About Paishi 1. What is Paishi?
A modern poem that rejects rhythm.
The meter is very strict New poems originated in the Southern Dynasties, such as Shen Yue in the reign of Qi Yongming, pay attention to meter and duality. They were shaped in the early Tang Dynasty and Song Wenzhi, and matured in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The metrical requirements of metrical poems are various. First of all, the number of words in a poem is required to be uniform. Each poem is five-character, six-character or seven-character sentences, which are referred to as five laws, six laws and seven laws, among which six laws are rare.
Secondly, there are different restrictions on the number of poems, and the usual metrical poems stipulate eight sentences each. If there are only six sentences, it is called a small law or a three-rhyme poem; A metrical poem with more than eight sentences, that is, more than ten sentences, is called a unique law or a long law.
The third is the specific dual requirements. Usually eight sentences are used to complete a poem, and every two sentences are connected into a couplet, which counts as four sentences.
According to the structure of the old rhyme writing, it is customary to call the first couplet a title, the second couplet a parallel poem, the third couplet a neck couplet and the fourth couplet a sentence. The two couplets in the middle of each song, that is, the upper and lower sentences of parallel couplets and neck couplets, must be antithetical sentences.
Except for the first two couplets, exclusion is not external, and the couplets in the middle must be dual. The infinitesimal duality requires a wide range, or one or two pairs, or two or three pairs, or only two pairs require dual sentences.
The fourth is to strictly demand rhyme and meter. Take the commonly used five laws and seven laws as examples. The first is rhyme, which requires the whole poem to rhyme, and the rhyme is limited; The second, fourth, sixth and eighth sentences rhyme, the first sentence can be put and closed, most of the first sentences of the five laws don't rhyme, and most of the first sentences of the seven laws rhyme.
There are rhymes, some people think that rhymes should belong to the ancient style. The second is tone.
Ancient Chinese is divided into four tones. The tone of poetry is flat and flat, and the above three tones are the same, which is called "promoting sound"
Every word in a metrical poem is flat and even, while the flat and even of the upper and lower sentences are opposite, and there are two kinds of flat and even. The five laws start from the formula □ flat and flat, flat and flat.
□ Flat and flat, flat and flat. -flat and flat, flat and flat.
□ Flat and flat, flat and flat. The five laws are flat and flat, flat and flat.
-flat and flat, flat and flat. □ Flat and flat, flat and flat.
-flat and flat, flat and flat. The seven laws start from the formula □ Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping Pingping.
□ Ping □ Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping. □ Flat and flat, flat and flat.
□ Ping □ Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping. The seven-law leveling formula is flat, flat.
□ Flat and flat, flat and flat. □ Ping □ Ping, Ping, Ping, Ping.
□ Flat and flat, flat and flat. The circled words indicate fairness.
If the first sentence of the Five Laws rhymes, the initial form should be changed to □ Jue Jue □ Jue, and the initial form should be changed to "Jue Jue"; The first sentence of the Seven Laws does not rhyme. The starting form should be changed to □ level, and the starting form should be changed to □ level, and the rest will remain unchanged. Also, the upper sentence in each couplet is called antithesis, and the lower sentence is called antithesis.
The leveling of the second word of the last sentence must be consistent with the second word of the previous sentence, which is called "sticking", otherwise it is called "debonding"; Broadly speaking, the loss of adhesion also refers to all uneven leveling phenomena. As for the rhythm of metrical poems, there is an old saying that "the first, third and fifth words of seven-character metrical poems can be flat, but the second, fourth and sixth words must be distinct". The five-character sentence can be inferred as "one is not divided into three, and two is clear."
This is not accurate. In fact, the first word of the seven words can be ignored.
The first word of five words and the third word of seven words can be ignored in most cases, but in sentences with five words and seven words, the first word of five words and the third word of seven words must be flat, for example. The last three words of the five-character "fair and square" sentence and the seven-character "fair and square" sentence can sometimes be replaced by "fair and square", but there is a condition that the first word and the third word of these five-character sentences cannot be replaced.
Neither the third word of a five-character sentence nor the fifth word of a seven-character sentence can be ignored. The prosodic and metrical requirements of the above-mentioned Five-Seven Laws also apply to arranger and minor.
The development process of stereotyped writing in Tang Dynasty and the creative practice after stereotyped writing are different. In the process of stereotypes, some metrical poems are not written in full accordance with the style. The first half of Cui Hao's Yellow Crane Tower is an ancient poem, while the second half is only in harmony with the law.
After their physical maturity, some writers consciously changed the rules of leveling, which is called "Olympic Sports". In addition to changing the levels of the second, fourth and sixth words in the sentence, the levels of the third word of five words and the fifth word of seven words are also changed.
Both couplets are called "clumsy sentences" and the whole couplet is called "clumsy methods". There is a so-called "Wu style" in the seven laws, which is also an embarrassing method.
Du Fu's creative strength is perfect and imitated by later generations. There is also the so-called "difficult to save." As in the previous sentence, use the word "ping" instead of "ping", and use the word "ping" to adjust the syllable in the next sentence. There are also people who save themselves or don't save themselves.
In addition, because the quatrains in the Tang Dynasty are essentially intercepted from some metrical poems, their metrical requirements are the same as those in metrical poems. Therefore, in the Tang Dynasty, quatrains were also called regular poems, or "small regular poems" (Tang Shenyin style selected by Liang Qian in Qing Dynasty).
2. What is Paishi?
Poetry is one of the most common arts, which falls in every corner of human society like sunshine.
Our ancestors, primitive humans, could not understand many natural phenomena such as wind, electricity, thunder and rain, so they all came down to the gods. Primitive humans sang and danced to the gods out of awe, expressing people's expectations-good weather, abundant crops and so on. This is the origin of poetry.
It originated from religion. There is another form, which comes from labor. Primitive people made simple and rhythmic cries while working, so as to forget the temporary pain and spirit brought by labor and coordinate their actions. Gradually, this simple and rhythmic cry has developed into a poem that imitates the voice of labor itself and expresses the feelings of workers themselves. Mr. Lu Xun once said: "Poetry is verse, which occurs during labor; Fiction is prose, which happens from rest. " Therefore, we say that poetry is a universal art and the oldest literary style.
The most essential feature of poetry is lyrical beauty. Regardless of novels, essays, plays and the most beautiful places, the aura of poetry is flashing. Therefore, poetry is literature in literature. Poetry is everywhere in the art field, and the beauty of poetry is the highest embodiment of the universal factors of artistic beauty. The beauty of poetry also appears in the non-literary field from time to time. Exquisite fragments in scientific works, even in people's life and work, exude wisdom and brilliance, with traces of poetry.
Poetry is not only poetry, but also lyrical beauty, which is the common quality of all literary styles and artistic types. Therefore, poetry is a universal art, even beyond the boundaries of art.
Shι name
(voice. From words, temple sounds. Original meaning: poetry)
Use the original meaning [poem; Poetry; Poetry]?
Poetry expresses ambition, and songs express eternal life. -"Shu Shun Dian"
Poetry, ambition also. -"Shuo Wen"
Poetry is so smooth, and Song is so lyrical. -"Mandarin Lu"
Teach the Six Teachers and say "Feng", "Fu", "Bi", "Dian", "Ya" and "Ode". -"Master Zhou Li". The preface to Mao's poems aims at the chest and speaks in poetry.
Lin Qingliu, writing poetry. -Tao Jin Yuanming's "Gui Xi Ci"
Another example: poetry tube (bamboo tube with poetry draft); Poetry ladle (ladle for putting poetry manuscripts); Poet friends (friends who sing with poetry); Poetry tiger (riddle written in verse); Poetry flow (the flow system of poetry); Poetry case (a case of conviction for poetry); Eye of Poetry (the most ingenious and vivid word in poetry); Poetry debt (referring to others asking for poetry or asking for it but not returning it); Biography of poetry (collection of poems); Poetry prison (literary prison caused by the content of a poem being reported by an official)
Refers to the Book of Songs. In the old saying, "Poetry Yue" and "Poetry Cloud" all refer to "Poetry Book Song".
300 poems, in a word, say: naive thinking. -"The Analects of Confucius is Politics"
There is a poem that says, "If others have a heart, just think about it. -"Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang"
Sit downstairs and recite "poems" and "books" without running around. -Song Ming Lian's Preface to Dongyang
Another example is: the history of poetry (The Book of Songs is compiled into one volume in ten units, so it is called the history of poetry); Preface to Poetry (Preface to the Book of Songs); Poetry teaching (the educational function of The Book of Songs); Biography of Poems (Notes on the Book of Songs)
A poet [poet]. Such as: poet Gong (honorific title for a poet); Poet (poet); Poet companion (poet friend); Poet prisoner (refers to a poet). Because of the hardships of his poetry, he seems to be imprisoned. Poet slaves (poets who despise riding) are good at poetry or not at all); Poet (honorific title for a poet); Shi Weng (a famous old poet); Poet saint (poet with outstanding achievements)
Metaphor "beautiful things", beautiful and full of life interest, or can trigger strong feelings. Such as: poetic (beautiful scenery); Everything in nature is a poem.