This is a test paper sent to us by our teacher. Even if you don’t accept it, you should read it. I have been writing it for a long time.
Chinese reading problem-solving skills
1 , Key points summary type
1. Extract the original sentence from the passage as the answer. 2. Select important words and sentences from the text to form an answer. 3. Divide the relevant content into different levels. Generally, there are several levels and several key points.
2. Impressions and Enlightenment Category
1. Grasp the center of the passage, understand the meaning of the passage, and answer based on the center. 2. Contact yourself or the actual situation of society to trigger insights. 3. When choosing words and sentences, pay attention to three beauties: use ancient poems, famous quotes and aphorisms; make appropriate use of contrast, metaphor, parallelism and other figures of speech; use idioms. 4. Replacement method: Reinterpret the author's experience and opinions in the article in his own words.
3. Word Taste Category
1. Word Taste: A. Try to figure out the joy, anger, sorrow and joy expressed by the words. B. Analyze rhetorical techniques and understand the implicit meaning of words.
2. Sentence taste: A. See whether the sentence is philosophical: if it is philosophical. You can experience it from the enlightenment it brings to you.
B. Look at the sentence structure (different sentence patterns have different expression effects): declarative sentences have a calm tone and are tepid; interrogative sentences can attract readers' curiosity and create suspense; rhetorical questions can strengthen the language. Momentum; exclamatory sentences can express strong feelings; parallel sentences are in-depth and majestic.
C. Analysis from a rhetorical perspective: Metaphors make meanings easy to understand and concrete; exaggeration can highlight the characteristics of things; personification can make things vivid; contrasts give people a distinct impression; ironies appear humorous and ironic The meaning is strong.
4. Sentence Imitation: First review of rhetoric, second review of sentence structure, third analysis of the relationship between sentences, fourth consideration of style and color, fifth consideration of words to be retained and words to be replaced. Once you understand the rhetoric, sentence structure, relationship between sentences, and style and color, it will not be difficult to imitate. When you have no idea for answering the question, you should consider the words that are opposite and the same as the key words in the example sentence, for example: "There is no openness of the blue sky, but the leisurely white clouds can be the imitation of the sentence." From reviewing the questions, we can know: 1. Keep "without..., there can be..." 2. You can consider replacing the blue sky with "earth, mountains, oceans", etc. 3. Get the answer: "Without the vastness of the ocean, there can be the surging river; without the turbulence of the river, there can be the clarity of the creek; without the steepness of the mountains, there can be the elegance of the mounds; without the brightness of the high-rise buildings, there can be The warmth of thatched cottage” and so on.
5. Paragraph structure category
(1) It is required to understand the important paragraphs of the article and understand its role in the full text.
Class problem-solving mode: Look at the position of the sentence or paragraph in the text and select its role in the text. If used at the beginning of an article, it is mainly: to introduce the following, to lead the whole text, to induce suspense, to get straight to the point, to highlight the topic, to foreshadow, etc. If used in the middle of an article, it is mainly: connecting the previous and the following, summarizing the above and leading to the following. If used at the end of an article, it is mainly: summarizing the full text, echoing the beginning (title), highlighting the center, deepening the main idea of ??the article, etc.
(2) Summary content: (1) Describe the main content of the full text of the narrative: focus on the six elements. (2) Argumentative paragraph: focus on the first sentence and key sentences of the paragraph.
6. Supplement examples based on the points raised in the essay
Be sure to see clearly what kind of examples you are asked to give, whether they are from celebrities or others. 1. You can give examples of famous people, which will be more convincing and show your knowledge. However, you must write down the accurate characters and events, and avoid being pretentious. 2. Ordinary examples can also be given, and you can make them up, but you must be careful to have a sense of reality and avoid being too exaggerated, so that people will know at a glance that they are fabricated.
7. Introduction of arguments:
1. Argument: It is the author’s opinions and opinions on the things or issues discussed.
(1) Put forward the central argument straight to the point.
(2) Ask questions about the phenomenon. Present the central argument again.
(3) Put forward arguments based on a life example of personal experience.
(4) Lead questions from the story and then put forward arguments
(5) Use some method to present the central argument. For example: metaphor, comparison, etc.
Expression pattern of arguments: The expression form of an argument is often in the form of a judgment sentence expressing affirmation or negation. It must be a clear statement of attitude, which can be a single sentence or a complex sentence.
2. The position of the argument: A is often placed at the beginning of the article, B is placed in the middle of the article, C is placed at the end of the article, D is directly stated in the title, and E is not directly reflected in the article, but needs to be summarized by the reader.
3. Type of argument.
The argument includes: central argument and sub-argument. Junior high school argumentative essays generally have only one central argument.
4. Common question types in the exam:
① How the argument is presented, ② Summarize and find out the argument or central argument of the article.
5. Clear methods and steps for analyzing arguments: First, you must perceive the text as a whole, summarize the key points paragraph by paragraph (grasp the key words and sentences), and have a general understanding of the content of the article, and then Conduct specific analysis: (1) Pay attention to the general position of the argument. The argument is the author's opinion and claim on the issue being discussed, that is, the point that the article wants to prove. The position of arguments in an article is often determined by the author's argumentative needs. In other words, in order to better prove the argument, the author must consider the position of the argument carefully, reasonably, and effectively. Generally, there are the following types: 1. Look at the title. The title of an argumentative paper sometimes reveals the topic, and sometimes reveals the argument. Whether it reveals the topic or reveals the argument, it is helpful for us to find the argument. 2. Look at the beginning. As a method of writing, start with a topic. Examine the opening paragraph of the article and look for sentences that bring out the content of the article. 3. Watch the ending. At the end of the article, the author often summarizes the content discussed in the full text, sometimes referring back to the center, and sometimes not revealing the center until the end. (2) Review the topic. By reading clearly what the topic of the article is, you can still grasp the topic of the article, and then what are the author's views and opinions on this topic. In this way, the author's point of view will be clearer. (3) Use arguments to deduce arguments. In argumentative essays, in order to better explain the truth, the author often uses arguments to prove his point of view. That is to say, grasp the facts or road arguments used in the article to prove it. What you should especially grasp is the author's words about the arguments. These words can often help you understand.
8. Arguments - are the facts and truths used to prove the argument.
1. Types of arguments: ① Factual arguments - including historical facts, stories, examples in real life, phenomena existing in society, etc. ②Principal arguments - road arguments refer to correct theories that have been tested by people's practice and recognized by society, including social science theories, such as philosophical theories, natural science principles, theorems, formulas, and widely circulated proverbs, aphorisms, aphorisms, and poems wait.
2. The role of arguments: Whether they are theoretical arguments or factual arguments, their role in argumentative essays is to prove arguments. ——This is the general idea.
Common test question formats: 1. Supplementary arguments that are consistent with the content of the argument. (This requires students to A. master a relatively comprehensive argument, and B. think about whether the argument is consistent with the argument.) 2. Determine whether a certain paragraph or sentence is a factual argument or a theoretical argument. 3. The role of arguments.
9. Argument - is the method of using arguments to prove arguments.
Argumentation techniques and their functions: 1. Demonstration with examples: Use specific examples to effectively demonstrate XX’s point of view or argument. (Look for sentences that focus the discussion from the context, either the original words or your own summary) 2. Reasonable argument: quote famous quotes, be authoritative, and effectively demonstrate ××’s point of view or argument. 3. Metaphorical argument: easy to understand and vividly proves ××’s point of view or argument. 4. Comparative argument: clearly demonstrates XX’s point of view or argument. (Note: When answering the role of argumentation methods, consider first the content and then the argumentation perspective. A strong argument is essential. When looking for argumentation methods, follow the order of metaphorical argumentation, comparative argumentation, example argumentation, and rational argumentation. It will be foolproof.)
10. There are only two types of arguments: examples and arguments. 11. Answering rules for the role of the beginning of an argumentative essay.
Generally, the beginning has three functions, but it depends on how to start?
(1) (Example phenomena in life or scenes from life or quote poetry, etc.) Enhance the vividness of the article and attract readers
(2) Lead to the discussion below (Thinking, point of view, argument, topic)
(3) What arguments serve to prove the argument.
12. Functions of environmental description:
1. The main functions of social environment description: ① Explain the historical background of the work. ② When answering, you must combine the local background at that time and point out what kind of social reality the relevant sentences describing the environment in the passage reveal.
2. The main functions of description of the natural environment: ① To set off and exaggerate the atmosphere of ××, and to lay the foundation for what follows. ②Express the mood of the character ××. ③Indicate social environment. Combined with the specific context: setting up the background of XX, highlighting the image, deepening the theme, and forming a parallel with the beginning, making the article image, vivid, and enhancing the appeal of the article.
The role of environmental description can be judged from the following six situations: whether it heightens the character's mood, whether it exaggerates the atmosphere, whether it sets the background, whether it heightens the character's image, whether it deepens the theme, and whether it promotes the plot. development.
13. Expression functions
Common expression methods are as follows: narration, description, discussion, explanation, lyricism
Discussion in narratives: points Elucidate the center or sublimate the theme
14. Character-shaping techniques and their functions
Character-shaping techniques include: language, action, appearance (expression, portrait), psychology (frontal, side, details) description.
Answering method: This paragraph uses the descriptive technique of XX to create (if it is a side description, use a foil) the image of XX, express the physique of XX, and reflect the spiritual quality of XX.
15. Judgment categories of objects referred to by pronouns
1. Commonly used pronouns include: this, that, these, those, other, above, so, this... …;
2. Generally, search forward;
3. After finding it, put the found content in the sentence where the pronoun is located and read it to see if it is appropriate and smooth, and remember it : 1. Understand the attitude or tendency contained in the question stem. If the question stem is in the negative form, use the answer method of first negative and then positive to avoid missing the key points; if the question stem is in the affirmative form, use the correct answer method. Positive way of answering questions. 2. Clarify the composition of the language in the question stem and determine the language form of the answer. The structure of the question stem is the external form of the meaning, which hints at the aspects that make up the meaning of the sentence. Analyzing the structure can remind candidates how to organize the language when answering the question. 3. Understand the author’s words and the proposition person’s words in the question stem. The author’s statements appearing in the question are generally the objects that students need to understand and analyze, while the proposition person’s words generally play a role in guiding students to clarify the key points of the answer or provide restrictive conditions. 4. Change implicitness into directness, and change theory into generalization. The modern reading materials in the college entrance examination are mostly prose. The language not only has rich connotations, but also pays attention to artistic skills. Some are subtle and euphemistic, some are vivid and delicate, and some are concrete. Sentences with these characteristics have always been the focus of examination in the college entrance examination. When organizing the answer, you must first integrate the relevant information in the text, find out the most common points in the information conveyed by the relevant paragraphs in the original text, and then use the specific and visual statements in the text that attach the most common points of the information to combine these Convert concrete and figurative language into abstract and general language, which is the required answer. 5. Select, refine, and integrate sentences from the original text to answer. The purpose of the modern text reading test is to grasp and understand the message that the author wants to convey in the text. Therefore, you must understand the work according to the author's ideas and find answers from the original text. But it is not a direct excerpt. Sometimes the answer is based on a slight rewrite of the words or sentences in the article. Sometimes it is required to review the full text and extract relevant information from each paragraph to integrate it. This type of question appears most frequently in college entrance examinations. In addition, make sure you understand the nouns and terms commonly used in the test questions.