My neighbor sent me to Fangshan for translation and annotation translation. I left Beijing for Yongjia on the orders of the king, hoping to settle down comfortably there. When the ship was about to untie the cable in the tide, I was reluctant to leave because I missed my old friend. When the ship was sailing, it was near the decaying Woods, and the autumn moon was bright. Originally, because of nostalgia, my heart is easy to be sad. Now seeing the declining forest and the autumn moon, the inner sadness is even more difficult to contain. Because of my long illness, I cut off my pursuit of life. I have few personal desires, so I don't feel any shortage now. I want to borrow Yongjia County to live in seclusion forever. Where can I just leave you for a year or so to be an official? I hope you can make progress every day and write to comfort my loneliness.
Note: 1 Arriving for service: serving in other places on the orders of North Korea. Only, respect also. Imperial City: Beijing refers to Jianye (now Nanjing), the capital of Liu and Song Dynasties. Rest (Qi Qi): Rest. Ou Yue: refers to Shuijia County. Yongjia area belongs to Dong 'ou in Han Dynasty, where Yao is the capital, hence the name Ou Yue. Untie: To untie a mooring, as of sailing. And: multiply. Nostalgia: nostalgia for old friends. Analysis: the sound of the wind blowing trees. Just: close. Jiao Jiao: It looks bright and clean. 4 affection: this refers to nostalgia. English: I'm full. Encounter: refers to the declining forest and autumn moon encountered along the way. 5 accumulation: I have been sick for many years. Furuncle, disease x: absolutely. Trouble: consider and seek. 6 small desires: small desires. Que: Same as Que. 7 endowment: borrow. This refers to Yongjia County. Seclusion: To retire from the screen. Yi Yi: Yi Wei. 8 new: progress day by day. Yin Chen: News, news. Loneliness: loneliness.
Xie Lingyun is the grandson of Xie Xuan, a famous family in Jin Dynasty. Under the gate system at that time, as a descendant of the wealthy clan, he not only owned a lot of property, but also had great political influence. Although Emperor Wu of Song Wudi was born not noble enough, relying on military power to usurp the Jinshi world and become emperor, he still wanted to woo the rich children at that time. Therefore, after the founding of Liu and Song Dynasties, although Xie Lingyun did not occupy a prominent position, he still held an idle official position in the DPRK, and his reputation was still great. After Liu Yu's death, Emperor Shao succeeded to the throne. Due to the conflict of various political forces, Xie Lingyun was finally excluded. In 422 AD (the third year of Yongzheng), in July of the lunar calendar, Ren Yongjia (now Wenzhou, Zhejiang) was the satrap. This song "Seeing off Fangshan in the Neighborhood" is about his specific scenes and ideological activities when he left the Imperial Capital Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) and boarded a boat at Fangshan Pier, about 50 miles east of Beijing, to see his relatives and friends off. Fangshan, also known as Yintian Mountain, is named after the shape of the mountain.
Neighbors sent him to Fangshan to enjoy Xie Lingyun, and everyone thought he was the originator of landscape poets. However, mountains and rivers are natural scenery, and everyone has different thoughts and feelings from different perspectives. The same scenery may look different under the pen of different poets. As the saying goes, different people have different opinions. Xie Lingyun writes landscape poems because he is good at objectively describing the strangeness and subtlety of landscape scenery with delicate and accurate words, as well as seemingly delicate meticulous brushwork. However, this meticulous and deliberate description is inextricably linked with the complicated and changeable political situation and contradictory thoughts and feelings in his life. Therefore, as a landscape poem, his works are different from those of Bao Zhao and Xie Tiao. The real feature of Xie Lingyun's poems is that he can describe his inner subtle feelings with deep and delicate brushstrokes. That is to say, the song "Seeing Fangshan in the Neighborhood" to be introduced now is not a landscape poem, but a general farewell lyric work. Although he is broad-minded on the surface, he loves the court in his bones. The author finally outlined this true and secret thought in concise and slightly crude language. This is where Xie Lingyun's poems are worth learning from.
This poem consists of fourteen sentences, the first four sentences and the middle four sentences are in a short paragraph, and the last six sentences are self-contained, and in these six sentences, every two sentences have a meaning. Among them, the most difficult sentence is the middle sentence "Analysis leads to decline". Since I heard about Notes on Ancient Poetry and many recent notes, almost no one has fully explained it.
The first four sentences say that I want to be a county magistrate, and I can't bear the old feelings with my neighbors. Well, here's to you. In ancient books, the word "Yong" is often used with verbs such as "Feng", "Cheng", "Yang" and "Hou" because the word "Yong" also contains the meanings of the above words. "Service" refers to serving as a county magistrate for the imperial court. "Serving only" and respecting his official position means taking the appointment of the emperor seriously, so he must hold a post in the official position. "Imperial City" is still called the Imperial City. The first sentence is that he served in the county because he obeyed the king's orders, so he went out to Beijing for a long trip. The second sentence is about the destination. Yongjia is in today's Zhejiang, the land of ancient Ouyue. Although the "phase" of "phase period" refers to each other, it does not necessarily exist. The "stage" here only refers to expectations and plans. "Rest" means rest and accommodation, and it has different meanings when used here. I went to Yongjia as an official, not for a holiday. After taking office, there is no "rest" at all. You should be diligent. On the other hand, the author used the word "rest", implying that the author was not reused by the court, but was idle; And the author himself doesn't want to make a difference in other counties, just find a remote place to have a rest. This is the "root" of the following "retirement". "Take advantage of this" to take advantage of this opportunity; Live in seclusion forever, live in seclusion for a long time It is irony and complaint to regard officials as "secluded places" and want to live a long life. In fact, Xie Lingyun himself is unwilling to be lonely.
Next, the author wrote that the ship was going to be untied and set off. "go with the flow", take advantage of the tide to rise and fall. I'm leaving Beijing. But the fourth sentence was repeated, saying that I was reluctant to leave, because I missed being close to the old, so I couldn't start at the moment. This description of wanting to stop is not purely about action, because the ship is finally untied and set off; But writing about psychological activities means that you should go but don't want to, and you can't help but go if you don't want to. On the surface, it is reluctant to part with neighbors and relatives, but in fact it is a love stack for the "Imperial Capital". It speaks for itself after reading the following.
The above is the first paragraph, and the following four sentences are the second paragraph. The sentence "analysis" is both realistic and vivid. At this time, the ship has already sailed forward, and what I saw on the way should be a real scene; However, if it is linked with the sentence "love", it is another metaphor. Analysis, the sound of the wind blowing trees. "Just declining forest", Ye Xiaoxue's "Selected Poems of Xie Lingyun" notes: "I just came face to face. The Woods on the shore did not move, but the boats on the river were smooth. Looking at the Woods on the shore on the boat, I didn't feel the boat moving, only saw the Woods approaching me. This statement is quite poetic, but not necessarily accurate. According to Ye Yi, the subject of "Nine" in "Nine Fallen Forests" should be a boat, and it should be a boatman; Ye's explanation has become an inverted sentence, a "declining forest", and its logic is chaotic; If compared with the following, then "Jiao Jiao" and "Ming" are adjectives of "Qiuyue", and other words are not strictly opposed except "Analysis" and "Jiao Jiao". And "declining forest" is also a word, which cannot be compared with "autumn moon". If the word "autumn" is mentioned in the next sentence, there is no doubt that the last sentence is also autumn scenery. In July of the lunar calendar in 422 AD, Xie Lingyun left Beijing for Shangjun. Although it is autumn, the leaves have not withered. It doesn't seem accurate to call the forest "decline" at this time. So it should be read "In Decline" Lin Shihe. Those who "just decline the forest" have already shown signs of decline, and the forest is also developing towards the trend of decline. What I heard was the sound of the wind blowing on the leaves, and I felt that it was autumn again, and the originally lush trees withered from now on; What I see is the bright autumn moon. The night of the author's departure is July 16, which coincides with the full moon, so it is more realistic. This is actually a gap from the first paragraph, that is, skipping the stage that the ship has been untied and the people have left the shore, and writing about the scenery on the way. In the sentence of "love", the old note mostly talks about the author's self-description, while the "thing" of "meeting things" talks about the forest and the moon. In fact, these two sentences are contrary to the above. "Sentimental" sentence means "moon" and "in trouble" sentence means "forest", but at the same time, it uses external scenes to express the story inside, and the essence is to write one's own thoughts and feelings. July 16, the first month is full of joy, and the author thinks: because the month is also full of affection, although it often has ups and downs, every month is always full of joy. It seems that this is not difficult. Just like an affectionate person, when there are joys and sorrows, feelings naturally overflow, which is also a manifestation of self-control. In other words, if you move out of the imperial city and go to Yue 'ou, although you have already made it, you are still "nostalgic" but "not rich", which is precisely the performance of "easy profit". But it's hard to rest when something happens, that is, the so-called "trees want to be quiet but the wind won't stop" in Han Shi Zhuan. "Things" refers to "wind", which means that the sound of trees can't stop because of the wind. For example, I don't want to move out of the county, but I have no choice but to set sail on the road. Old annotations may separate scenery language from emotional language, or quote Laozi and Zhuangzi, so it is difficult to ask. I'm afraid it's illogical. Speak contemptuously, and you will have a good impression when you see the scenery, and the turning point will be more natural and the level will be clearer. So I am not afraid to spend money, so I will analyze it as above.
The last six sentences, the third paragraph of the poem, point out the main idea of bidding farewell to the neighborhood, that is, as the end of the poem. But every two sentences in the middle are a layer. The phrase "accumulation" starts from oneself, and the phrase "providing for the aged" is not only related to going to the county seat, but also echoes those who come to see me off. The last sentence "encourage each other" seems to be a farewell to the neighbors, which really shows that you miss Kyoto very much and are unwilling to be lonely. Some people think that Xie Lingyun's landscape poem turns into a boring tail at the end, but this poem is just the opposite. It is from the last two sentences that the author reveals the deep inside story. Let's start with "cumulative malnutrition". Because of illness, I can't think about life, so I can only "thank you". The implication is that I will follow the fate and do what I like. The next sentence says that I am indifferent to fame and fortune and have no desire at all, so I don't feel anything unsatisfactory. The implication is that I don't want to covet anything because of my poor health, so it doesn't matter whether I stay in North Korea or become a foreign county. Seemingly broad-minded, but in fact there are complaints. Then he went on to say the second floor. He thinks this is a good opportunity for him to hide and stay away from the world for a long time. It seems that neighbors who have been with the emperor, the capital and the capital for a long time will break up for a long time, not just a year or so. In fact, these two sentences also hide dissatisfaction. The implication is that the emperor has moved himself out this time and there is no hope of returning to Kyoto. His sense of loss really surfaced. There are also the last two sentences. The first sentence says: We should encourage each other, and we can all reach the level of "innovation" before we can be volunteers in this life. New Day and Book of Changes are common. For example, Big Livestock says, "New Day is Virtue." The copula says, "A new day is called Shengde. "The Book of Rites University quoted that dish of soup:" New is new, new is new. "It's all about moral cultivation. The next sentence says: I hope relatives and friends still communicate frequently. Only by obtaining information frequently can we comfort our loneliness. " Silence, like silence, also means silence and loneliness. These two sentences also belong to poems that invisibly reveal their thoughts and feelings of loving Kyoto and politics. Since a person has been "concerned about the country and the people" and "lacking knowledge" and intends to "live in seclusion forever", there is no need to "learn from each other". He believes that only when there are letters from relatives and friends in the capital can he comfort their "silence", which shows that what he calls "eternal seclusion" is just a complaint, not a fact. It can be said that the author's real thoughts and feelings are that he doesn't want to leave the imperial city for health, but he says a lot of pretentious and lofty words in his poems; It is in this self-righteous poem that he reveals his dissatisfaction with being forced to be a county magistrate and having to leave the capital. This is not only Xie Lingyun's own specific thoughts and feelings, but also Xie Lingyun's own poems can write his specific complex and contradictory thoughts and feelings. Only from this place can we really understand Xie Lingyun and his famous landscape poems.
Poetry: Neighborhood Sending Fangshan Poem Author: Poetry Classification of Xie Lingyun in Northern and Southern Dynasties: Farewell, Friends, Lyrics