1. Animals
1. Cicada
Feeling one’s life experience and complaining about the desolation: King Luo Bin of the Tang Dynasty’s "Cicada": "The sound of cicadas sings in the West, and guests from Nanguan Deep in thought. I can't bear the shadow on my hair. It's hard to fly with heavy dew, and it's easy to sink when the wind blows. Who can express my deep thoughts in prison? The feeling of home can be found in every sentence of the poet's own injustice and self-confidence in personality.
The pain of parting is the pain of traveling far away: Song Liuyong's "Rain Lin Ling": "The cicadas are mournful, facing the long pavilion at night, and the showers have begun to subside." Before the separation is directly described, a feeling of separation is brewed that is enough to touch the sadness of separation. atmosphere. "Late Cicada" written by Lu Yin of the Tang Dynasty: "The slanting rays of light are hidden deep in the back of tall willows, and one can stand alone and feel the sorrow of the past. I am still afraid that the traveler's head is not white, and he repeatedly moves the tree and flies away with the sound." The cicada is written to induce sorrow with its sound. The traveler has made a journey, and the flying cicada Following Ming Yicheng, it seems that he is in trouble with pedestrians, and writes about the poet's heavy mood of sadness along the way.
2. Hongyan
Hongyan is a migratory bird that migrates south every autumn, often causing travelers to feel homesick for their homes and relatives and sad to travel. For example, Li Yi of the Tang Dynasty wrote in "Hearing the Flute on a Spring Night": "There are endless geese in Dongting all night long, and they will fly north before dawn." Some letters are also referred to as swan geese. For example, "When will the swan geese arrive, the river will be full of autumn water" (Du Fu's "The End of the Day with Li Bai").
3. Cuckoo
Cuckoo, also known as Du Yu and Zigui, has a sad cry. In classical poetry, it is often related to sadness and longing for home. "It is worthy of the lonely house to be closed in the cold spring, and the sun sets in the dusk in the sound of cuckoos." Qin Guan used the sound of cuckoos in his poem to exaggerate the sadness of the lonely house and convey the poet's sadness and homesickness. "Zhuang Sheng was fascinated by butterflies in his dawn dream, and looked forward to the emperor's spring heart with cuckoos." Li Shangyin used cuckoos in his poem to express his deep thoughts. "During the morning and evening, I heard something, the cuckoo cries and the blood ape screams." Bai Juyi used the cuckoo's cry of blood to exaggerate the desolation of Jiangzhou and express his sorrow for being demoted to Jiangzhou.
4. Partridge
The cry of partridge makes people sound like "brother who can't do it", which can easily evoke the association of difficult and dangerous journeys and the sadness of separation. For example, "The river is full of sorrow at night, and partridges are heard deep in the mountains" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man? Shu Jiangxi Ostomy Wall"); "The palace maids are like flowers all over the spring palace, and now only partridges are flying" (Li Bai's "Visiting the Ancients in Yuezhong") Here it is It also serves as a symbol of decay, and its cry often heralds sadness and decline.
5. Oriole
Good at singing, it is a symbol of spring. "Thousands of miles of orioles are singing, the green is reflected in red, and the wind is flowing with wine flags in water villages and mountains" (Du Mu's "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River"). Du Mu uses oriole singing to write about the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River; "A few early orioles are vying for warmth in the trees, and the new swallows are pecking at the spring mud" (Bai Juyi In "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake"), Bai Juyi used the singing of orioles and the light flight of swallows to illustrate the arrival of spring.
2. Plants
1. Willow
"Liu" is a homophonic pronunciation of "Liu", and breaking willow means leaving each other. Therefore, the ancients had the custom of breaking willows to say goodbye, so "willow" has the meaning of sadness and farewell. "The Book of Songs? Xiaoya? Picking Wei": "In the past, I went away, and the willows clung to me. Now I come to think about it, and the rain and snow are falling." Willow. In Yong's "Yulin Ling" there is "Where to wake up tonight, the willow bank, the dawn wind and the waning moon" to express the sadness of parting. Li Bai's "Recalling Qin'e" has "The moon in Qinlou, the willow color every year, the mausoleum hurts farewell." It also expresses the emotion of sadness and farewell.
2. Plum
"Plum" has the characteristics of being "cold-resistant", and the poet uses it to express his aloofness and unconventional character. Lu You's "Ode to Plum": "Scattered into mud" After grinding into dust, only the fragrance remains the same. "Mo Mei" written by Wang Mian of Heyuan Dynasty said: "Don't let others praise the good color, only leave the pure air to fill the world." Plum blossoms reflect one's unwillingness to join in the evil. Plum blossoms are the first to bloom in the severe cold, and then lead to the fragrance of the brilliant flowers. Chen Liang of the Song Dynasty's "Plum Blossoms": "One suddenly changes first, and all flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristic of plum blossoms blooming first and wrote The quality of not being afraid of setbacks and daring to be the first in the world is not only praising Mei, but also praising himself.
3. Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum, the proud flower of frost, has strong character and noble temperament. Qu Yuan's "Li Sao": "Drinking magnolias in the morning make the dew fall, and dining with autumn chrysanthemums in the evening." The poet symbolizes his nobility and purity of character by drinking dew and eating flowers. "Chrysanthemums" written by Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty: "Autumn bushes surround the house like Tao's house, and the fence is gradually sloping. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers. There will be no flowers when the flowers are in bloom." It expresses the poet's pursuit of steadfastness and noble character.
4. Lotus
"Lotus" and "pity" have the same sound, and poems are used to express love. For example, "Xizhou Song" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "In autumn, the lotus flowers are more than people's heads when picking lotus in Nantang; I lower my head to get the lotus seeds, which are as green as water." "Lotus seeds" means "pity" and "qing" means "qing". This is both real and fictitious writing, with semantic puns and homophonic pun rhetoric, expressing a woman's deep longing for the man she loves and the purity of her love.
5. Wutong
The Wutong is a symbol of desolation and sadness. Xu Zaisi, a Yuan Dynasty man, wrote in "Double Tune Water Fairy? Night Rain": "The sound of sycamore leaves and the sound of autumn, the sound of banana leaves and the sadness, the third watch returns to the dream after the third watch." The sorrowful thoughts are written with the leaves of the phoenix tree falling and the rain hitting the banana trees. Others such as "One leaf, one sound, the empty steps are dripping into the morning" (Tang Dynasty Wen Tingyun's "Geng Liuzi"), "The sycamore tree is also drizzling, and it is dusk, bit by bit" (Li Qingzhao's "Slow Sound"), etc.
6. Fragrant grass
Fragrant grass is used as a metaphor for separation and hatred, Li Yu's "Qing Ping Le": "Lifting hatred is just like spring grass, which can travel further and return to life."
"Let people see the endless life of separation, and the endless grass reflects the spread and renewal of love.
Use fragrant grass to describe the person you miss: "If you have few close friends, where can you find fragrant grass in the world" ( Zhu Dunru's "The Proud Fisherman"), "There is no fragrant grass anywhere in the world" (Su Shi's "Butterfly Loves Flowers"), there is another saying that the fragrant grass is the close friend.
The fragrant grass comes back year after year, causing time to rush. Life is short and time is precious. "It's a pity that spring is so idle, so cloudy and sunny." There are clouds on the south and north of the Yangtze River. Ask where you can find fragrant grass." (Zhu Dunru, "Yi Luo Suo") To cherish the fragrant grass is to cherish life.
3. Natural phenomena
1. The bright moon
The bright moon contains the sadness of homesickness, such as "Three hundred thousand people were recruited in Qili, and I looked back at the middle of the month" (Li Yi of the Tang Dynasty, "Conquering the Army in the North"), which can not suppress the tragic homesickness. "Raise your head to look at the bright moon, lower your head to think about your hometown" (Li Bai's "Quiet Night Thoughts" in the Tang Dynasty). Looking at the moon and homesickness is extremely sentimental; "The east wind blew in the small building last night, and the motherland cannot bear to look back in the bright moon" (Li Yu's "Poppy Beauty" in the Southern Tang Dynasty) It expresses the unique pain of the subjugated king. The bright moon is the emotional sustenance, such as Zhang Jiuling's hope and longing for "the bright moon rises on the sea, and the world is at this time"
2. Flowing Water
<. p>Flowing water can often cause people to sigh about the passage of time, the long-lasting melancholy, and the changes in history. "When will the rivers reach the sea from the east and return to the west again?" "("Collection of Yuefu Poems? Songs of Xianghe") The poet thinks about the passing of time when he sees the flowing water; "cutting off the water with a knife, the water will flow more, raising a cup to relieve sorrow, and the sorrow will become even more sorrowful" (Li Bai), "asking you how much sorrow you can have is just like a "The spring water of the river flows eastward" (Li Yu's "Yu Meiren") The continuous flow of water makes people helpless; "The mountains surround the motherland, and the tide beats the empty city and returns lonely" (Liu Yuxi's "Stone City") The flowing water retreats silently with a chill, It gives people a sense of the depression of the motherland and the desolation of life.3 Dusk and sunset
Sentimental mood: Li Qingzhao's "Slow Sound" "The sycamore trees are drizzling, and the rain is coming." Bit by bit in the dusk, this time, how could there be such a thing as "sorrow". "The dusk is so deserted, and the poet is naturally lonely and sad. This kind of sadness in the dusk is often also reflected in sentimental scenes such as parting, lovesickness, and family resentment, such as "Dongli drinks wine after dusk, and there is a faint fragrance filling the sleeves." "(Li Qingzhao's "Drunk Flower Yin").
Life in the twilight of life laments: "It is already dusk and I am sad alone, and it is even more windy and rainy. "(Lu You's "Bu Suanzi? Ode to Plum Blossoms")
The sad connotation of mourning the past and remembering the past: "The west wind is still shining, and the Han family mausoleum is shining. "(Li Bai's "Recalling Qin'e")
4. Drizzle and smoke
The drizzle and the endless smoke express the poet's endless melancholy and depressed mood. "Boundless silk rain "It's as fine as sorrow" (Qin Guan), the drizzle is continuous, and sorrow is filled. "Where is the hometown at dusk, the mist on the Yanbo River makes people sad" (Cui Hao) Can't return home, or wandering in other places, not knowing where home is, gradually rising The smoke caused by the smoke makes people feel a lot of sadness.
4. Seasonal festivals
1. Mid-Autumn Festival
On August 15th, the whole family enjoys the moon. It is a festive season, so people miss their loved ones mostly on this day. For example, Wang Jian of Tang Dynasty wrote in "Looking at the Moon on the Fifteenth Night": "Tonight, all the white people are looking at the moon. I wonder who is missing in autumn?" "
2. Double Ninth Festival
On the ninth day of September, the ancients used nine as the yang number. On the Double Ninth Festival, the ancients had the custom of climbing high to drink. As written in Du Fu's "Nine Days" : "Drinking a glass of wine alone during the Double Ninth Festival, I got sick and climbed the river to the stage. "
3. Cold Food
On the day before Tomb Sweeping Day, fires are banned for three days during the Cold Food Festival. Tens of thousands of households are smoke-free, which is related to desolation and depression. For example, "It is forbidden to fire in the rain and it is cold in the air." "The orioles on the river sit alone and listen". ("Cold Food to the Brothers in the Capital" by Wei Yingwu of the Tang Dynasty)
4. Qingming
The name of the solar term in March is also the day for ancestor worship and grave sweeping. For example, Du Mu's "Qingming": "It rains heavily during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to lose their souls. "
5. Vegetation
Use the lush vegetation to contrast the desolation, to express the emotions of prosperity and decline. For example, "Ten miles past the spring breeze, all the shepherds and wheat are green." "(Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slowness"), "The green grass reflects the spring color on the steps, and the oriole sounds good in the sky through the leaves. "(Du Fu's "The Prime Minister of Shu"), "Weeds and flowers beside the Suzaku Bridge, and the setting sun was setting at the entrance of Wuyi Lane. "(Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane") etc.
5. Specific location categories
1. Changting Pavilion
In ancient times, there were pavilions along the roads for traveling. To rest or say farewell, there is a long pavilion for ten miles and a short pavilion for five miles. "Long pavilion" is an image that contains the feeling of attachment and farewell. "Written about the sad scene of people looking at a short pavilion and a long pavilion without seeing anyone coming back. Wang Shifu's "The Romance of the West Chamber": "Looking at a long pavilion ten miles away, I lost my jade skin. Who knows this hatred? "It also expresses the sadness of parting.
2. Nanpu
Nanpu is often seen in farewell poems on the southern waterways, imbued with parting love and hatred. There is "Farewell" in Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" There is a famous saying in "Beauty comes to Nanpu". Fan Chengda's "Hengtang" also has: "When spring comes in Nanpu, the river is green, and the stone bridge and the red pagoda are still there." "
3. Nanshan
represents a place of seclusion. In Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" there is "Beans are planted at the foot of Nanshan, and the grass is full of bean sprouts", and in "Drinking" there is " Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, I can see the Nanshan Mountain leisurely."
Most of the images in ancient poems have relatively fixed meanings.
Grasping these meanings is very helpful for us to understand the ideological content of poetry and correctly answer poetry appreciation questions.
Examples of common images and meanings in ancient poems
Gong Yongjun
Most of the images in ancient poems have relatively fixed meanings. Grasping these meanings is very helpful for us to understand the ideological content of poetry and correctly answer poetry appreciation questions.
1. Animals
1. Cicada
Feeling one’s life experience and complaining about the desolation: King Luo Bin of the Tang Dynasty’s "Cicada": "The sound of cicadas sings in the West, and guests from Nanguan Think deeply. I can't bear the shadow of my hair. It's hard to fly with heavy dew, and it's easy to sink when the wind blows. Who can express my deep thoughts in prison? The feeling of home can be found in every sentence of the poet's own injustice and self-confidence in personality.
The pain of parting is the pain of traveling far away: Song Liuyong's "Rain Lin Ling": "The cicadas are sad, facing the long pavilion at night, and the showers have begun to subside." Before the separation is directly described, a feeling of separation is brewed that is enough to touch the sadness of separation. atmosphere. "Late Cicada" written by Lu Yin of the Tang Dynasty: "The slanting rays of light are hidden deep in the back of tall willows, and one can stand alone and feel the sorrow of the past. I am still afraid that the traveler's head is not white, and he repeatedly moves the tree and flies away with the sound." The cicada is written to induce sorrow with its sound. The traveler has made a journey, and the flying cicada Following Ming Yicheng, it seems that he is in trouble with pedestrians, and writes about the poet's heavy mood of sadness along the way.
2. Hongyan
Hongyan is a migratory bird that migrates south every autumn, often causing travelers to feel homesick for their homes and relatives and sad to travel. For example, Li Yi of the Tang Dynasty wrote in "Hearing the Flute on a Spring Night": "There are endless geese in Dongting all night long, and they will fly north before dawn." Some letters are also referred to as swan geese. For example, "When will the swan geese arrive, the river will be full of autumn water" (Du Fu's "The End of the Day with Li Bai").
3. Cuckoo
Cuckoo, also known as Du Yu and Zigui, has a sad cry. In classical poetry, it is often related to sadness and longing for home. "It is worthy of the lonely house to be closed in the cold spring, and the sun sets in the dusk in the sound of cuckoos." Qin Guan used the sound of cuckoos in his poem to exaggerate the sadness of the lonely house and convey the poet's sadness and homesickness. "Zhuang Sheng dreamed of butterflies at dawn, and looked forward to the emperor's spring heart with cuckoos." Li Shangyin used cuckoos in his poems to express his deep thoughts. "During the morning and evening, I heard something, the cuckoo cries and the blood ape cries." Bai Juyi used the cuckoo's cry of blood to exaggerate the desolation of Jiangzhou and express his sorrow for being demoted to Jiangzhou.
4. Partridge
The cry of partridge makes people sound like "brother who can't do it", which can easily evoke the association of difficult and dangerous journeys and the sadness of separation. For example, "The river is full of sorrow in the evening, and partridges are heard deep in the mountains" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man? Shu Jiangxi Ostomy Wall"); "The palace maids are like flowers all over the spring palace, and now only partridges are flying" (Li Bai's "Yue Zhong Lian Gu") Here it is It also serves as a symbol of decay, and its cry often heralds sadness and decline.
5. Oriole
Good at singing, it is a symbol of spring. "Thousands of miles of orioles are singing, the green is reflected in red, and the wind is flowing with wine flags in water villages and mountains" (Du Mu's "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River"). Du Mu uses oriole singing to write about the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River; "A few early orioles are vying for warmth in the trees, and the new swallows are pecking at the spring mud" (Bai Juyi In "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake"), Bai Juyi used the singing of orioles and the light flight of swallows to illustrate the arrival of spring.
2. Plants
1. Willow
"Liu" is a homophonic pronunciation of "Liu", and breaking willow means leaving each other. Therefore, the ancients had the custom of breaking willows to say goodbye, so "willow" has the meaning of sadness and farewell. "The Book of Songs? Xiaoya? Picking Wei": "In the past, I went away, and the willows clung to me. Now I come to think about it, and the rain and snow are falling." Willow. In Yong's "Yulin Ling" there is "Where to wake up tonight, the willow bank, the dawn wind and the waning moon" to express the sadness of parting. Li Bai's "Recalling Qin'e" has "The moon in the Qinlou, the willow color every year, the mausoleum hurts the farewell." It also expresses the emotion of sadness and farewell.
2. Plum
"Plum" has the characteristic of being "cold-resistant", and the poet uses it to express his aloofness and unconventional character. Lu You's "Ode to Plum": "Scattered into mud" After grinding into dust, only the fragrance remains the same. "Mo Mei" written by Wang Mian of Heyuan Dynasty said: "Don't let others praise the color, just leave the pure air to fill the world." Plum blossoms reflect one's unwillingness to join in the evil. Plum blossoms are the first to bloom in the severe cold, and then bring out the fragrance of the brilliant flowers. Chen Liang of the Song Dynasty's "Plum Blossoms": "One suddenly changes first, and all flowers are fragrant later." The poet grasped the characteristic of plum blossoms blooming first and wrote The quality of not being afraid of setbacks and daring to be the first in the world is not only praising Mei, but also praising himself.
3. Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum, the proud flower of frost, has strong character and noble temperament. Qu Yuan's "Li Sao": "Drinking magnolias in the morning make the dew fall, and dining with autumn chrysanthemums in the evening." The poet symbolizes his nobility and purity of character by drinking dew and eating flowers. "Chrysanthemum" written by Yuan Zhen of the Tang Dynasty: "Autumn bushes surround the house like Tao's house, and the fence is gradually slanting. It's not that chrysanthemums are preferred among flowers. There will be no flowers when the flowers are in bloom." It expresses the poet's pursuit of steadfastness and noble character.
4. Lotus
"Lotus" and "pity" have the same sound, and poems are used to express love. For example, "Xizhou Song" by Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "In autumn, lotus flowers are collected in Nantang, and the lotus flowers exceed people's heads; I lower my head to pick up lotus seeds, and the lotus seeds are as green as water." "Lotus seeds" means "pity", and "qing" means "qing". This is both real and fictitious writing, with semantic puns and homophonic pun rhetoric, expressing a woman's deep longing for the man she loves and the purity of her love.
5. Wutong
The Wutong is a symbol of desolation and sadness. Xu Zaisi of the Yuan Dynasty wrote in "Double Tune Water Fairy? Night Rain": "There is a sound of Wuye and a sound of autumn, a bit of banana and a bit of sadness, and the third watch returns to the dream after the third watch.
"The leaves of the sycamore tree fall and the rain hits the banana trees to express my sorrowful thoughts. Others include "One leaf, with a sound, dripping down the empty steps to the bright light" ("Geng Liuzi" by Wen Tingyun of the Tang Dynasty), "The sycamore tree also has drizzle, and at dusk, drop by drop "Drip" ("Slow Voice" by Li Qingzhao), etc.
6. Fragrant grass
Fragrant grass is used as a metaphor for separation and hatred, Li Yu's "Qing Ping Le": "Lifting hatred is just like spring grass, more and more Travel further and still live. "Let people see the endless life of separation, and the endless grass reflects the spread and renewal of love.
Use fragrant grass to describe the person you miss: "If you have few close friends, where can you find fragrant grass in the world" ( Zhu Dunru's "The Proud Fisherman"), "There is no fragrant grass anywhere in the world" (Su Shi's "Butterfly Loves Flowers"), there is another saying that the fragrant grass is the close friend.
The fragrant grass comes back year after year, causing time to rush. Life is short and time is precious. "It's a pity that spring is so idle, so cloudy and sunny." There are clouds on the south and north of the Yangtze River. Ask where to find fragrant grass." (Zhu Dunru's "Yi Luo Suo") To cherish the fragrant grass is to cherish life.
3. Natural phenomena
1. The bright moon
The bright moon contains the sadness of homesickness, such as "Three hundred thousand people were recruited in Qili, and I looked back at the middle of the month" (Li Yi of the Tang Dynasty, "Conquering the Army in the North"), which can not suppress the tragic homesickness. "Raise your head to look at the bright moon, lower your head to miss your hometown" (Tang Dynasty Li Bai's "Quiet Night Thoughts") Looking at the moon and homesickness is extremely sentimental; "Last night there was an east wind in the small building, and the motherland cannot bear to look back at the bright moon" (Southern Tang Dynasty Li Yu's "Yu Meiren") It expresses the unique pain of the subjugated king. The bright moon is the emotional sustenance, such as Zhang Jiuling's hope and longing for "the bright moon rises on the sea, and the world is at this time"
2. Flowing Water
<. p>Flowing water can often cause people to sigh about the passage of time, the long-lasting melancholy, and the changes in history. "When the rivers reach the sea from the east, when will they return to the west?" "("Collection of Yuefu Poems? Songs of Xianghe") The poet thinks about the passing of time when he sees the flowing water; "cutting off the water with a knife, the water will flow more, raising a cup to relieve sorrow, and the sorrow will become even more sorrowful" (Li Bai), "asking you how much sorrow you can have is just like a "The spring water of the river flows eastward" (Li Yu's "Yu Meiren") The continuous flow of water makes people helpless; "The motherland is surrounded by mountains, and the tide beats the empty city and returns lonely" (Liu Yuxi's "Stone City") The flowing water retreats silently with a chill, It gives people a sentimental feeling of the depression of the motherland and the desolation of life.3 Dusk and sunset
Sentimental mood: Li Qingzhao's "Slow Sound" "The sycamore trees are drizzling, and the rain is coming." Bit by bit in the dusk, this time, how could there be such a thing as "sorrow". "The dusk is so deserted, and the poet is naturally lonely and sad. This kind of sadness in the dusk is often also reflected in sentimental scenes such as parting, lovesickness, and family resentment, such as "Dongli drinks wine after dusk, and there is a faint fragrance filling the sleeves." "(Li Qingzhao's "Drunk Flower Yin").
Life in the twilight of life laments: "It is already dusk and I am sad alone, and it is even more windy and rainy. "(Lu You's "Bu Suanzi? Ode to Plum Blossoms")
The sad connotation of mourning the past and remembering the past: "The west wind is still shining, and the Han family mausoleum is shining. "(Li Bai's "Recalling Qin'e")
4. Drizzle and smoke
The drizzle and the endless smoke express the poet's endless melancholy and depressed mood. "Boundless silk rain "It's as fine as sorrow" (Qin Guan), the drizzle is continuous, and sorrow is filled. "Where is the hometown at dusk, the mist on the Yanbo River makes people sad" (Cui Hao) Can't return home, or wandering in other places, not knowing where home is, gradually rising The smoke caused by the smoke makes people feel a lot of sadness.
4. Seasonal festivals
1. Mid-Autumn Festival
On August 15th, the whole family enjoys the moon. It is a festive season, so people miss their loved ones mostly on this day. For example, Wang Jian of Tang Dynasty wrote in "Looking at the Moon on the Fifteenth Night": "Tonight, all the white people are looking at the moon. I wonder who is missing in autumn?" "
2. Double Ninth Festival
On the ninth day of September, the ancients used nine as the yang number. On the Double Ninth Festival, the ancients had the custom of climbing high to drink. As written in Du Fu's "Nine Days" : "Drinking a glass of wine alone during the Double Ninth Festival, I got sick and climbed the river to the stage. "
3. Cold Food
On the day before Tomb Sweeping Day, fires are banned for three days during the Cold Food Festival. Tens of thousands of households are smoke-free, which is related to desolation and depression. For example, "It is forbidden to fire in the rain and it is cold in the air." "The orioles on the river sit alone and listen". ("Cold Food to the Brothers in the Capital" by Wei Yingwu of the Tang Dynasty)
4. Qingming
The name of the solar term in March is also the day for ancestor worship and grave sweeping. For example, Du Mu's "Qingming": "It rains heavily during the Qingming Festival, and pedestrians on the road want to lose their souls. "
5. Vegetation
Use the lush vegetation to contrast the desolation, to express the emotions of prosperity and decline. For example, "Ten miles past the spring breeze, all the shepherds and wheat are green." "(Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slowness"), "The green grass reflects the spring color on the steps, and the oriole sounds good in the sky through the leaves. "(Du Fu's "The Prime Minister of Shu"), "Weeds and flowers beside the Suzaku Bridge, and the setting sun was setting at the entrance of Wuyi Lane. "(Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Lane") etc.
5. Specific location categories
1. Changting Pavilion
In ancient times, there were pavilions along the roads for traveling. To rest or say farewell, there is a long pavilion for ten miles and a short pavilion for five miles. "Long Pavilion" is an image that contains the feeling of attachment and farewell. "Written about the sad scene of people looking at a short pavilion and a long pavilion without seeing anyone coming back. Wang Shifu's "The Romance of the West Chamber": "Looking at a long pavilion ten miles away, I lost my jade skin. Who knows this hatred? "It also expresses the sadness of parting.
2. Nanpu
Nanpu is often seen in farewell poems on the southern waterways, imbued with separation and hatred. There is "Farewell" in Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" There is a famous saying in "Beauty comes to Nanpu". Fan Chengda's "Hengtang" also has: "When spring comes in Nanpu, the river is green, and the stone bridge and the red pagoda are still there."
"
3. Nanshan
represents a place of seclusion. In Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" there is "Beans are planted at the foot of Nanshan, and the grass is full of bean sprouts", and in "Drinking" there is " Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can leisurely see Nanshan Mountain."