The shrill voice of the strong brother often makes recruiters cry.
Second lesson
Academic goal
Understand the main types of poetry and grasp the author's thoughts and feelings.
Teaching focus
Understand the main types of poetry and grasp the author's thoughts and feelings.
Good records are required.
Teaching step
One,
Focus on "praising history and cherishing ancient poems" and "frontier poems"
Review the last lesson. Understand poetry mainly from five aspects.
Second, understand thoughts and feelings through the main types of poetry.
1, praising history and cherishing ancient poems
Generally, we should describe the ancients, ancient events and historical sites.
I feel that things are human beings, and things are human beings. The prosperity of the past has declined, and the vicissitudes of life have changed dramatically.
Satire the former rulers and warn the current rulers to learn from history; Borrowing the past to satirize the present, mourning the past and hurting the present.
Example 1: Liu Yuxi's Taicheng
Taicheng Liu Yuxi
Six generations of Taicheng compete for beauty, and making love in spring is the most extravagant.
Thousands of families have become weeds because of a flower in the backyard.
Generally, we should write about the vast and magnificent natural scenery and the cold of the frontier fortress; Describe the cruelty of war.
Understanding: The emperors of the Six Dynasties were famous for their extravagance and debauchery, especially the last emperor, Chen Houzhu. In the luxurious Taicheng, he built three pavilions tens of feet high, namely Qi Jie, Lin Chun and Wang Xian. Leaning on jade all day long, ignoring state affairs. He also wrote a new song, yushu backyard flower, and filled in obscene words, which made thousands of beautiful women sing and dance. Unexpectedly, before the strike was over, the soldiers of the Sui army had forcibly opened all the doors, and the red light upstairs was connected with the war situation downstairs. The Golden Powder Southern Dynasties ended in this decadent sound. This nostalgic poem takes Taicheng, the core of Jinling, the ancient capital, as the theme. This is the place where the emperors of the Six Dynasties lived in politics, and it has placed infinite feelings of mourning for the past and drawing lessons from mistakes.
Example 2: Li Yue crossed Huaqing Palace.
Example 3: Li Bai's Tai Su's Visit to the Ancient Times.
2. Poems of Frontier Battle
1) The heroism and patriotism of soldiers who have the courage to kill the enemy, make contributions and serve the country.
(2) bring disaster to the people, infinite sympathy for the people.
Wear through.
(3) Tired of war, criticizing the rulers for waging war, and missing their relatives in their hometown for a long time.
Example 1, Wang Changling's Joining the Army (1)
There is a dark snow-capped mountain in Qinghai, with long white clouds and a lonely city looking at Yumenguan. Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned.
Example 2: Joining the Army by Chen Yu (1)
The wind blew at the foot of Tianshan Mountain, the frozen mud around the lake cracked, the leaves on the plane tree were blown away and the branches were broken by the wind. The sound of the flute in the snow-capped mountains is not seen, but it is only in the background of Tianshan snow that a red flag is heading for the peak.
Example 3, Chen Tao's Longxi (2)
Tang Jun men and women fought the Huns to the death, and 5,000 troops in robes were killed in Chen Hu. Poor bones by the river, I am still a dream girl.
The whole poem reflects the pain and disaster brought to the people by the long-term campaign in the Tang Dynasty, and expresses the feeling of not fighting. )
Example 4: Li Yi's Watching the Elephant Wall Listening to the Flute at Night (3)
The sand in front of Lefeng is as white as snow, and the moonlight outside the city is like autumn frost. I don't know where the bleak reed flute blows and I look at my hometown all night.
3. Landscape pastoral poetry
The better the description of nature and rural scenery, the less satisfactory it proves in real life.
Generally, it is necessary to describe beautiful landscapes and pastoral scenery.
(1) love nature, love rural scenery, love the motherland's great rivers and mountains;
2 indifferent to fame and fortune, pursuing a quiet and secluded life;
③ Dissatisfaction with the real society, disgust and contempt for the dark society.
Example: Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains by Wang Wei.
4. Homesick Poetry (Wandering Poetry)
① Express inner loneliness, loneliness and desolation;
2 yearning for hometown;
(3) I miss my loved ones. Sometimes I write my own thoughts from the other person's point of view.
For example: working at night (normal university)
The cold light of the hotel stays awake alone, why does the guest's heart become sad?
My hometown is thinking thousands of miles tonight, and it is another year of the Ming Dynasty.
Understanding: It's New Year's Eve, and the poet is watching every family brightly lit and gathering together outside, but he is far away from his family and living in a guest house. Comparing the two, we are not moved by the scene before us, and the feelings of loneliness and sadness, as well as the feeling of missing our hometown and relatives, arise spontaneously.
5. Degraded category
(1) Dissatisfied with his demotion, expressing his indignation;
(2) Express the melancholy, frustration and indignation of serving the country; I hope the court can re-appoint.
6. Farewell poems
(1) deep affection for friends;
(2) The feeling of missing friends after parting from them;
(3) After leaving, worry about the unpredictable future of friends.