The original meaning of "poetry" is ancient poetry. The cycle ended as early as the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and was composed by Wei Yi. Before that, it was sung by scholars in the Jin Dynasty. This theme, I don't know, is mostly lyrics, with unique expression and artistic style, which is collectively called "poetry". The confirmation of the Qing dynasty said: "Nineteen, it is not necessary to abandon your wife for the sake of one person's words. You are definitely friends, wandering away from home. Therefore, the fable of life in the new sense, the ideas provided by the early remarkable words or the strange repetition of words, the thrilling sentences, Xijing's poems ("Poetry"), Jin and Song are all regarded as the models of these five-character poems. The first sentence imitates 12. Tao Yuanming in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Bao Zhao in the Song Dynasty should learn the ways and styles of poetry. In the Southern Dynasties, Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long and Zhong Rong's Shi Pin summarized the artistic characteristics and values of Shi Pin, found their authors, time and source, and affirmed the Han Dynasty project. "Fu" represents Chen's "Yutai New Poetry", and the scope of "Poetry" is determined from the classification of poetry: there is no clear title "Miscellaneous Poetry" and "Poetry". Therefore, Chen Liang and "Poetry" formed a special class name and a specific meaning. During the Song and Han Dynasties, it was said that "addition" specifically refers to the nameless five-character poem in the Han Dynasty, and the development of a poem refers to the artistic characteristics of a poem. Nineteen Ancient Poems, as a representative of historical literature, occupies the position of "poetry", and this title has become a theme name.
[Edit this paragraph], also known as ancient times.
Before the Tang Dynasty, there was no limit to the number of metrical poems. A word-for-word poem. In the Tang Dynasty, due to the differences between modern poetry, poet's classical poetry and emerging metrical poetry, it deliberately imitated the wording of the poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, which was limited in some aspects, thus forming a fixed pattern of ancient Tang poetry. The result is a completely free poem. Before the Tang Dynasty, it was divided into free verse, metrical verse and free verse.
Numbers and verses in ancient poetry;
Poems of ancient poetry, without fixed lines, can not have a fixed posture. All ancient poems are classified according to this poem. Four-character poems, saying four words, are called four ancient and five-character sentences, Yanwu says poems, referred to as five ancient and seven-character poems, and there is also a kind of seven-character regular poems, referred to as seven ancient poems. There were four-character poems in The Book of Songs, which gradually declined. In the Tang Dynasty, few people wrote ancient poems, represented by Yanwu.
Five-character poems, orthodox ancient poems, have been written by many people.
& gt Seven-character rhyme, because of ancient poetry, is it popular among the seven schools because the mainstream originated late?
Five-character poems and seven-character poems are both neat words. Classical poetry. The number of miscellaneous poems varies in length.
[Edit this paragraph] Ancient poetry includes the following contents:
In terms of time, pre-China poetry 1840 Opium War poetry can be divided into ancient poetry and modern poetry. The word Song Faming is also called long and short sentences. Classical poetry, poems or cultural relics are also called modern poetry, and modern poetry is also called classical poetry.
According to ancient poems, in China's eyes, from the Book of Songs to Yu Xin in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it is ancient. Is there a certain standard for the so-called ancient poetry? However, the ancient poems written by poets are consistent in one thing, that is, they are almost bound by independent poetry rules. In the early Tang Dynasty, a metrical poem had strict rules. In terms of numbers, rhymes and antithesis, that is, what we call modern poetry, modern poetry is relatively archaic. Poets in the Tang Dynasty and later wrote ancient poems. We can say that who is not bound by body rhythm and classical poems. Ancient poems are divided into four-character poems, five-character poems and seven-character poems. Modern poetry can be divided into quatrains and metrical poems.
Poetry nearby
Recent poems are divided into scriptures and quatrains. The main difference between poetry and quatrains lies in the number of sentences. The quatrains * * * four, * * * eight, * * eight, the second or double-headed league, three or four mandibular joints, five or six neck joints, and the last seven 82 are all related. A quatrain is also called a truncated sentence. The antithesis of quatrains, or not antithesis, is the antithesis of couplets and necklaces. You must be antithetical to the verses or quatrains, and the level is required. Eight segments are called more than eight lines.
Here are some classic poems:
"cut plums"
Li Qingzhao
When the lotus root is fragrant and jade dies, I can untie Luo Shang and board the lotus picking boat alone.
Someone in the cloud sent a brocade book, the swallow returned, and the moon was full of the west building.
Flowers from Shui Piao to water, a kind of acacia, two places of leisure. ,
We can't get rid of it, but our hearts are frowning.
Hard road
Lipper
10,000 tracts of precious jade, in exchange for a million cups of green wine. I don't know,
Stop casting chopsticks to eat his sword, and look around at your heart.
I hope that the Yellow River will stick to the snowy Taihang Mountain.
Leisure fishing Bixi suddenly dreamed of boating again.
It's hard to go, travel, crossroads, it's safe here.
The waves sometimes break and let my muddy sails sail straight through the deep sea.
Cursive script "
Lipper
Have you seen how the water of the Yellow River flows down from the sky? The torrent of the sea never came back.
You can't see your parents, the mirror, the sad snow-white hair, and the black morning.
Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he likes, and let a golden bottle face the moon empty.
When I was born, all my money was gone.
& gt when cooking, young sheep and cows can play music and drink 300 cups.
Master Cen, Dan Qiusheng, cursive script, cup, never rest.
There is also a song that barks, which I tend to listen to.
I want to wake up drunk.
Ancient sages were lonely, and only drinkers left their names.
Wang Chen ate and laughed heartily.
Lord, take the money you mentioned to your sovereign for consideration.
Give the boy Wu's fur to exchange for good wine, so that you can fall into the water. ..
Climb high "
Du Fu
The wind is high and the sky is high, the apes cry and the birds fly back.
The endless Yangtze River in Xiao Ram is rolling in different ways.
Wanli, a frequent visitor to sad autumn, has been ill for more than a hundred years.
Difficult, annoying complex frost comes down and prevents a new glass of white wine.
"thinking"
You are Yuan Zhen.
Once I tasted the vast sea, I felt that the water in other places was pale; Once you have experienced the clouds in Wushan, you feel that the clouds elsewhere are eclipsed.
Hurried through the flowers, lazy to look back; This reason is partly because of the ascetic monk, and partly because of who you used to be.
Seven step poem
Cao zhi
Boil beans and burn beans, and the beans cry in the pot.
We are born from the same root. What's the hurry?
Zhifu yanmen line
Li he
The city of biotite is destroyed, and Japan is light.
Blow the trumpet, it's autumn, and the night is purple and fat.
Half a roll of red, easy-to-water cream and heavy drums can't afford it.
The golden stage of reporting to you aims to guide and support the Jade Dragon King.
Acacia southern red beans, how many in spring?
I hope to collect more as a symbol of our love.
"persuasion"
Yan Zhenqing
Night light, five chickens,
It's human reading. A person doesn't know how to study hard when he is young.
Bai Shoufang regrets studying late. About; In all parts of; about
Common sense of ancient poetry:
Rhyme: rhyming words at the end of the year, such as moonlight in the window of Li Bai's Silent Night Thinking, could there have been a frost already?, looking up at the bright moon and sinking back, I suddenly thought of home. Cream country rhyme.
② Rhyme is harmonious and beautiful, such as Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night.
Metric structure: a * * * has eight, twelve, 34 mandibular joints connecting the neck and 56 related, seven-eight-tailed alliances.
The rhythm and rhythm of poetry;
Judging from the sentence, poetry is generally four words, 222, 215 words, 31; Seven characters are two, two, two,
Ideographic demand.
The original punctuation of the poem (after punctuation), so the behavior.
[Edit this paragraph] Two lines in the middle school textbook say
Discussion on two poems: simple poetic style, dialogue and middle school textbooks
Classified poems in ancient Chinese poetry forms also have different opinions and demands. In particular, the three types of poems in the ancient style of the dynasty are more likely to be confused. Folk songs and styles, ancient five-character styles, are seven-character styles in form, so it is difficult to distinguish them. However, due to the unanimous recognition in ancient times, they are used to calling them because they have unique differences in content, way and style.
The People's Education Edition's Five Songs and Discussion and Practice, the second topic of the eighth grade, were sent to the military judge and said, "The hut was broken by the autumn wind" and "Bai Xuege is coming." "Song poetry is free in form, fluent in language and unrestrained in style. In a word, narrative, lyric, the similarities and differences between these two poems. "
The article on ninth grade (I) in How to Read says: "Du Fu's metrical teaching of Li Shihao is called ancient ..."
Call, don't follow the habit, this is a habit, Du Fu's "Caotang" poem is called "Seven-character Ancient Poetry", and Cen Can's "Bai Xuege" is called "Seven-character storytelling". The editor can clearly see the difference between the two poems. Du Fu's "three officials" do not have the form of "antique" with Yan Wu, but people are used to calling them "dynasties" rather than "outdated". In order to explain this problem, we need to briefly review the ancient poetry forms in China.
China's first poem is The Book of Songs Style, and Qu Yuan's Li Sao is the southern style of the Song Dynasty (also called Desao Poetry). The latter uses conjunctions "Lai", "De" and modal particles to change the length of sentences, such as "In the branch of Emperor Levin, a king came" (Lisao) and "Running Wu Ge Xipi Xijia".
In the Han Dynasty, this institution "Dynasty" was responsible for collecting all kinds of poems and folk songs, and collected the most influential folk poems, namely "China Folk Songs" that we see today. Its greatest feature is realism, popularity, liveliness and elegance in form. The materials are in the eighth grade (I) Long song, but in the high school textbook Ma Changcheng Cave,No. 15 Military Service Law, which is "authentic" in the Han Dynasty. The style of Han folk songs has influenced the poetry creation of contemporary and future generations of literati. By the Eastern Han Dynasty, when the mature representative five-character poem Nineteen Ancient Poems appeared, it absorbed the characteristics of many folk songs, which promoted the development of poetry. The development of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and Tang Dynasty, especially Han Dynasty, formed two main forms.
It is necessary to simulate a literati writing Yuefu with an ancient theme (also known as Yuefu with an old theme), borrow the title of Hanshu, and write new contents, such as "New wine in old bottles" by Cao Cao, "A trip away from Xiamen" (7), and Yang Jiong joining the army. He will join Li's "Wild Goose Gate" (2) and Li Bai's "Difficult Road to Shu". Judging from the lyrical narrative forms and techniques in Han Dynasty, elegance is popular and lively, which has increased the main changes to improve artistic taste. "Ancient Yuefu" and "Yanwu Qiyan" are two forms of seven-character poems in ancient books. Now, when we see the first song of The Three Kingdoms, the song sung by Cao Piyan began to reach Bao Zhao in the Southern Dynasties. For whom, write a hard road (18). Poetry can sing folk songs. Seventh, according to the contents of the report, recitation and physical growth, such as downward extension, fill the domestic gap. Recite the scriptures. The wonderful scene of emotional ups and downs, this poem is suitable for carrying larger ideological content and expressing emotional agitation and imagination. Whether it is the popular and concise function of ancient Yue or the lyricism of literati again, it is the main form of miscellaneous words between seven-character quatrains, full of literary talent and cadence, so it is also called "singing".
Another big lottery in the narrative of Han Dynasty mainly embodies the function of realistic content and the characteristics that people are easy to express. Use it to reflect the current social reality and attract social attention. Articles that reflect the fate of so-called "things" according to different aspects of the incident without borrowing the original title "Han Shu" will not be rejected. The Tang Dynasty paid attention to Du Fu and wrote many poems that reflected the social reality before and after the An Shi Rebellion. For example, Car Shop (Senior High School) wrote about the disaster caused by the militaristic war of the Tang Dynasty, and the old people who didn't grow up were homeless. In essence, these poems inherited the elegy consciousness in Hanshu, and drew materials from them, which was different from the traditional ancient poems without formal words. Jie Yuan, a poet who later wrote this poem regardless of Tang Zhen's conditions, is a realistic poet. In order to save and attract the attention of Du rulers, and the disadvantages of national poetry reflecting social reality declined, Yuan Jie vigorously advocated the title of "New Yuefu" and launched the New Yuefu Movement with full poetic style. They also wrote many official five words of "Dynasty", including "Li Bai", "Nine Views" and "Selling Charcoal Weng", while the syllables of folk songs have never been passed down from the Han and Wei Dynasties, and every China people's old topic standard has a new meaning. At least I can't understand the old topics, such as the poems of "three officials" and "nothing", and they are also real folk songs. " (Qing continued 2225, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1983), abstract.
The characteristics of the new Yuefu poems in the case of scholars studying Han Shu are mainly the purity and popularity of Yuefu poems, and the introduction of lyrical classical poems reflects the simplicity and Austrian characteristics of Yanwu classical poems in the past. Li Bai's "Ancient Style" (the first 58 songs) is a representative of form in appearance. What's the difference between Yanwu's ancient poems? But the content and way of lyricism have different reactions to the difference between folk songs and ancient poems. Zhao Zhixin's sound spectrum is completely different. After realizing this, more than half of the men think that "(Qing 132 Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1963) and" good feelings "refer to the differences in emotional charm of content. Ou Bei's poems further pointed out: "Ancient poems are full of delicate female thoughts, and purple folk songs are also produced because of Ji Fu's resentment against his wife, which is a subtle huff and puff of old-fashioned finished products, meaning long words and short words, and leaving directly." Shaoling has no such taste. It can be seen that under the influence of Hanshu, Du Fu's Chao and Li Bai are different from China's poems, and the directly marked topics are rarely "outdated". Antique ","Yan Wu is out of date "and" Dynasty "are all freestyle, so there is no" metrical width ".
There are two situations when the seven-chant organization developed into the Tang Dynasty. "Epang Palace Poetry" in Tang Dynasty (also called "Modern Poetry", the difference is that we didn't talk about metrical "Ancient Poetry" before). Therefore, one kind is an introduction to some grammatical practices of metrical poems that we are interested in, and the other is a way to deliberately avoid the syntax and habits of metrical poems. The former is called "Seven Unique Poems" and the latter is called "Seven Ancient Poems" (hereinafter referred to as "Seven Ancient Poems").
On the basis of the continuous splendor of Qi and Liang's poems in the Southern Dynasties, poets in the early Tang Dynasty tried to introduce singing in the form of antithesis and antithesis. As a result, Lu's famous sentences "Chang 'an cliche, Luo Dijing's poems, Zhang's" Moonlight on the Spring River "and so on formed magnificent details, and the metrical sentences and antithesis were mixed, reflecting the broad social reality, which was full of ups and downs and endless praise. In the Tang Dynasty, he wrote many frontier works, such as Yan Gexing and Cen's Sending the Judge of Military Law back to Beijing (part two), and traveled to Sichuan to publicize Dr. Feng's expedition. (A) this poem gives full play to the characteristics of the body. The early days were rich in content, magnificent and warm, strange and beautiful, and magnificent imaging technology. The combination of parallel prose and beautiful scenery made Wu (Meicun) write a poem "He Yong Palace Ci" and "Xiaomen Song", and wrote the famous "Song of Eternal Sorrow", "Pipa Xing" and "Seven Songs", which had new development until the early Qing Dynasty. Beautiful and moving, fashionable and popular, the seventh book "chanting" has been promoted to a new height, known as "Meicun Tiqing, Wang Guowei", and he also wrote poems such as "Summer Palace" in this style.
Han Yu, a poet of Du Fu, has a seven-character folk song style, which avoids grammatical sentences, embodies the characteristics of ancient elegance and simplicity, and uses three levels and three narrow tails (such as San Mao, Long Forest Point, Shen Tang, Long Bamboo Sigh and Cold Iron) in loose sentences, which is strangely quaint. It is often mainly realistic themes and deep melancholy feelings. Although the former genre is full of romanticism, we should pay attention to the grandeur of momentum, the agitation of momentum, the agitation of emotion and the dynamic transition of structure, which also ruined the writing and suggestions of Li's Song (Part II), Temple of Heaven Watching the Sea at Night and Han Yu's Rock Breaking on June 5, 5438+05.
& gt Liu Xizai's "poetic commonness" is such a characteristic that distinguishes the two types: "The ancient life is seven ancient, and in the past two years, the body is close to the body, called Harmony Gold, Li and Gu Mian; Say, simply say, bend, thin say, the upper hand, or bone and Han Wei, early Tang Dynasty. The word "ancient" here refers to the seven-character old song "Caotang was destroyed by the autumn wind", which inherits the characteristics and simple quality of Han and Wei poetry, while "near" is the evolution of the seventh day's body, which inherits the characteristics of Qi and Liang Dynasties, and the demand depends on it. It can be said that the tree of the Han nationality bears two kinds of fruits, and Yuefu poetry bears six or seven words.
More basic information about China: ancient poetry, thorough and modern metrical poetry and the basic forms of metrical poetry in Tang Dynasty.
Many classic poems are such books. "lubricant"
Poetry, our poetry. China traditional medicine cultural heritage, I hope you don't forget!