Direct lyric, also known as direct expression of mind, is a kind of lyric way to show love and hate attitude directly to related people and things. The Book of Songs and later Yuefu folk songs are mostly straightforward. If you miss your beloved girl, you will express "My Fair Lady, a Gentleman is a good gentleman" ("Nan Zhou Watching Luo"); The lover who missed the expedition actually declared that "I would like to think for Bo, and I would like to get sick first" ("Feng Wei Bo Xi"); "Know me that I worry, don't know me that I want. Who is this? " ("Feng Wang Li Shu") directly and frankly expressed the poet's deep sorrow; "Evil! I want to know you and live a long life. There are no graves in the mountains, rivers and mountains are exhausted, there is Lei Zhen in winter, and there is rain and snow in summer. Heaven and earth are United and dare to break with you. " Writing a woman's confession of "Jun" directly expresses the girl's true, perfect and intense love, which is frank and sincere and shocking.
Guan Hanqing's [double tone]? Shen Zui Dongfeng ""is far away, and there are no flowers under the moon at this moment. Holding a farewell cup, my eyes are full of parting tears. Just saying' take care and rest' is unbearable. Go easy and look forward to Wan Li'. "This song is about parting scenes and reluctant feelings. It is sincere and touching. There are many chapters in classical poetry about feelings of farewell. For example, Liu Yong's "Yulinling": "Holding hands to see tears, I am speechless" and so on. And the scene written is similar to this song. But the expression of this song is so frank and the language is so simple and natural, which is completely different from most euphemisms. Another example is Chen Ziang's "You Zhou Tower", where, in front of me, are the lost years? Behind me, where is the next generation? . I think of heaven and earth, there is no limit, there is no end, I am alone, and my tears fall. " With a generous and sad style, he directly expressed the poet's grief and frustration through his trip to Youzhou Taiwan.
Second, indirect lyricism,
As we all know, China's classical poems are very subtle and concise. Generally, when dealing with emotions, poets do not express their feelings directly, but express their feelings in one way or another. Narration is based on events, scenery is used to express one's feelings, objects are used to express one's feelings, and history is used to express one's feelings.
1, because of something, such as Qiu Si's "Looking at the Autumn Wind in Luoyang City" written by Zhang Ji in the Tang Dynasty, I want to write a very meaningful book. I was so anxious that I couldn't say it, and the pedestrians started again. With the help of a pregnant episode in daily life-the details of thoughts and actions when sending a letter home, this Qiu Si expresses the deep nostalgia of people who are away from home for their loved ones in a very real and delicate way. Another example is Bai Juyi's "Blue Bridge Post See Yuan Jiu Shi Hua", "Blue Bridge Chun Xue Jun returns to Japan, Qinling Autumn Wind when I go. Get off the horse at every post station and follow the wall around the column to find your poem. " This four-line poem, at first glance, is just a boring chronicle of the journey. At most, it is clear that he and Yuan have deep friendship and love for him and his poems. In fact, these seemingly dull twenty-eight words imply endless waves in the poet's heart. Precious friendship and * * * crying together are silent in the poem, which only makes readers discover the profound changes in personnel contained in Chun Xue's autumn wind and experience the poet's sad feelings. This is the so-called "words are shallow and deep, and the meaning is small and clear."
2. Lyricism through scenery: When a poet feels something about a scene, he entrusts his feelings to the scene and expresses them by describing the scene. This lyric way is called borrowing scenery to express emotion. In general, it is the happy scene of Syaraku's feelings, and the sad scene expresses sadness, but it is also useful to express sadness with the happy scene or sad scene of Syaraku's feelings.
Pleasure and pleasure: For example, in Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night written by Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty, "Good rain knows the season, and spring happens. Sneak into the night with the wind, moisten things silently. Wild trails and clouds are all black, and rivers and boats are bright. Look at the red and wet place, Jinguancheng flowers are heavy. " It is a masterpiece depicting the night scene of spring rain and expressing joy. Xie Lingyun's "Spring grass grows in the pool and garden willows turn into songbirds". From the spring grass, from the willows and singing birds in the garden, the poet felt the vitality of spring and showed his joy.
Sad scenery and feelings: for example, Liu Yuxi's "Stone City" is surrounded by mountains in the old country, and the tide hits the empty city and returns to loneliness. In the old moon east of Huaishui, I also came to the female wall at night. " The poet wrote the stone city in the silent mountains, in the cool tide and in the dim moonlight, which can especially show the decline and desolation of the old country. Only write mountains and rivers and bright moons, and the six generations of wealth are all gone. Every sentence in the poem is a scene, but there is not a scene that does not blend into the deep sadness of the poet's hometown depression and bleak life. Another example is Yuan Zhen's "Wenle Tiancai Jiangzhou Sima". "The residual lamp has no flame shadow. I heard that you are in Jiujiang this evening. Sitting up in critical condition, the black wind blows the rain and hits the cold window. " Yuan Zhen was exiled to other countries, seriously ill and in a bad mood. Now I suddenly heard that my best friend was wronged and demoted, and my heart was even more shocked. I am full of grievances and worries. With this sad mood, all the scenery becomes gloomy. The first sentence and the second sentence are both scenery language and emotional language, expressing feelings through sadness, and integrating feelings with scenery, which is "wonderful and boundless".
Joy and sadness: Jiang Zhai Shi Hua said: "Write sadness with joy and sorrow with Syaraku, and the sadness and joy will be doubled. For example, Du Fu's "Two quatrains" "Jiang Bi bird is too white, blue and white mountain burns. I saw it again this spring. When is the year of return? "Green rivers, lush mountains, red flowers, white birds, the scenery in late spring and early summer is not beautiful, but it is a pity that the years have passed and the return date is far away, which not only evokes the fun of playing, but also evokes the sadness of drifting. Another example is Zhang's "Thinking of Spring Ladies" in the Tang Dynasty. I forgot to pick the leaves in the cage and dreamed of fishing in the sun last night. " The beautiful scenery full of spring reflects the sadness and desolation of young women. Writing sad feelings with happy scenes has unique charm.
3. Entrust ambition with things: The poet uses the characteristics of something in nature to express some ambition or emotion, and the things in the poem are personalized. For example, Yu Shinan's "Cicada" says: "Drink dew and smell Shu Tong. It's not the autumn wind that makes you afraid to speak loudly. " Three or four sentences in the poem, with the unique feeling of cicadas singing far and wide, tell the truth contained in it, that is, a person with noble moral character can be famous far and near without some kind of outside help, thus expressing warm praise and high confidence in his inner moral character. Wang Anshi's "Beipi Apricot Blossom" "A vicious spring water surrounds the flower body, and the flower shadows are enchanting, each occupying the spring scenery. It is better to be blown into snow by the spring breeze than to be crushed into dust by Nanmo. " Apricot flowers, gorgeous and refined, are more graceful beside the water. This poem is about apricot blossoms that bloom near the water. It is a poem about things, and it is also the embodiment of the author's indifferent mood and noble personality. Better be a broken jade than a stubborn personality of Waquan.
4, chanting history: such as Zhang Kejiu's "[China]?" The "nostalgic" beauty selling flowers committed suicide by the banks of the Wujiang River. The war once burned Chibi Mountain, and the generals were old. The song "Sadness in Qin and Han Dynasties, Life Exhausted, Literati Sighed" lamented the war between rulers and nations in Qin and Han Dynasties, which brought great disasters to the people and showed the author's sympathy for the people's thoughts and feelings. Another example is Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane", "There are wild flowers on the Suzaku Bridge, and the sunset is oblique in Wuyi Lane. In the old society, Xie Wang Tang flew into the homes of ordinary people. " In the past, Suzaku Bridge, which was full of traffic, and Wuyi Lane, which was full of clothes, are now desolate and desolate, shrouded in a lonely and desolate atmosphere. From this, we can clearly hear the author's infinite feelings about this change.