Teaching objectives
Guide students to understand the general idea of poetry and master the language characteristics of poetry.
Guide students to understand the expressions of "Fu", "Bi" and "Xing" in The Book of Songs, and the application of the form of linking chapters and complex sentences in poetry.
Teaching focus
Through poetic language, we can appreciate the artistic conception and understand the thoughts and feelings expressed in this poem.
Teaching difficulties
Explore the diversity of "Iraqi people" in poetry, so as to explore the ambiguity of poetry theme.
Class arrangement
One class hour
teaching process
First, import
Play the song "On the Water Side"; The teacher recited a modern poem adapted from The Sword House.
Autumn water, the Iraqi people
After countless searches, will there be countless regrets?
When you leave, regrets will always surface, but lovesickness will always sink to the bottom?
Barefoot woman, has the cold of late autumn ever eroded your delicate skin?
What do you see when you cross the river bank?
Villages, smog, or buildings?
There is only white fog, and there is a cockroach behind it.
You saw the dew, the crystal tears on those leaves, blown off by the wind, let the wind blow.
I read your lonely beauty,
I saw your black and white hair,
Your sadness, your happiness.
Shallow and true.
It is not fate at the water's edge,
Is it a dream?
The little poem you just enjoyed was adapted from Jia Jian, a famous piece in The Book of Songs. Wang Guowei, a famous artist in Qing Dynasty, praised, "Poetry? An article in Jiaxu impressed me the most. " Wind man: that is, poet. Profound: to achieve a subtle and profound realm. In other words, the novel Jia Jian, which we are going to study today, is an excellent representative that can best reflect the creative characteristics of The Book of Songs. Through the study of Jia bamboo slips, we can certainly better understand the infinite charm of the origin of The Book of Songs. Today, let's feel the mellow charm of this song.
Second, read the text aloud.
First of all, let's listen to the recitation of this ancient poem and pay attention to the pronunciation and meaning of some words.
Now let some students read this ancient poem aloud. Please describe the scene in the poem in your own language while listening. What kind of scene does this poem depict? What kind of mood did the poet express? )
Clarity: This is a love song, which shows a feeling of pursuing the right person but not the right person. The whole poem is divided into three chapters, beginning with the scenery in late autumn, which is euphemistic and moving.
At dawn, the dew is thick and frosty, and the reeds on the river bank are covered with crystal white frost flowers, swaying in the autumn wind. Young people miss the people in their hearts and come to the river. Through the mist and reeds, they stared at the other side of the river where "Iraqi people" were located, while their beloved people could only look back, and their hearts were filled with faint melancholy. Young people did not stop there, determined to pursue "Iraqi people", but whether upstream or downstream, "Iraqi people" was always inaccessible, just like the moon in the water and flowers in the fog, looming and foggy.
3. Read aloud and experience the emotion of poetry again.
Thirdly, we should appreciate the beauty of music and structure of the whole poem.
When we read this poem, we found it catchy because of its unique form. Please look for the uniqueness of this poem in form.
1, rhymes
Pale, frosty, square, long and central.
??, ?, ?, ?
Always, always, always.
Step 2 double it
Cangshan, lush, Caicai
And "the so-called Iraqis?" "Go back and follow?" "Upstream, downstream?"
Repetition of chapters and sentences and repeated singing are the characteristics of The Book of Songs.
3. The poem is four words and one sentence, with clear and short rhythm, repeated chapters and repeated sentences, resulting in the effect of singing three sighs and lingering sound. What is the function of such formal features in expressing emotions?
The function of repeating chapters and sentences and reciting them repeatedly: it is lyrical, strengthens readers' impression and is convenient for readers to recite. This kind of repeated singing, singing three sighs (one person leads the singing, three people sing along. The original meaning of music and singing is simple and simple. "Looking back" is used to describe the ingenious and profound meaning of a poem. ) fully demonstrates the language structure of "Fu" in The Book of Songs.
Fourth, analyze the rich emotions contained in poetry.
1, the ancients said: "Poetry has feelings." It means that poetry is exquisite and gorgeous because of its rich emotions. So, what things or people described by the author in the poem have changed? What changes have taken place in the meaning and literal description of these things or people? Please look for it.
The poet repeatedly uses different words to describe the shape and changes of the landscape.
Jia Jian: Gray-sad-picking.
The Millennium: It's first frost now-not yet-not yet.
Location of Iraqis: Fang Meixian and Yang Guiling's Mausoleum
So, what emotion does this poem express? How do you feel this emotion?
Change: Grey-Sadness-Digging
Cold environment, lonely mood: write the color of reed from light green to sad green and then to white, rendering the desolate atmosphere of late autumn more and more intense.
Millennium changes: frost-not wet-not already.
With the passage of time, I feel anxious and melancholy: I describe the gradual scene and process of the morning dew turning into autumn water, vividly reflecting the track of time development, indicating that the poet came to the river at dawn and stayed until the sun rose.
The change of Yi people's position: Fang-Mei-Xian-Yang-Gui-Yun
There are many difficulties, and I am eager to see them: due to the changes of the words "Fang", "Mei", "Huan", "Yang", "Qin" and "Guan", the poet's activities and psychological image of waiting on the other side and looking forward to meeting the Iraqis are truly portrayed. This shows that the position of the Iraqi people is constantly changing, and they always keep a certain distance from the poets. How melancholy it is for a poet to wander alone for a long time in the face of boundless autumn water. In addition, changes such as "long", "leap" and "right" also describe his difficulty in finding Iraqis from different roads. The explanation is persistent and practical.
2. "All landscape words are sentimental words". How does the scenery description in this article play a role in expressing the poet's feelings?
(1) What are the words in the poem? What scene did you write? What kind of artistic conception has it created?
"Jian Peijun is pale and the white dew is frost", "The white dew is not fresh" and "Cai, the white dew is not finished" are all landscapes. "This bleak and blurred autumn scenery is consistent with the poet's infatuation and disappointment in pursuing Iraqis.
(2) What kind of expression does The Book of Songs use to describe the scenery here?
Using the method of arousing, "arousing" is a unique method in the Book of Songs, which describes the environment, renders the atmosphere and sets off the emotions.
(3) Why did you choose cockroaches?
Reed is slender, soft and tough, and the poet's feelings for "Iraqis" are as tender and firm as water.
Fifth, explore the theme of poetry.
So, what does the poet mean by the Iraqi people?
We may pursue many things in our life. What a poet pursues is not necessarily just a beautiful woman, but many possibilities. "The so-called Iraqis" never saw her face clearly from beginning to end, and never faced the readers; She seems to be just around the corner, suddenly far away; She seemed to disappear without a trace and suddenly appeared in a small continent in the water. Like a flower in the mirror, the moon in the water. She is like a dream, looming. Therefore, the meaning of "Iraqi" in Jiaxu is diverse. However, the theme of the poem reflected by "following the Iraqi people" in Jianjia is also diverse.
1, "On Love": Modern scholar Yu Guanying thinks that "this poem seems to be a love poem, regardless of men and women." Translator Xu Yuanchong translated this poem into a love song, and Iraqis are lovers.
2. Zhiming Ming: "Iraqi" symbolizes noble quality and represents a person's pursuit of beautiful and noble quality.
3. "Irony": The Preface to Mao Poetry in the Han Dynasty said that "Jia Jian stabbed Xiang Gong, and if Zhou Li was not used, his country could not be consolidated." It means that this poem is a satire on Qin Xianggong, because he doesn't observe the etiquette, so it will lead to national subjugation. (Zheng Xuanshi in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "Qin was in Zhou's hometown, and his people were long taught by Zhou's morality. Today, Xianggong is a new vassal, and he has not learned Zhou Zhili, so the people of his country have not taken it. " The so-called "Iraqi people" is "walking on the side of the flood water knowing the rites of Zhou Dynasty, and the false metaphor is far away." )
4. Seeking the Sage: Yao Jiheng, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, thought that "Yiren" was a sage who lived in seclusion by the water in the Spring and Autumn Period. This poem expressed the monarch's intention to seek the sage and recruit scholars.
5. Philosophy of Life: It covers all kinds of elusive life situations in the world: the disappointment that lovers are hard to find and confidants are hard to find, the worry of bumpy career and unsuccessful career, the disillusionment of ideals and the disappointment of bleak future.
"Iraqis" is a concrete and ethereal goal. He (she) may be a poet's longing lover, a once-in-a-lifetime confidant, a saint pursued by the monarch, or a lofty ideal ... as if he knew but didn't know. However, all kinds of pursuits express a kind of "within reach" philosophy of life to us. Because there are indeed many things in life that we can't do: in the field of love, in the field of career, in the life of official career, we often meet in our dreams.
However, the poet also told us through his persistent pursuit of Iraqis that in life, we can't give up the pursuit of beauty, truth and ideals. Everyone may have unpredictable feelings, but the persistent pursuit of things should be your due experience.
Sixth, practice
A Comparative Reading of Shang Yang and Jian Jia
Shangxie (1)
Han Yuefu folk songs
Evil! ②
I want to know you.
Live a long life and never give up. ④
A mountain without a grave,
The river dried up,
Thunder and earthquakes in winter,
Rain and snow in summer,
Heaven and earth,
I dare break up with you! ⑤
To annotate ...
This is a love poem. Swear by heaven, indicating the firmness and eternity of love. ② Up: refers to the sky. Evil: Jude said "Oh, my God". This sentence means swear by God. 3 acquaintance: blind date. 4 Life: manufacturing, manufacturing. From the sentence of "long life", it is said that we should not only "know each other with you", but also make this kind of acquaintance last forever. (5) I won't break up with you unless the mountain is flat, the river is dry, the winter thunder, Xia Xue and heaven and earth are in harmony.
contrastive analysis
Tong: They are all love poems, expressing the hero's firm and persistent pursuit of love.
Exotic customs: Evil is an infatuated woman's passionate confession to her lover, and her feelings are blazing and straightforward.
"Jiaxu" describes a man who yearns for Iraqis and pursues them persistently, but can't get what he wants. His feelings are subtle and touching.
Seven, the accumulation of the following "Book of Songs" famous sentences.
Such as cutting, such as cutting, such as grinding.
The speaker is innocent and the listener is warned.
He has a good stone on Fangshan, which can be used to cut jade.
Give me a peach and give it back to Li.
Decadence has no beginning, and fresh talents have an end.
Homework: recite this poem.