Ancient people often wrote poems with a specific writing background, involving specific personnel relations. Knowing and not knowing have a lot to do with understanding and appreciation. This is also an important purpose of "knowing people". Meng Peng, a native of the Tang Dynasty, felt this way: "Excellent works and satirical and elegant words, although written in a group of books, can make things exciting, especially love, but not give full play. Is this clearly ambiguous?" So I collected and recorded the rumors and compiled the poem of skill. The so-called ability is the fact or story about the origin of poetry writing. Guan Mengbang's recording skills, although there are reasons, have obvious processing traces, close to the novelist's words. Nevertheless, in recent times, knowing people is more true, and most of the anecdotes of poets in the Tang Dynasty depend on it, which has a lot of inspiration and help for future generations to understand and appreciate related poems, so it is not abandoned by art theorists.
After Bai Meng, especially after the Song Dynasty, writers rose up and rebelled. Among the numerous works of poetry talk, there are countless records of the poet's skills in this collection, and there are many skills, among which the preparation is more abundant, such as Song Jiyong's Chronicle of Tang Poetry, Wei Qingzhi's Poet's Jade Scrap and Chronicle of Song Poetry (there was a Chronicle at the earliest).
In addition to specialized books, in fact, a large number of sporadic skills are scattered in historical biographies, unofficial history's poems and the poet's preface and postscript. Poets can pay attention to relevant materials everywhere and get more rewards. Such as Zhu Qingyu, a poet in the middle Tang Dynasty:
Last night, the candles in the bridal chamber were lit all night, waiting for dawn to worship the parents-in-law. Make-up whispered to her husband, is thrush fashionable or not? (boudoir)
This poem is full of life, which vividly describes the bride's uneasy psychology before meeting her in-laws for the first time after marriage and vividly depicts her people. But the original title of this poem is "To Secretary Zhang on the Eve of Jinshi", which obviously implies the ability to do things-it turned out that this poem was a dedication before Jinshi. Therefore, its moral is also obvious: "Last night, the wedding stopped with red candles", and those who like to take the Jinshi exam (that is, it is recommended to take the Chang 'an exam); "Worship before Tang Xiao", see the examiner; Those who "ask their husbands in a low voice after makeup" ask celebrities with poems; Whether people who are "shallow and outdated" can be appreciated by the main company. In this way, don't readers have different understandings besides praising the author's good writing? If we can find out Zhang Shuibu's answer: "Yue Nv's new makeup is in the mirror, and she knows it well, so she ponders it." Wouldn't it be more enjoyable to read two books together? Similarly, if we can relate Song's life to the poem Crossing the Hanshui River and know that this is what he did when he fled Longzhou and crossed the Hanshui River, we actually found a skill. Therefore, there will be more consideration and sympathy for the mood of "now, near my village, I meet people and dare not ask a question".
When discussing poetry by knowing people, there is often such a psychological process, that is, appreciating poetry-knowing people and discussing poetry-appreciating poetry. Therefore, people who are good at reading poetry can often realize the ability to write poetry without words from the key words of poetry, and make a thorough investigation and verification in many ways, so as to correct the mistakes of the old saying or determine the accurate writing time of the work. For example, in Li Bai's poem "Nanlingzi enters Beijing", according to the word "Nanling" in the title (now Nanling, Anhui Province), it is inferred that Li Bai traveled to Mount Tai in the first year of Tianbao's reign and moved to Nanling, thus entering Beijing. However, some people have noticed that "the newly boiled white wine returns to the mountains, and the yellow chicken pecks at the autumn fat" is described as the northern scenery, "the foolish woman in Huiji ignores the minister" is cut into Rencheng (now Jining, Shandong Province) and Liu, and Li Bai is considered to have entered Beijing from Lu. This poem will be particularly interesting to read if the facts are fabricated. For example, the poem "Uncle Yun of Xie Tiao Building in Xuanzhou Farewell to School Book" always makes do with "Farewell", and the speaker of "School Book" always makes people hard to understand. According to the early version and other circumstantial evidence, Mr. Zhan Ai judged that the title of this poem should be "Song of Accompanying to the Building", and correctly interpreted the sentence "The bones of great writers are your brushes, and they are in the school" as a poem of the Han Dynasty, which has nothing to do with the post of school librarian. This tells us that Li Bai gave Liu Yun's omnipresent poem to Li Hua, a famous ancient prose writer, which made the whole poem read and implemented, with flying tone, no obstacles and more pleasing to the eye. Textual research precedes righteousness, and knowing people contributes to the appreciation of poetry, which can also be proved here.
Of course, lyricism and expressive style are the most developed in China ancient literature. But compared with modern poetry, ancient poetry often has more narrative and reappearance elements. That is to say, while reproducing the rapid development of literature, poetry characterized by performance has become more specific in its responsibilities; However, when the literature of reproduction has not been fully developed, poetry has the element of reproduction. The person in modern poetry can lose specific referential meaning, such as "I" in "Tiangou", which means "galloping" and "barking". Readers will not equate it with Guo Moruo himself. However, the people in ancient poems are different. For example, the "I" in three poems, Qiang Village, Northern Expedition and Spring Hope, is entirely the poet himself. Ai Qing once thought that the Stone Trough was not a poem, but a verse, which exemplified the ancients with the concept of modern poetry. However, the concept of poetry is not static, it will be eternal. It is precisely because of the above reasons that literary historians can often chronicle some words in the poet's works or use them as important materials for studying the poet's life. The self-report or reminiscence of ancient poets has become the best material for us to know people. For example, Li Bai's Memories of Time Past, Sending Yuan to Join the Army, Presenting Zhang Xianghe, and Liu Yelang's Comments on Xin, and Du Fu's A Tour of Zhuang and Yesterday, we can not only see the poet's personal life, but also see the social situation at that time, which makes them more intimate to read. Gao Shi's "Not Joining the Army" wrote:
At the age of twenty, all the civil and military officials were proficient and went west to Beijing. Look up at your door and point to the official. The national wind rushed into harmony for three or five years, and the court was full of ceremonies and music. Bai said that the people around the people will not be able to satisfy the people's rulers. Back in Luoyang, I can't get the semi-dragon fertile land and the East Rail Song Liang, which is not my land. In the rabbit court, there is no harvest, and fishing in the wild goose pond often hurts. ……
From this poem, we can get a general understanding of the poet's early experience and mood. Therefore, when we read his famous works, such as "Worship the officers is sad, whipping is sad" ("Left") and "Half of our frontline soldiers were killed, but the other half are still alive and still in the camp, and beautiful girls are singing and dancing for them" ("Line"), in which sympathy for the foot soldiers is different from the brave tendency, we can know why. Therefore, it is also very important to pay full attention to this kind of poetry. It would be very meaningful if someone could sort out the poems and songs in the life of ancient poets for readers to see.