1, ice and snow
Ice crystals are used to describe the loyalty of the mind and the nobility of character. For example, "Luoyang relatives and friends ask each other, and a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot." -Wang Changling "Breaking up with Xin Jian at Furong Inn"
Snow-refers to a noble mind. The ancients used ice and snow cleverness to illustrate a person's inner quality. For example, "I should miss Linghai for many years, alone, my liver and lungs are all ice and snow."
2, the moon
Missing the moon-the sadness that causes parting and homesickness. For example, "looking up, I found that it was moonlight, and then sinking, I suddenly remembered home." -Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night
For example, "the small building was easterly again last night, so my country could not bear to look back at the moon." -Yu Meiren by Li Yu. Looking at the moon and thinking about the old country shows the special pain of the dead king.
3. Willow
Since the Han Dynasty, people have often expressed their feelings of parting by folding willows, which triggered the yearning for distant relatives and the homesickness of travelers.
For example, the poem "Farewell" by the ancients: willow green hangs down on the ground and flowers fly all over the sky. Willow branches are broken and flowers are flying. Will pedestrians come back? Because of the homophonic sound of "willow" and "willow", the ancients often used folding willows to express their deep feelings of farewell.
For example, in Liu Yong's Rain Circle, "Where do you wake up after drinking tonight, and the breeze is fading in Yang Liuan?" .
4. cicada
The ancients thought that cicada eating wind and drinking dew was a symbol of nobility, so it was often compared with cicada's nobility to its noble character.
A political prisoner is listening to Wang's Cicada: "Who knows if he is still singing?" But I love it lonely. " There is also Li Shangyin's "Cicada": "I am hungry because I am pure, so I want to live a pure life like you."
5. Vegetation
Use the prosperity of vegetation to set off desolation and express ups and downs. For example, "after ten miles of spring breeze, wheat is green." -Jiang Kui's "Yangzhou Slow"
Du Fu's Book of Letters: "The grass in front of the door is like spring, and the birds are singing happily under the leaves." Liu Yuxi's Wuyi Lane: "There are wild grass flowers on the Zhuque Bridge, and the sunset at the entrance of Wuyi Lane is oblique." The prosperity of Suzaku Bridge is gone forever, the bridge is covered with weeds and wild flowers, Wuyi Lane has lost its former glory, and the sunset reflects the dilapidated and desolate alley, which fully shows the author's inner desolation.
6. Changting
Use the pavilion to refer to the farewell place. For example, Li Bai's "Bodhisattva Man": "Where is the return journey? The pavilion is shorter. " Li Shutong's Farewell: "Outside the pavilion, beside the ancient road, the grass is green." Obviously, in China's classical poems, the pavilion became the best place for friends to bid farewell and chant.
7. Cao Fang
In China's classical poems, grass is a metaphor for people's feelings of staying away from hatred. "Chu Ci Zhao Zang Tu": "Wang Sun swims without returning, and spring grass grows." "Lush" means lush spring grass. Spring grass is lush, spring scenery is sultry, and Iraqis have not returned, which inevitably makes homesick women stay upstairs.
Bai Juyi's Farewell to Ancient Grass: "wildfire never quite consumes them, the spring breeze is blowing high. Sweet on their husband's road, Cui Jing met a desert city. "
Li Yu's Qing Ping Le: "If you hate like spring grass, you can go further and live better." Herbs are used to describe the sadness of parting, as well as the bitterness and hatred of the world.
8. Indus
In China's classical poems, Chinese parasol trees mostly express a sad voice.
Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow: "Peach and plum blossom, spring breeze blows, autumn rain falls." The cold rain in autumn hits the plane blades, which makes people miserable.
Wen Tingyun's "More Leaky": "The plane tree, it rains in the middle of the night, and it leaves a bitter feeling, and the empty steps fall to the Ming Dynasty."
Li Qingzhao's "Slow Voice": "The phoenix tree is raining, and the rain is falling." It can be seen that the autumn rain hits the phoenix tree, and there is no sorrow.
9. Plum blossom
During the period of Liang and Chen, most of Yongmei's poems described flowers themselves or took flowers as a farewell, without obvious symbolic sustenance. By the Tang and Song Dynasties, plum blossom had become a symbol of noble personality.
Zhang Lei's "How to accompany Gao Jie, Qing Xiao Ge" Huang Ting "; Su Shi's poem "I don't know that Meg is here, just looking at the green leaves and branches." "
The most famous is Lu You's "Scattered into mud, crushed into dust, only the fragrance remains." They all placed a pursuit of noble character in their descriptions of plum blossoms.
10, red bean
Red bean is acacia bean, which refers to the token of love between men and women. Herbal medicine calls it "acacia". Wang Wei's "Acacia" poem: "When those red berries come in spring, they flush on your southern branches; For me, take a hug home as a symbol of our love. " The poet expressed his affection for his friends through red beans born in the south.
Red beans were often used to symbolize love or acacia in the Tang Dynasty.
1 1, pine and cypress
"The Analects of Confucius Zi Han" said: "When the cold comes and the summer goes, you will know that the pine and cypress will decline." In later poems, pine and cypress are often used to symbolize withdrawn, straightforward, cold-resistant, clean and refined character.
Liu Yuxi: "Later, wealth faded, and cold pines and cypresses still existed." In addition, for example, chrysanthemum symbolizes noble quality, peach blossom symbolizes beauty, peony embodies wealth, and Huayang means falling. These are all the techniques that the ancients used well when writing poems.
12, tap water
In China's ancient poems, running water is often associated with continuous worries. Li Yu said: "How much sadness can you have? Just like a river flowing eastward. " "People grow up and hate water." Use the water flowing from the east as a metaphor for endless worries.
There is also Qin Guan's "Walking on the Beach": "Worry is getting farther and farther, and the distance is like spring water." "It's the tears that will turn into a spring river, which will never stop flowing." Linking running water with parting sadness is also a common expression in classical poetry.
13, Chandi
Qiangdi is a musical instrument produced in the ancient west, which makes a sad sound. It is often mentioned in frontier poems in the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Zhihuan's Liangzhou Qu: "Why should the Qiang flute complain about the willow? The spring breeze is only Yumenguan."
Fan Zhongyan's "The Pride of Fisherman" said, "A glass of turbid wine brought Wan Li home, but Ran Yan was not lost, and the tube was strong and frost was everywhere." The shrill voice of Qiangdi often makes recruiters or wanderers cry.