How to Improve Senior High School Students' Appreciation of Ancient Poetry

China is a country of poetry. Poetry has a long history, extensive and profound. Ancient poetry is an important part of China's outstanding cultural heritage, which shines with eternal light in the long history. We have always been proud that our nation has such a splendid culture. In the new era, as a high school student, what should be the goal of appreciating ancient poetry? In 2003, the New Chinese Curriculum Standard for Full-time Ordinary Senior Middle Schools, which was newly formulated and promulgated by the Ministry of Education, put forward: "Cultivate a strong interest in poetry appreciation, enrich one's emotional world, cultivate healthy and noble aesthetic taste and improve literary accomplishment." "In the process of appreciation, we should have a strong sense of autonomy, stimulate a strong interest in appreciation, fully develop association and imagination, make a diversified and open interpretation of the works, and strive to make new discoveries about the meaning of the works. Learn to examine works with modern concepts and make creative and personalized comments on the ideological content or artistic characteristics of a certain aspect. " Therefore, the study of ancient poetry requires high school students to appreciate the image, language and expression skills of ancient poetry; Evaluate the ideological content of ancient poetry and the author's viewpoint and attitude. 1. Metacognition Theory Metacognition was first put forward by American psychologist fravel in 1970s. Meta-cognition (also called reflective cognition, reflective cognition or self-cognition) refers to the subject's cognition of his own cognitive activities, including his own cognitive ability (static) and the cognitive process (dynamic) that is currently taking place, as well as his cognition of their interaction. The essence is the self-meaning and self-control of a person's cognitive activities. According to fravel, metacognition includes metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experience and metacognitive monitoring. The first level, metacognitive knowledge: learners' knowledge about their own or others' cognitive activities, processes, results and related information. The second level, metacognitive experience: a cognitive experience or emotional experience produced by learners with cognitive activities. The third level, metacognitive monitoring: learners monitor and adjust cognitive activities in order to achieve predetermined goals. Simply put, the metacognitive ability of poetry appreciation is the ability to recognize and monitor the process of poetry appreciation. For learners of ancient poetry, metacognitive knowledge is the general knowledge of learners' cognition of poetry; Metacognitive experience is the perception and experience of emotions and emotions experienced in poetry cognitive activities; Metacognitive monitoring means that learners can realize how they learn ancient poems in the process of poetry cognitive activities, and can effectively regulate their thinking activities and learning strategies. Among these three levels, metacognitive monitoring is the core and the key to successful learning. Because metacognitive monitoring can let students know their own poetry learning process and ability, and also let students know how to take measures to regulate their own poetry learning process. Second, the application of metacognition theory in the teaching of ancient poetry 1. Students who infiltrate poetry knowledge in the classroom must have a certain system of poetry knowledge in order to appreciate poetry. Therefore, in class, we should pay attention to the infiltration of poetry knowledge. For example: ① Some essential knowledge of poetry. For example, the rhythm of ancient poetry: when we study poetry, we must involve the issue of rhyme and tone. Rhyme is the harmony of sound, and the repetition of the same music in the same position constitutes the beauty of sound cycle. For example, we study an autumn night in a deep mountain, standing in the autumn evening after the rain. Moonlight in the pine forest, crystal stone in the stream. The bamboo whispers that the laundry girl returns, and the lotus leaves lie in front of the fishing boat. My friend's prince, what does it matter if spring is over and you are still here? . Rhyme makes poetry catchy to read and has a kind of phonological beauty. Knowing the four tones, it will be easy to understand the level of poetry, and also better appreciate the beauty of rhyme and rhyme of poetry and enhance aesthetic ability. (2) We should have the consciousness of knowing others and discussing the world. As we all know, a writer has a writer's main style, and an era has its own style. Poetry is a way for poets to express their feelings and a carrier to reflect the times. Therefore, when we appreciate poetry, we should understand the background of the times, the poet's life experience, cultural accomplishment, temperament hobbies and so on. Help us grasp poetry and carry out poetry appreciation activities. ③ Accumulate traditional poetic images. An image is an object with hidden feelings. After years of running-in, the relationship between meaning and image has long been established. Willow expresses feelings of separation or tenderness; Indus stands for loneliness, melancholy and bitterness; Plum blossoms are noble, indomitable and so on. Grasping the intention and linking the specific meaning of meaning will make it easier to grasp the theme of the poem. (4) Mastering the common expressions and skills of ancient poetry, such as narration, discussion, lyricism, description, comparison, combination of dynamic and static, lyricism through scenery, etc. The expression techniques are also very rich: Fu, Bi, Xing, etc. There are also commonly used rhetorical devices: metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, metonymy, contrast, contrast, pun and so on. Knowing this, it is easy to grasp how the poet "expresses his will" in his poems. 2. Enrich the metacognitive experience of learning ancient poems. The metacognitive experience of students in the study of ancient poetry can be either a joyful experience when they succeed or a frustrating experience when they fail. It can be a sudden experience of knowing, or a confused experience of not knowing. But we know that cognitive experience plays an important role in cognitive activities, and pleasant experience can deepen cognitive activities and complete cognitive tasks. Therefore, in order to make students have a pleasant cognitive experience in the process of poetry appreciation, teachers can fully demonstrate the appreciation process under the supervision of metacognition in example teaching, guide students to feel the joy of success and enrich their metacognitive experience. Case: Teachers can use language to make the implicit metacognition process explicit and lead students to complete poetry appreciation activities. ""is the content that reminds students to finish, and "()" is the content that teachers supplement in teaching. Huzhou Song (VI) Southern Song Dynasty? 6? 1 Wang Yuanliang looks at the endless clouds in the north, and the water goes to Dajiangdong. The sun sets outside Western jackdaw, in four hundred states. [Note] This poem was written when the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty and the author was escorted to the north by the Yuan Army. 1, pay attention to the topic. The topic is often the eyes of poetry, the main feeling we can see through the topic, or the main content of poetry writing. For example, the title of Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night conveys the author's feelings; (Love) Wang Wei's "Send Yuan Er An Xi", the title shows that the content is written (farewell), so it should be written according to common sense. (Parting) This poem shows that what is written is related to the poem. (Huzhou) Yan was stationed in Huzhou. In the Southern Song Dynasty, he sent people to surrender in Lin 'an, and then he took the little emperor and other prisoners to the north. The author is also among the prisoners, going north together. 2. Pay attention to the author. We should try our best to understand the poet's life experience, characteristics of the times, creative tendency and style characteristics of his works. This helps us to understand the content of poetry and master the artistic techniques in the shortest time. For example, if the author is Du Fu, we should think that when he was in the Tang Dynasty (from prosperity to decline), his poems often expressed the feelings of "worrying about the country and the people" and his style was often "depressed and frustrated"; If the author is Lu You, we should think that the content of his poems is often the expression of emotions. The author of this poem is Wang Yuanliang of Southern Song Dynasty, who is not famous. But we know that he is a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, so we can speculate that his thoughts are probably to express his sadness. (Decline of national destiny) Because an era has an era theme. For example, the theme of the prosperous Tang Dynasty is mainly the ambition to make contributions, while the theme of the Southern Song Dynasty is mainly the poet's sadness in the face of national subjugation. 3. Pay attention to the comments. The annotation of poetry is often the background of poetry, through which we can vaguely capture the poet's ideological context. The annotation of this poem tells us that this poem was written by the author on his way to the north when the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty. This gives us a basic understanding of the background of poetry creation, from which we can infer the general content and ideas of poetry. Since it was done on the way to the north when the country perished, emotion should be an expression of mood. Express one's extreme grief in the face of the country's demise. Pay attention to emotional keywords. The essence of poetry is to express the poet's feelings. Pay special attention to the words in the poem that directly convey the author's feelings. In this poem, there are two emotional words: (cold). The word "cold" renders a cold and desolate atmosphere and conveys the author's cold mood; The word "broken" shows the author's extreme grief when the "four hundred States" in the Southern Song Dynasty fell into the homeland of the Yuan people after the country's demise. If we can grasp these two emotional words, it will be easier to grasp the content of the whole poem. 5. Pay attention to the image. Poetry mainly conveys the author's feelings by shaping vivid images. What color image does the author choose and what emotion does he want to express? This poem created these images: (Yan Yun with no end in sight), (River flowing eastward), (Sunset) and (Western Western jackdaw), which surprised the author in 400 states. We should carefully analyze the connotation of each image one by one. (1) The author chooses "Yan Yun with no end in sight", which shows that the author knows that he is about to be escorted to Yanjing, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, and feels that his fate is as boundless as the clouds that day. (2) The River Flowing East shows that the author laments that the Southern Song Dynasty has perished and the national fortune is irreversible. Just like The River Flowing East, The River Flowing East symbolizes the author's inner pain in the face of the painful reality of national decline. (3) Sunset and Western jackdaw in the West are all declining scenes. Isn't the fate of the Southern Song Dynasty the same as that of Western jackdaw when the sun sets? At this moment, the author, in the face of such a declining scene, why not increase his sadness! (4) "Four Hundred States" was the territory of the old country in the Southern Song Dynasty, and now the Southern Song Dynasty has perished. Facing the vast territory of the old country, as a poet who loves his country deeply, he is deeply grieved! To sum up, we can already know the main idea of this poem. 6. Summary: In the process of poetry appreciation, we should pay attention to the topic, author, notes, emotional keywords and images. Of course, there will also be common themes, so that we can understand the content of poetry more easily. Teachers carry out poetry appreciation activities with students in the classroom, paving the way for students to learn ancient poetry, guiding students to make knowledge reasoning, and letting students learn the learning methods and necessary knowledge of poetry. In this process, students can experience the success and joy of learning poetry, which will become the internal motivation of students' learning and enable them to complete the task of poetry appreciation again. 3. Strengthening the metacognitive monitoring of ancient poetry learning Although students have some knowledge of poetry appreciation and mastered certain methods, they have not yet summarized the experience of poetry appreciation and formed a hint of metacognitive monitoring. In poetry teaching, we must cultivate students' metacognitive monitoring of poetry appreciation activities. ① With questioning method monitoring, we can cultivate students to form relatively fixed monitoring thinking in the process of learning ancient poetry, and then improve their own monitoring of learning ancient poetry. Teachers can guide students to ask themselves questions about learning content to ensure the monitoring process of metacognition. What does the title of this poem tell us? B.have I seen this kind of poem? Have I studied this poet's works? C. Can I really understand the meaning of this poem and feel its artistic conception? D. how do poets express their feelings? E. Can you successfully complete your studies if you encounter similar poems in the future? Through self-questioning, students sum up their learning process, thus cultivating metacognitive ability, which is conducive to further learning and self-adjustment. ② After students have formed a certain metacognitive ability by checking the results of intensive training, they should use intensive training to check the results of metacognitive formation so as to consolidate this ability. You can choose a certain amount of exercise. When doing exercises, ask students to review their learning process and make clear their learning process and methods. And evaluate the results of cognitive activities according to cognitive goals, and correctly estimate the degree and level of realizing cognitive goals. (3) Using tests to feedback and correct whether the methods used by students in the learning process are effective or not, and whether good methods are used in thinking can be found in the tests. Use the test method to test, let students reflect, evaluate and adjust themselves. Each test requires students to give self-feedback, find out the causes of problems when judging their own difficulties or obstacles, summarize them and take certain remedial measures. And accumulate experience that can be used for reference in similar occasions in the future, learn lessons and avoid making mistakes again. Then students' ability in poetry learning can be further improved. Three. Conclusion In today's era, cultivating students' autonomous learning ability and teaching them how to learn are the requirements of implementing quality education. A large number of research results show that students have rich metacognitive knowledge, and the higher the level of metacognitive development, the stronger their learning ability. In the study of ancient poetry, we can cultivate students' metacognitive ability, let students monitor their learning process through this knowledge, use strategies flexibly, and achieve learning goals quickly and effectively. Therefore, metacognition is an effective way for students to learn ancient poetry. As teachers, we can cultivate students' metacognitive ability and improve their appreciation of ancient poetry. Generally speaking, the application of metacognition improves students' ability to appreciate poetry.