Teaching Plan for "Dan Ge Xing"
Teaching Objectives:
Understand the basic characteristics of Han, Wei and Jin poetry, appreciate the generous and sad style of Cao Cao's poetry, and feel the politics of poetry The artistic characteristics of the blend of sex and lyricism;
Second, master the skills of reading and reciting classical poetry, and cultivate the ability to appreciate classical poetry;
Three, experience the beauty of the artistic conception of classical poetry, and improve Appreciate the levels of literary works and enrich your own cultural accumulation.
Teaching process:
Introduction: He was once all-powerful, and he received the most infamy after his death. On the historical stage of three pillars, he is a hero with a flamboyant personality; on the stage of Chinese literature, he is a generous and heroic poet. He is - Cao Cao. Today *** is coming with us to study his masterpiece "Dan Ge Xing" and feel Cao Cao's heroic spirit together!
Analysis of poetry:
1. Read the correct pronunciation together and explain the common sense of style (it can be seen from the title that this article is a song style, which is generally longer. This poem*** Thirty-two sentences, each four sentences is one chapter, every two chapters is one explanation, and the poem is divided into eight chapters and four explanations).
2. Question: Read the whole poem. If you were asked to use one word in the poem to summarize the poet's emotion, which word do you think is the most appropriate? (Worry!) What is worrying? From which line or lines of the poem did you figure it out?
Tip: Talents are hard to find, life is short, and achievements are not yet accomplished. Here students can speak freely, and the teacher analyzes the sentences found by the students.
1. It is easiest for students to read Cao Cao's concern about the difficulty of finding talents from the sentences "Young Qingzijin, long in my heart. But for the sake of the emperor, I have pondered it to this day." The teacher explains the second solution.
Tips: 1) Read the note ⒁ on page 15 of the textbook. Cao Cao quoted the poem "Zi Jin" here and said that he had been reciting it in a low voice just because of you. This is really too much. So clever. "Young Qing Zi Jin, long in my heart" is of course a direct metaphor for missing "virtuous people", but more importantly, the two sentences he omitted are "If I don't go, will Zi Ning not inherit the sound?" Cao Cao actually It was impossible to find those "virtuous people" one by one, so he used this implicit method to remind them: "Even if I didn't go to you, why didn't you take the initiative to come to me?" From this level of implication, The hidden meaning can be seen in his painstaking efforts in "seeking talents". Cao Cao once sent out orders to seek talents. "Dan Ge Xing" is actually a "poetry order to seek talents", but it is more appealing than any political order to seek talents because Cao Cao used his superb literary skills to make the rigid government orders more vivid. It has touching humanistic power, and this touching power is precisely due to Cao Cao's profound literary skills. This is one of the wonderful things about this sentence. Another wonderful thing is the use of the word "but". The word "but" gives every intellectual a reason to imagine himself as the Cao Cao who "tossed and turned" and "suffered from sleep". "Jun", every wise man who saw this poem seemed to hear Cao Cao saying to himself, "You are very important." This reminds us that we must pay attention to key words when interpreting poetry.
2), "The deer roars, eating the apples of the wild. I have guests, playing the harp and the sheng." (selected from "The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Lu Ming") This is a poem for entertaining guests, This expresses the desire for talented people.
2. The third interpretation still expresses the deep concern of thirsting for talents. "It's as bright as the moon, when can I wipe it off? It's useless to cross the distance." First ask the students to translate and remind them: when translating, if you want to express your meaning clearly and completely, you must add many connecting elements, which fully embodies the poetry jumpiness. The Bixing technique vividly expresses sincere concerns and calls. The key word "无" is very important, expressing sincerity and respect for talented people.
From these two explanations, we can see Cao Cao's longing for talents, his infinite emotion that talents are hard to find, and his deep concern that "the worries that come from them cannot be cut off." So, can students use Your understanding and recitation express this concern? Find classmates to read aloud emotionally.
3. In the fourth interpretation, the poet expressed his worries about unfulfilled achievements.
"The moon and stars are sparse, and the magpies are flying south. They circle the tree three times, and where is the branch to lean on?" Was Cao Cao really drunk? How could he want to pick the moon? Tip: Wu magpie is a crow. Here, a good bird chooses a tree to roost, which means that a wise man chooses his master.
“The mountains never get too high and the sea never gets too deep.” Quoting a sentence from the predecessors, note (6) on page 16, here Cao Cao expressed his sincerity and broad mind to the talents. This sentence is equivalent to Cao Cao’s photo Promise your talents with your heart: I am the mountain and I am the sea. Please rest assured that I will not be overcrowded with talents. Come join me and let us do great things together.
“When Duke Zhou spits out food, the world returns to its heart.” An allusion from “Han Shi Wai Zhuan” is used here. It is said that Duke Zhou said to himself: “I am the son of King Wen, the younger brother of King Wu, and the uncle of King Cheng. The world, I am not too light on the world! However, if I wash my hair three times and eat food three times, I am afraid of losing the people of the world." Here Cao Cao is not only comparing himself to the Duke of Zhou, but also encouraging himself to the Duke of Zhou. But no matter which one, the result is "the world returns to its center." Cao Cao's ultimate dream is to unify the world and bring all people together, which is tantamount to outlining a heart-pounding blueprint for the world's wise men.
"Cultivate oneself, manage one's family, govern the country, and bring peace to the world" are the true life goals of ancient Chinese intellectuals. As a leader, Cao Cao formed a great political consciousness with the talents on this point.
4. Teacher’s question: Let’s take a look at whether the poet revealed other worries in the first solution that we did not analyze?
Students can definitely read that Cao Cao is worried about the short life. "Singing to wine, how much is life? Like morning dew, the past days are more bitter. Generosity should be used to make worries unforgettable. How can only Du Kang relieve worries." These lines of poetry actually embody the ancient Chinese literati's philosophy on the truth of life. think. The Han Dynasty was a period when ancient Chinese people fully awakened to the tragedy of life. The prosperity of the Han Dynasty made people love life more, and their nostalgia for secular life also made people feel that life is short. This deep understanding of the ephemerality of life and the eternity of the universe can be found in the poems of later generations. What poems can the students think of?
Reference: The endless falling trees are rustling, and the endless Yangtze River is rolling in.
The ancients will never be seen before, and the newcomers will never be seen after. Thinking about the long journey of heaven and earth, I shed tears with sadness.
Life is endless from generation to generation, but the river and the moon are only similar year after year.
The great river goes eastward, and the waves are gone, and there are all the romantic figures of the ages.
People in the past have gone there by Yellow Crane, and the Yellow Crane Tower is vacant here. The yellow crane is gone and never returns, and the white clouds remain empty for thousands of years.
Remind students: when we study poetry, when learning new knowledge, we must be good at connecting what we have learned in the past, "reviewing the past" and "knowing the new".
The teacher provoked questions and asked: Lu Xun once commented that Cao Cao was "a very capable person, at least a hero." How could a man like Cao Cao lament that life is short and want to enjoy himself in time and drink away his sorrows? What do you think of this brooding? Students, what philosophy do you think the poet Cao Cao would taste from the eternal philosophy of human life?
Students can discuss and speak freely. Teacher summary: There are two images in this passage - wine and morning dew. "Morning dew" is an image often used in the poetry of the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties. Cao Zhi once said in a poem: "There is no end in heaven and earth, and human life is bitter and dew in the morning." Morning dew symbolizes the shortness of time. The image of "wine" is the most common in classical poetry, for example: Li Bai's "Cut the knife to cut off the water, and the water will flow more, and raise a glass to relieve the sorrow and sorrow." Su Shi "When will the bright moon come, ask the wine to the sky." Liu Yong "Sentiment has been hurt since ancient times. Farewell, it’s even more desolate to miss the Qingqiu Festival! Where are the willow banks and the waning moon in the morning breeze tonight? Li Qingzhao was also drunk in wine - "Three cups and two glasses of light wine, how can I resist the strong wind that comes late?" Fan Zhongyan "The wine is so sad that it turns into tears of lovesickness." Du Fu was poor in his later years, and even eating became a problem, but he still I lamented that I was "hard-working and resentful of the frost on my temples, and my wine glass was tainted when I was down and out"! It can be seen that borrowing something from the cup to relieve the blockage in the chest has always been the mainstream way of spiritual communication among Chinese intellectuals. As a scholar and politician who is well versed in the hearts of Chinese intellectuals, Cao Cao's eternal sigh at the beginning of the chapter will definitely arouse the intellectuals' deep understanding of life experience and touch the softest place deep in the hearts of the intellectuals. It seems like a negative sigh, but it actually reminds intellectuals in disguise to "encourage them in time, time waits for no one." It is precisely because life is short that we must cherish it more, make good use of this short life, and do something great in the world. Therefore, it is natural that the following text contains the lamentations about the difficulty in finding talents and the unfulfilled achievements. Here I remind everyone that when appreciating poetry, you must grasp the emotional tone of the poetry as a whole after fully understanding it. This poem may seem depressing at the beginning, but it actually has a profound meaning. Looking at the whole poem, the emotional tone should be generous and heroic.
3. After fully understanding the poet’s emotions, ask a classmate to read the entire poem aloud, and the teacher will provide timely reading guidance.
Students can find that the poet's feelings in this poem are very sincere. Wu Qi commented in "The Conclusion of Selected Poems of the Six Dynasties" that the whole poem is "twisting and twisting, nagging, if coherent, if not coherent, It’s just a matter of pity. "As a leader, Cao Cao’s worries are profound. Maybe the students here, including me, cannot understand them deeply. We can only try our best to try to figure it out. There is a passage in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Bao Guoan performed very well in the highlight of Cao Cao's poem. Let's enjoy it together. Play on the big screen. This poem gave me a new understanding of Cao Cao. What about my classmates?
Chen Hang, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said in "Shi Bixing Jian": "This poem is the purpose of thinking about warriors in the Great Wind Song written by Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty." In comparison, it is obvious that this poem is superior in skill. What writing skills do you think this poem has that we should learn from? Reference: Bixing, quotation, allusion
IV. Summary: Cao Cao's poems can be roughly divided into two categories: reflecting social conditions, such as "Hao Li Xing"; expressing political ideals and life aspirations, such as "Dan Ge Xing" , "The Turtle Lives Longevity", "Viewing the Sea". This is what we have learned in this lesson. If you are like me, you get to know a different Cao Cao from this poem. Zhong Rong's "Poetry" commented: Cao Cao is ancient and straightforward, with very sad sentences. If you also appreciate Cao Cao's majestic, generous and heroic attitude towards life, then I hope that students can read more of Cao Cao's works after class.
Lesson Preparation Notes
The overall design idea of ??this lesson is from "worry" to "worry relief". I hope students will get the following inspirations from the study of this class: Feel the four-character poem The solemnity and elegance of Cao Cao's poems; feel the generosity and sadness of Cao Cao's poems; learn to "interpret poems with poems", use what you have learned in the past to better understand new knowledge, "review the past" and "know the new"; learn to learn from ancient poems and other people's literature Read the wisdom and your own opinions in the works. When you need it at a certain moment, use the wisdom of others to interpret your own voice. It is also hoped that students can love the classical culture of the motherland, master the skills of reading and reciting classical poetry, and cultivate the ability to appreciate classical poetry; appreciate the artistic conception of classical poetry, improve the level of appreciation of literary works, and enrich their own cultural accumulation.