Sentences, whether appreciating, commenting or talking about feelings, should be translated first, and then whether there are any special rhetorical devices to point out, and then talk about functions and highlights. Finally, talk about what the center is, tell the world what to do, and we should learn. ...
In a word, let's test sentence appreciation, that's all.
I'll get a Chinese book to tell you an example. I'm talking about one of our mock exams. It's Du Fu's "Looking at Yue"
Please appreciate this sentence: the creator has given all the mysterious natural grace here, and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. ..
A: The magical and beautiful scenery of nature is concentrated in it. The height of Mount Tai makes the mountains in the south different from those in the north. This poem uses exaggerated rhetoric to set off the beauty and height of Mount Tai, which makes people feel the majestic picture of Mount Tai.
No matter how you look at the artistic conception embodied in other mountains, they all look like dwarfs in the world. S theory?
I must climb the summit of Mount Tai. At that time, the mountains would be small from a distance. This sentence expresses yearning and contains philosophy of life. Only by bravely climbing can we enter the majestic realm overlooking everything and tell people to face difficulties and dare to climb!
I have been typing for a long time, and there may be typos, including many ~
We also have an ancient poem by China, Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Yang. What I just said is an ancient poem. We seldom appreciate classical Chinese. Just translating a sentence and so on, there are several explanations ~ it's not too difficult ~ it's extracurricular classical Chinese. I think it's very simple. I lose points every time .................................................................................................................................................................
Oh, oh? Landscape writer? I just saw it ... for nothing ... tangled, and so did the landscape writer. No matter how you appreciate it, you should translate it and study it deeply.
In other words, my key high school may be hopeless.
Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, worried again. ...
You also come.
2. Classical Chinese paragraphs and mountain appreciation 1. Appreciation of the beauty of mountains and rivers in China's books.
The mountain peaks soar into the sky and the streams are crystal clear. The stone walls on both sides are colorful and set each other off.
Green Woods, green bamboo clusters, four. The fog will rest at dawn, and apes and birds will sing wildly.
Night is coming and the scales are sinking. This is really a fairyland on earth.
Lingyun in Kasper? in the Southern Dynasties, so far no one can appreciate its wonders. This article is selected from the appreciation article "Ancient Three Dynasties, Three Kingdoms, Qin and Han Dynasties and Six Dynasties". The author starts with people's attitude towards mountains and rivers: Throughout the ages, no one has not praised mountains and rivers, especially those in the south of the Yangtze River, which are charming, beautiful, delicate, so elegant and so elegant.
Then it describes the landscape, stone walls, jungles, bamboo forests and the scenes in the morning and evening, expressing the author's admiration for the landscape. Finally, the author lamented: After Xie Lingyun, who can enjoy such beautiful scenery? Looking around the world, all the noise is fame and fortune, and how many people can devote themselves to nature? A gloomy feeling, quietly revealed.
The whole article is sixty-eight characters, with mountains and rivers, bamboo forests, misty clouds, apes and birds, metaphors, exaggerations, personification, positive descriptions, side descriptions, etc ... It is full of endless interest and vitality, making people feel like they are in a fairyland on earth. Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties "Poetry is metaphysics, and writing style is parallel", which is unique.
After reading it, I have no mortal heart, and my heart is clear. You can intercept a part or a paragraph as needed. 2. After "Red Cliff Fu" (landscape description part), the Sushi River flows with the sound and breaks its banks in thousands of feet; The mountain is high and the moon is small, and the truth comes out.
Once the sun and the moon were geometric, but the mountains and rivers were unrecognizable. Jade wears clothes, walks stones, wears velvet, lives in tigers and leopards, climbs dragons, climbs storks' dangerous nests and overlooks the secluded palace in Feng Yi.
You can't cover two guests at will. However, the whistling, the vibration of vegetation, the sound of mountains and valleys, and the wind and water are surging.
Giving is also quiet and sad, awe and fear, and it is impossible to stay. Instead, get on the boat, let it flow and stop it.
It will be half past midnight, and I will be lonely. There is a solitary crane, and the river comes from the east.
Wings, like wheels, suddenly rang and swept to the boat and left to the west. Appreciating the selected passages, there are only four sentences describing the scenery, but they describe the unique night view of the cliff, the clear moon, the slow splash of water and the sound of stones in early winter, which induces the elegance of the host and guest to abandon the boat and climb the cliff. Here, the author uses pen and ink to write the artistic conception of the night tour in Chibi, the quiet, quiet mountains and rivers, the strange and thrilling scenery, which is even more open-minded and far-reaching.
And the sight of "roaring like thunder, grass shaking, mountains ringing and valleys ringing, wind surging and water surging" made him feel sad and worried, and he had to return to the boat. This article was a stroke of genius when it was written here. After writing a lonely crane's "crossing the river east" and "suddenly singing", wipe the boat west. As a result, the author, who was already lonely, was a little more compassionate, and the article revived the ups and downs, which also laid the groundwork for writing dreams below.
3. The story (describing the landscape) Su Shi went to Mingmo and took a boat with Mai to the cliff. Thousands of feet stand on the edge of the big stone, like beasts and ghosts, eager to hit people, while storks perch on the top of the mountain, and their voices start to soar into the sky.
Others said, "This stork is also a crane. If the old man is dying, he will smile in the valley." Yu Fang wanted to return, but he made a loud sound on the water, like a bell and drum, and everyone on board was afraid.
If you can examine it, the mountain is full of caves, and I don't know its shallow depth. The microwave enters and the culvert surges. The ship returned to the two mountains and entered the port. There are big stones flowing in it, which can seat 100 people. The air is full of tricks, feng shui and muffled cymbals, corresponding to the people facing it.
Because he smiled, he said, "What do you know? If stunned, Zhou didn't shoot; Wei Xianzi's songs are also bells. Ancient people can't be bullied. "
Appreciate the time and place of visiting fellow travelers in Shi Zhongshan, and then write down the scene under the cliff: seeing the big stone standing on the side of thousands of feet, it looks like a monster and wants to fight with people; I heard the scream of the stork in the sky and the strange call of the stork in the valley, coughing and laughing like an old man. It depicts a gloomy night scene of Shi Zhongshan, which is far and near, high and low, dynamic and static, tangible and vivid, making people feel immersive.
This description highlights the eerie environment atmosphere, highlights the difficulty of visiting in person, and lays the foundation for the following criticism that "the scholar-officials refused to spend the night under the boat cliff". On the other hand, when the writer "anxious to return" suddenly "shouted loudly on the water like a bell and drum", which frightened the boat people, but the writer was attracted.
He "looked at it slowly" and found that "there is a cave at the foot of the mountain, I don't know how deep it is, and it is also because of this" that he found out the reason for the "sound". But things didn't stop there, and there were waves below.
When the author "sailed back to the two mountains", he found a "big stone flowing in the harbor" ... the air was full of tricks, suffocating with the wind and boring sounds. The author's investigation of these two sounds is extremely detailed and in-depth, which confirms Li's statement in the first paragraph: "Microwave enters the cloud" and "Breathe in and out with Feng Shui" take care of "cool breeze and drum waves" respectively; "there are caves at the foot of the mountain ... and the culvert is weak and surging, so it is also" empty and porous with the big stone ",taking care of" water and stone are exciting "respectively; "Like a Bell and Drum" and "The Sound of Stuffy" take care of "Sound like Hong Zhong" respectively.
This not only confirms Li's theory, but also makes a detailed supplement to "Jane", paving the way for the last paragraph of "Jane".
3. Comment on Middle School Students' Ancient Chinese Writing "Yueyang Tower" Fan Zhongyan was in Wenqing Yuan for four years, and Teng (a feudal dynasty official was demoted or transferred) was guarding Baling County.
Next year, the government will be harmonious and waste tools will flourish. Is to rebuild Yueyang Tower, add its old system, and engrave Tang Xian's poems on it.
Write a composition and remember it. Yu Baling wins (good scenery), in Dongting Lake.
Take a distant mountain, swallow the Yangtze River, and make a huge soup (like a mighty water wave), with an endless horizon (edge); Zhao Hui (sunny) is cloudy and full of weather. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower.
Everything the elder said is ready. However, in Wuxia in the north and Xiaoxiang in the south pole, poets who moved guests will come here more often, so it is not unusual to feel the feelings of things. If it rains (drizzling), the moon will not open (clearing up), the evil wind will howl, and the turbid waves will be empty (rushing to the sky); The sun, moon and stars are hidden, and the mountains are hidden; Business travel is bad and ruined; At dusk (near), tigers roar and apes crow.
When you go to the temple building, you are homesick, sad, sad and sad. If the spring is bright, the scenery (sunshine) is bright, the waves are calm and the sky is bright and blue; Sha Ou Ji Xiang, Jinlian (beautiful fish) swimming; The coast is blue and green.
Or the long smoke is exhausted, the bright moon is thousands of miles away, the light is shining, the static shadow is sinking, and the fishing songs are answered. How happy I am! When you climb the stairs, you will feel relaxed and happy, you will forget the humiliation and leave the wine in the wind, which will make you happy. Hey, honey! What is it to try (once) to seek (explore) the heart of the ancient benevolent, or to do something different? Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself; If you live high in a temple, you will worry about your people; If you stay away from the Jianghu, you will worry about your husband.
It's worrying about going in and going out. But when will you be happy? It must be said that "worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world."
Hey! Micro (no) people, who are we? September 15th, six years. In the spring of the fourth year of Qing Dynasty, Teng was demoted to Yuezhou and became.
In the second year, the government was smooth and the people were happy, and many things that had been abandoned were set up. So the Yueyang Tower was rebuilt, and the original scale was expanded. The poems of celebrities and contemporary people in the Tang Dynasty were also engraved on the upstairs.
Entrust me to write an article about it. I saw the beautiful scenery of Yuezhou, all in Dongting Lake.
It embraces distant mountains and swallows the water of the Yangtze River. Water is boundless. The sun shines in the morning, and the yin condenses at night, and the scene is ever-changing. This is a magnificent sight of Yueyang Tower.
The previous account has been very detailed. In this case, it leads to Wuxia in the north, Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang River in the south. Most of the relegated historians and poets come here to get together and enjoy the natural scenery. Can it be any different emotionally? If the continuous rainy days do not clear up, the gloomy wind will roar and the turbid waves will rush into the white sky; The sun, the moon and the stars have lost their luster, and the mountains have disappeared; Businessmen and passengers failed, the mast fell and the oars broke; It was dark at night, the tiger roared and the ape cried sadly.
At this time, when you board this building, you will feel homesick when you leave the country, worried about the slander of traitors and the ridicule of bad people, full of depression and neglect, and extremely sad and angry. In spring, the weather is sunny and the waves can't afford it. The blue sky and the water color set each other off, and the green is boundless; Groups of Sha Ou sometimes fly and sometimes stop, and beautiful fish sometimes float and sometimes swim; Vanilla on the shore and orchid in Xiaozhou are rich in fragrance and green in color.
Sometimes a large area of smoke completely dissipates, the bright moon shines thousands of miles on the earth, the floating moonlight is like shining golden light, the quiet moon image shows white, and the fishermen sing with each other. How can this happiness be endless! When you board Yueyang Tower, you will have a cheerful attitude and a happy spirit. I forgot all about honor and disgrace, and all kinds of feelings and expressions were extremely pleasant. I used to explore the thoughts and feelings of ancient nobles, which may be different from the two thoughts and feelings mentioned above. Why? They are not happy or sad about the quality of foreign things and their own gains and losses, but they are worried about his people being senior officials in the court; Worried about his king in the remote Jianghu.
This is also worried about becoming an official in the DPRK, resigning and living in seclusion. So, when will you be happy? They will definitely say, "Be sad before the sorrow of the whole world, and be happy after the happiness of the whole world".
Alas! Without this person, who would I be with? Written on September 15th, 2006 in Li Qing (1046), thinking about the source of drinking water, and seeking the root through interpretation. This root is the reason why the author writes.
How did The Story of Yueyang Tower come into being? When teaching this article, the teacher should look for this root with the students. This root is clearly stated in the article: "In the spring of four years, Teng Zijing was ordered to guard Baling County ... and it was written to remember it."
Although Teng died, it made Baling "a harmonious society and prosperous society", which shows that Teng is the pillar of the country. Less than a year after he took office, he made great achievements and rebuilt Yueyang Tower. In ancient times, when people built pavilions, they often wrote articles describing the process and historical evolution of construction and repair. Teng Amethyst asked his friend Fan Zhongyan to write a note.
Why not invite friends? At this time, Fan Zhongyan was demoted as a magistrate in Dengzhou, which was really awesome.
The difference is that Fan Zhongyan and Teng are very different in life. Teng, who is "optimistic and charming", is a good-tempered, willful and conceited person. It is difficult to listen to other people's opinions. He always resents his unreasonable dismissal and often complains.
It is said that on the day Yueyang Tower was completed, his subordinates came to congratulate him, but he said, "What a success! After drinking it in one gulp, it will be more than a dozen times. " When he should be happy, Teng is full of all kinds of sadness, which shows that he has not yet come out of the official blow.
You can read the full text of Yueyang Tower, but you can't find this feeling of resentment because of being demoted. Why is this? The reason is Fan Zhongyan.
Generally speaking, "if you let the minister drive away the guests, once you are far away, your sad and haggard sighs are all caused by your poems, which are particularly sour, and some people can't send them themselves." Fan Zhongyan, however, can be free and easy when he is hit by setbacks, regardless of things and himself.
As a friend of Teng, Fan Zhongyan always tries to persuade him, but never speaks. Later, Teng wrote to Fan Zhongyan and asked him to write an inscription for Yueyang Tower, so that Fan Zhongyan could speak for his old friend. The article wrote, "Don't be happy with things, don't be happy with things."
4. How to appreciate a successful poem must have unique artistic techniques and skills. An important part of appreciating ancient poetry is appreciating the artistic techniques and skills of poetry, which is both the focus and the difficulty of appreciating ancient poetry. The appreciation of artistic skills generally includes three aspects: the evaluation of expressive techniques, the appreciation of artistic techniques and the appreciation of rhetorical techniques. Description, lyricism and discussion. The so-called evaluation of expression means that we can distinguish which expressions are used in poetry and their functions. 1, narrative. In the works, people and events are explained and introduced, such as "Prepare chicken rice for me, so old friend, you entertain me at your farm" (Meng Haoran's Crossing the Ancient Village), "Bowing in the corner of the wind, the general hunts the acropolis" (Wang Wei's Hunting, the soldiers return home in full finery) (Li Bai's Visiting the Ancient Vietnam). 2. description. Give a concrete and vivid description of the shapes and characteristics of people, things and environment. With the language of images, readers can see their people, hear their voices and see their things, and feel at home, such as "moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream" (Mountain in Autumn Night by Wang Wei) and "Three Mountains". Lyric. Express subjective feelings and self-feelings in works. For example, "I would like to cut Loulan with a machete" (Xia Sai Qu by Li Bai), "We met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? It is the end of the world "(Bai Juyi's" Pipa ") and so on. 4. discuss it. Explain my point of view directly in my works and show my attitude. For example, "if I live as an outstanding person, I will die." The comeback is unknown (Du Mu's Pavilion on the Wujiang River) and so on. These four expressions are not completely separated in specific applications, but often fused together. We need to pay attention to this point, such as "but before he conquered, he was dead, and the hero cried on their coats" (Du Fu's Book of Letters), which combines four expressions: narrative, description, lyricism and discussion. Second, appreciation of artistic techniques. 00000000000106 From the description of the pen, there are meticulous and line drawing; From the content of description, there are scenery description and character description. 2. Artistic techniques of lyric: There are two main ways of lyric: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Most ancient poems express their feelings with the help of scenery. As the saying goes, "all scenery words are sentimental words", there are usually four kinds of relationships between scenery and emotion: Syaraku's feelings with pleasure; Write sad feelings with sad scenes; Happy to write mourning; Mourn Syaraku's feelings. 3. It involves positive contrast and negative contrast. 4. Contrast technology. 5. Fu Bixing's technique. 6. Use allusions. 7. Virtual writing and real writing. 8. Symbolism. (See Appendix for details. ) 3. Rhetorical devices The rhetorical devices commonly used in appreciation of ancient poems include metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, metonymy, antithesis, and rhetorical questions. And can analyze their artistic effects. (See Appendix for details. Attachment: Examples of artistic techniques and rhetorical devices 1. Bixing Techniques: Fu Bixing is a summary of the poetic expression techniques in The Book of Songs, China's earliest poetry collection. Later poems inherited the expressive techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing. Fu is to describe the scenery in detail and express the author's attitude, such as the Book of Songs. In Cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia, "Cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia is like cutting Dalbergia Dalbergia, and the river is dry", "If you don't get enough crops, you won't hunt. If there are gentlemen in counties and counties in Hu Zhaner's court, you won't eat vegetarian food!" Describe a group of logging slaves cutting ebony for slave owners to make cars. In the arduous labor, they think that slave owners get something for nothing and can't restrain their inner anger. Storytelling compares the slave owner to a big mouse, using the method of comparison. Xing means "say something else first to arouse the words to be sung", such as The Book of Songs? "The river is clear and blue" in Sandalwood Punishment belongs to "Xing", which leads to the following narrative. "Xing" and "Bi" are often combined in a poem. For example, the beginning of "Peacock flies southeast, drifting five miles" is both "Xing" and "Bi". 2. Direct expression and indirect expression. Expressing one's feelings implicitly is indirect lyricism. China's classical poetry pursues implication, so it is often indirect lyricism, in order to achieve a blend of scenes. "All scenes have feelings", and scene blending is a common method in classical poetry. Whether the scene blends is a sign to judge whether the classical poetry has artistic conception. Whether there is artistic conception is also a sign to judge whether classical poetry is excellent or not. For example, Zhang Kejiu's "[Double Tone] Qingjiang Tone? Qiu Huai: The west wind came to Wan Li and asked me if geese would sing red leaves before returning. People are intoxicated by the yellow flowers and banana rain and hear Qiu Meng. The poet grasped the meaning of the topic and painted a bleak autumn scenery with west wind, wild geese, red leaves, yellow flowers, plantains and rain. The arrival of the west wind is related to the uncertainty of the return date. Because of The Sound of Banana Rain, I set off my fame and sadness, tossing and turning. Every sentence is about scenery, and every sentence is lyrical, with a high degree of unity between emotion and scenery.
5. Appreciation of ancient poetry in junior high school scenery writing Li Hua, improvisation in spring.
At the gate of Yiyang, the grass is flourishing and the water flows east and west. Fragrant trees have no flowers, and birds are singing all the way to the spring mountain.
What landscapes (grass, water, trees, flowers, mountains and birds) are written in this poem? What are its characteristics (overgrown with weeds, gurgling streams, no one under the trees, withered spring flowers, empty Shan Ye, birds and flowers)? Do you feel anything (yes)? What are your feelings (hurting spring and feeling sad)? It is not difficult to see from this poem that the author chose a group of images such as grass, water, trees, mountains, flowers and birds, which can be described as a scene in one sentence. But it is not a simple description of the scenery, but an emotional scenery, which reveals a trace of sadness from the image characteristics of "flowers falling to the ground" and "birds singing in the air" in the poem.
Tian Jingsha Qiu Si, Ma Zhiyuan
Old vines are faint crows, small bridges are flowing, and old roads are thin horses. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world.
This song uses nine nouns to describe the unique and interrelated scenery, and with a summary and ingenious artistic conception, it constitutes a sunset picture in the autumn suburbs filled with cold atmosphere and gloomy colors. Homesick crows in the twilight, comfortable and comfortable families and tired old horses set off the wandering wanderers' feelings of homesickness, wandering and suffering. The nine nouns in the song are exactly nine images, and each image is implicated in the author's wandering mind. They organically form a dense image group. This seemingly simple combination of images unexpectedly produced a strong artistic appeal and became Song Yuan's swan song.
6. Paragraphs describing scenery in ancient Chinese prose and appreciation (preferably from Grade One to Grade Two) 1. With the firecrackers, spring came, and the spring breeze warmed Tu Su.
3. The Spring Rain Building listens to the spring rain all night, and the deep alley sells apricot flowers.
3. Blooming spring flowers, a snow in Dongzhu, and a clear life.
The spring night is deeper, and people are in the middle of the night.
5. Spring water is brighter than the sky. Draw a boat and listen to the rain.
6. Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan. When will the bright moon shine on me?
7. Spring is easy to recognize the east wind, and colorful is always spring.
8. Try to watch spring scenery on the detached stage, and spring water is half the city.
9. The east wind in spring knows that I want mountains and blows down the rain between the eaves.
10. Spring's thinking and longing for love, even this bright flame of love, are there only ashes? .
1 1. The spring is quiet, the spring tide comes late, and there is no boat crossing the wild.
12. Spring sorrow asks how much sorrow you can have, just like a river flowing eastward.
13. Once you put your dream pillow, you can go to Jiangnan, Wan Li.
14. Spring naturally hates life, which has nothing to do with romance.
15. Rejuvenation is not heartless. Turning into spring mud will protect flowers.
16. Spring is coming! Look, the melting ice water woke up the stream. "Ding Dong, Ding Dong", it is like a magical singer of nature, singing crisp and sweet songs and rushing forward.
17. The willows spread their yellow and green leaves and swayed gently in the slight spring breeze, just like groups of fairies in green clothes dancing. Peach trees sandwiched between willows also have bright flowers, green Liuhonghua, which is really beautiful!
18. Every spring, kapok as red as fire, peony as pink as chardonnay and Chinese rose as white as jade are in full bloom. Some are in bud, some are in bud, and some are in full bloom. Wave after wave of exciting flowers attracted many small bees, humming and dancing.
19. The tender buds on the branches of Chinese fir are quite tender, reflecting the bright sky. Do you think spring can be far behind?