1. Xu Ru got off Chen Fan’s couch. Xu Ru (97-169), whose given name was Zhi and whose courtesy name was Ruzi. A native of Fengcheng, Jiangxi. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, famous scholars were full of knowledge but indifferent to fame and fortune. They were called "Nanzhou Gaoshi" at that time. Xu Ruzi was very smart when he was a child. When he was fifteen years old, he came to Chishan at the junction of Fengcheng, Nanchang and Jinxian counties and became a disciple of Tang Tan, a famous scholar at that time. After Tang Tan's death, Xu Ruzi lived in seclusion for a long time in Chishan, farming and teaching disciples. He once traveled far away and consulted the great scholars Fan Ying and Huang Qiong. He benefited a lot and became one of the famous scholars at that time. He was recommended many times by local officials, but he declined them all. Xu Zhi is very aloof and self-possessed. According to "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", Xu Zhi worshiped Huang Qiong as his teacher in his early years. However, when Huang Qiong became a high official, Xu Zhi took the initiative to cut off contact with Huang Qiong and concentrated on farming at home instead of visiting scholars. After Huang Qiong died, Zhi went to mourn him and cried very sadly, but he did not tell his name, so that the six or seven thousand people present did not recognize him. Chen Fan, a famous official of the Eastern Han Dynasty, went to Yuzhang to be the governor (147) and determined to do something big. As soon as he arrived there, he rushed to the famous Xu Ruzi to ask for advice on world affairs. His entourage advised him that he should go to the Yamen first, but he was scolded by him. Xu Zhi was over 50 years old at that time. When Chen Fan sent someone to invite him from Qishan, he specially prepared a movable bed for him. Xu Zhi put it down when he came and hung it up after he left. Therefore, Wang Bo said in the "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion" that "there are outstanding people and places, and Xu Ru sits on Chen Fan's bed." Xu Zhi is regarded as the representative of Jiangxi's "outstanding people and places". There is a famous Ruzi Pavilion in Nanchang today. It was originally a fishing place for Xu Ruzi and is one of the ten scenic spots in Yuzhang. Ruziting Park was built in 1979.
This allusion mainly talks about Xu Ruzi, because he is from Jiangxi, and Chen Fan is from Henan, and it is used as a foil for Xu Ruzi through Chen Fan's courtesy corporal. By the way, calling Xu Ruzi Xu Ru is abbreviation in ancient Chinese. The purpose of abbreviation is to make the structure symmetrical and rhythmic. Abbreviation was mostly used for names in ancient Chinese. Later in this article, there is another sentence: "If you don't meet Yang Yi, you caress Ling Yun and feel sorry for yourself; if you meet Zhong Qi, how can you be ashamed to play Liu Shui?" "Yang Yi" is the abbreviation of "Yang Deyi", and "Zhong Qi" is "Zhong Zi" "period" reduction.
2. The green bamboos in Suiyuan are as powerful as Pengze’s bottles. Liu Wu, King Xiao of Liang in the Western Han Dynasty, grandson of Liu Bang, son of Emperor Wen, and brother of Emperor Jing, was granted a title in Liang, with Kaifeng as his capital. He is most famous in history for building a large Liang Garden, which is the "Sui Garden" mentioned in the text. King Xiao of Liang enjoyed great glory and wealth since he was a child, and he also made great contributions to protecting the Han Dynasty. After quelling the rebellion of the Seven Kings, he began to build large-scale construction projects in the Liang Kingdom. With Suiyang as the center and relying on the natural scenery, he built a large garden called Dongyuan, also called Tuyuan, and later generations called it Liangyuan. "Hanshu" records: "King Xiao of Liang built Dongyuan, which is more than 300 miles in size." The houses in Liang Garden are decorated with carved dragons and painted phoenixes, and are magnificent and magnificent, almost comparable to the imperial palace. On both sides of the Suishui River, bamboo forests stretch for more than ten miles, with all kinds of flowers and trees, and a wide variety of birds and animals. The king of Liang often hunted, feasted, and held gatherings with guests here. The world's literati, such as Mei Cheng, Yan Ji, Sima Xiangru, etc. gathered in Liang Yuan and became the guests of King Xiao of Liang. The common idiom "Although Liangyuan is good, it is not a place to stay for a long time" comes from this allusion. Peng Ze refers to Tao Yuanming, who once served as Peng Zeling and liked to drink, so he was called "Peng Zezhizun". There is a sentence in "Returning Lai Ci" that "bringing children into the house, there is wine in the bottle". These two allusions are cited in the article to show that the guests here are like the literati who gathered in Sui Garden (Liang Garden), drinking and writing poems. Their bold and good drinking spirit surpassed Tao Yuanming.
3. The Zhuhua of Yeshui illuminates Linchuan's pen. This clause is borrowed from the poets Cao Zhi and Xie Lingyun to compare the scribes attending the banquet. "Zhu Hua in Yeshui" uses an allusion from Cao Zhi. Cao Zhi once wrote "Poem for a Public Banquet", in which there is a line "Zhu Hua emerges from the green pond". Zhuhua literally means red flower, here it refers to lotus (hibiscus). Cao Zhi is the master of Jian'an literature and has seven steps of talent. "Shi Pin" said that Cao Zhi's poems have "extraordinarily high bones and brilliant words", such as: "The bright moon clarifies the scenery, and the rows are uneven. Qiulan was captured by Changban ", Zhu Hua Mao Green Pond. Diving fish leaping over clear waves, good birds chirping on high branches", three consecutive couplets, the last two couplets are particularly neat; the word "bei" and "mao" show the author's ingenuity in word choice. The two sentences "Yeshui Zhuhua" are written about a banquet, which means that the literati who participated in the banquet, like Cao Zhi back then, wrote beautiful poems like "Zhuhua emerges from the green pond", and his romantic literary talent reflects Xie Lingyun His poetic style means he can be compared with Xie Lingyun. Linchuan, Xie Lingyun, a landscape poet from the Southern Dynasty, was the internal historian of Linchuan. Here, praising Xie Lingyun refers to an official position, which is different from calling Wang Anshi Wang Linchuan (his native place). Cao Zhi and Xie Lingyun were at the beginning and end of the Wei and Jin dynasties. Zhi came from the Han Dynasty and started the Wei Dynasty, while Lingyun came from the Eastern Jin Dynasty and started the Song Dynasty. Zhong Rong said in "Poetry": "The poem written by Xie Lingyun, the prefect of Linchuan in the Song Dynasty, originated from Chen Si." Xie Lingyun admired Cao Zhi's talent very much, and once said a rather crazy saying: "There is only one stone in the world, and Cao Zijian has it all." Eight fights, I have one fight, and everyone in the world has one fight." Therefore, it is very appropriate and natural to quote the deeds of Cao Zhi and Xie Lingyun together.
4. I hope Chang'an will be safe under the sun, and I hope Wu will meet among the clouds. The literal translation of these two sentences is: "Look at Chang'an in the distance towards the setting sun, and look at Wu County in the distance between the clouds and mist." On the surface, you can climb up and look far away from the Tengwang Pavilion, you can see Chang'an to the west, and you can see to the east. See Suzhou. Wu Hui, there is no note in the textbook, should refer to the city of Wu County, that is, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province.
When it comes to "hui", the pronunciation is kuài. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the county seat of Kuaiji County was in Wu County (now Suzhou). The counties and counties were connected and were called Wuhui. From the perspective of confrontation, it is not as neat as the previous solution ("Chang'an" versus "Wu Hui", a single place name versus a single place name). But it is also an allusion and should also have a deep meaning. Jiaosheshu believes that the allusion of "Rixia" comes from "Shishuoxinyu·Suhui": Emperor Jin and Ming were several years old and sat on the lap of Emperor Yuan. Someone came from Chang'an. Emperor Yuan asked Luoxia for news, and his tears flowed. Emperor Ming asked why he was crying? I told you that I wanted to cross eastward. Because he asked Emperor Ming: "How do you mean Chang'an is as far away as the sun?" He replied: "The sun is far away. If you don't hear people coming from the sun, you can actually know it." Emperor Yuan was different. I will tell you this at the banquet of the ministers tomorrow and ask them again. Nai replied: "The sun is approaching." Emperor Yuan lost his countenance and said: "Why are you so different from what you said yesterday?" He replied: "When you raise your eyes to see the sun, you can't see Chang'an." This allusion is often a metaphor for longing for the imperial capital but not being able to get there, and embodying the failure of fame and career. , meaning that hopes and ideals cannot be realized (see "Dictionary of Common Allusions", Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House), is consistent with Wang Bo's life experience and state of mind, but this understanding is not enough. It can only explain the previous sentence, not the next sentence. , that is, it cannot explain why "Sunxia" and "Yunjian" are opposite. In fact, there is another classic source from "Shishuo Xinyu·Pai Diao": Xun Minghe and Lu Shilong were not acquainted, so they both sat down first with Zhang Mao. Zhang Ling*** said. Since he has great talent, he should not speak in ordinary language. Lu raised his hand and said: "Lu Shilong in the clouds." We met together at the home of Zhang Hua (also known as Maoxian, a former Zhongshu Ling, and a doctor of Youguanglu). Zhang Hua asked them to talk, because both of them had outstanding talents and knowledge, and asked them not to use ordinary idioms. Lu Shilong raised his hands and said: "I am Lu Shilong in the clouds." Yes, some people think this is the origin of Chinese couplets. Shilong and Minghe are their cousins ??respectively, forming a natural parallel. Because the wind follows the tiger and the cloud follows the dragon, the quick-thinking Lu Shilong calls himself "Lu Shilong in the clouds". Xun Yin was from Luoyang, the capital of the Western Jin Dynasty. "Ciyuan": "Feudal society compared the emperor to the sun, because the place where the emperor was was the sun." Therefore, Xun Yin called himself "Xun Minghe under the sun." Lu Yun was from Songjiang (now Shanghai). Because of this "couplet", Shanghai later got the nickname "Yunjian". Because of the popularity of this couplet, "clouds" versus "sunshine" has become a commonly used parallelism among poets. Li Yu of the Qing Dynasty wrote "Li Weng Dui Rhyme": "The name moved the emperor's territory, and the three Sus of Western Shu came to the sun; I traveled to Jingluo in great glory, and the two continents of Eastern Wu rose from the clouds." There is a riddle couplet: Wu Xiamen blows the single-hole flute in all the wind households ( The answer is: blowing a fire tube), and every family in the beautiful scenery in the clouds plays the duxianqin (the answer: playing cotton). Due to the use of allusions, these two sentences have two meanings, both exterior and interior. On the surface, it means that when standing in Tengwang Pavilion, you can climb high and look far away, wandering around, and have a broad field of vision. This meaning can echo the above "the sky is very different from the earth, and the universe is infinite." If you know the relevant background knowledge, you will also know that the author uses allusions to express implicitly that he is as talented as Lu Ji, a young man, but at the same time, he also expresses his feeling that he has a bumpy career and has no way to serve the country. This meaning can be echoed by the sentence below: "The terrain is extreme but the southern sky is deep. The sky pillar is high but the northern star is far away. The mountain is difficult to cross. Who feels sorry for those who have lost their way?" This understanding is completely consistent with Wang Bo's character and experiences, and can better understand the context. Wang Bo was originally young and energetic, and coupled with his talent, it was easy for him to become arrogant and arrogant. Later, as expected, an article "Criticizing the King of England's Chicken" offended Emperor Gaozong, and he was expelled from the capital. His father was also demoted and punished. For a moment, Wang Bo felt as if he had fallen from the clouds. I feel sad that my talents are not being met, and feel dejected because my future is bleak. Therefore, looking at Kyoto and Chang'an seems as far away as the horizon, and looking at Wu Hui seems to be far away among the misty sea of ??clouds. This was the true expression of Wang Bo's sadness and despair about his political future at that time. How can we convey such complex emotions if we just "look to the west of Chang'an and to the distance of Wu Hui"? One of the benefits of using allusions is that they are concise and meaningful, and less can overcome more. They can "contain ten thousand things in one" and better convey rich and complex thoughts and feelings.
5. The terrain is extreme but the southern sky is deep, the sky pillar is high and the northern star is far away. "Nanming" refers to the sea in the south, from "Zhuangzi Xiaoyaoyou": "It is a bird, and the sea will migrate to Nanming (Ming), and Nanming is the Tianchi." "Tianzhu", the legendary The Pillar of Optimizing Heaven comes from "The Classic of Mountains and Seas·Shenyi Jing": "There is a copper pillar in Kunlun, which is as high as the sky, so-called Tianzhu. It is three thousand miles in circumference, and the circumference is like cutting. There is a house under the copper pillar, and the wall is a hundred feet wide. "The sky pillar is extremely high. The two sentences "The terrain is extremely extreme but the southern sky is deep, the sky pillar is high but the northern star is far away", by imagining the vastness of the universe, they set off the insignificance of life, thus triggering the emotion below.
6. When Emperor Huai disappeared, how old was the Fengxuan Office? Di refers to the Emperor of Heaven, and Yan refers to the gatekeeper. Di Yan is the gatekeeper of the Emperor of Heaven. "Liezi·Tangwen": "When the god of snakes heard about it, he was afraid of it and told it to the emperor." This "emperor" also refers to the emperor of heaven. Emperor Yanyuan is the deity imagined in Qu Yuan's poems and poems. "Li Sao": "I ordered the emperor to close the door and look at me." (I asked the Tianmen guard to open the door, but he leaned against the Tianmen and stared at me.) The poet searched up and down in his imagination and came to the heaven. He went to kowtow to Emperor Yan, but Emperor Yan refused to inform him. This heavenly symbol was actually a symbol of the human world, indicating that the poet's road to regaining the trust of the King of Chu was completely blocked.
The ancients often used "calling the emperor's palace" and "knocking the emperor's palace" to express loyalty to the court, hope that the emperor and his ministers would meet together, or that the people's sentiments could be conveyed to the saints. Yang Xiong's "Ode to the Capital of Shu": "The chosen witch Xianxi is called Emperor Yan." Zhang Heng's "Si Xuan Fu": "Call the emperor to send an envoy to Pi Fei Xi to confront the emperor in Qiong Palace." Du Fu's "Sailuzi": "Who can call the emperor to be a ghost?" Yuan Chonghuan's "Huanyi Li": "Kowtow to the emperor sincerely, I am willing to turn an inch of iron." "Emperor" in Wang Bowen actually refers to the monarch or the court, just like "Your Majesty" is used to refer to the emperor. Because the first word is "huai" instead of "call" or "knock", and the second word is "miss"; and it is symmetrical with the next sentence "xuanshi", they all allude to the emperor of the current dynasty. Jiao Shen translated "Emperor Huai disappeared without seeing" as "missing the imperial palace but could not see it". It would be better to translate it as "missing the imperial court but could not be summoned". The allusion of "Fengxuan Room" is intended to lament the difficulty of approaching the imperial court and being loyal to the emperor, and at the same time, it subtly foreshadows the following "Qu Jiayi came to Changsha, not without a holy master". Announcement Room: The main hall of Weiyang Palace in the Western Han Dynasty, where the emperor summoned ministers to discuss matters. Four years after Jia Yi was demoted to Changsha, the Han Emperor summoned him back to Chang'an and asked him about ghosts and gods in the propaganda room. The matter can be found in "Historical Records: Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng". These two sentences mean that I miss the imperial court, but when can I serve the king?
7. Feng Tang Yi Lao, Li Guang is difficult to seal. Feng Tang's deeds can be found in "Historical Records: Zhang Shizhi's Biography of Feng Tang" and "Hanshu: Biography of Feng Tang". Feng Tang lived through the three dynasties of Wen, Jing, and Wu emperors, and had only been a Langguan until the time of Emperor Wu. Someone recommended him, but he was over ninety years old and could no longer serve as an official. Later generations used "Feng Tang Yi Lao, Feng Tang is old, Lao Feng Tang, Sigh Feng Tang" to express that he was born at the wrong time and had a bad fate, or that he was old and could no longer make a difference. The historical records mainly record one incident about Feng Tang. Feng Tang and Emperor Wen of Han were chatting in the presence of others. They talked about famous generals in ancient times and thought that Lian Po and Li Mu were very capable of commanding. Emperor Wen sighed with emotion and said that it would be great if I had people like Lian Po and Li Mu as generals. Mr. Feng immediately said that even if you had Lian Po and Li Mu, you would not use them. Emperor Wen was furious and walked away. However, Emperor Wen was a particularly good-tempered person among emperors. If someone else had been the emperor, Feng Tang would have been beheaded. After waiting for a while, Emperor Wen came back and said that even if you criticize me, you should say it in private. Why don't you give me face in public? Feng Tang said that despicable people do not know how to avoid taboos. I think His Majesty treats the soldiers too poorly, the rewards are too light and the punishments are too heavy. Wei Shang, the governor of Yunzhong County, only reported six more heads, so his majesty dismissed him from office and sentenced him to one year in prison. From this point of view, even if His Majesty gets Lian Po and Li Mu, he cannot reuse them. Emperor Wen suddenly realized this and immediately appointed Feng Tang as his special envoy to Yunzhong County to pardon Wei Shang. This is the origin of the allusion in Su Dongpo's poem "Jiangchengzi·Hunting in Mizhou", "In the clouds holding the festival, when will Feng Tang be sent". After Emperor Jing took office, Feng Tang became Prime Minister of Chu, but was later dismissed by Emperor Jing. By the time Emperor Wu came to power, Feng was already in his nineties. This is the origin of the allusion "Feng Tang Yi Lao".
The allusion of "Li Guang is difficult to seal" comes from "Historical Records: Biography of General Li": Li Guang and his younger brother Li Cai both lived in the Han Dynasty. Guang was not awarded a title, and his official position was no more than Jiuqing, while Cai was a lord, reaching the rank of Three Dukes." Later, he used "Li Guang was not granted the title", "Li Guang was not granted the title", "Li Guang was not granted the title" and so on to lament his fate despite his high achievements. Curious.
Li Guang, a famous general in the Han Dynasty, was brave and talented in battle. He fought more than 70 battles with the Xiongnu in his life. His reputation was so great that the Xiongnu fled away and called him "Flying General". "But the flying generals of Longcheng are here, and Hu Ma is not allowed to travel to Yinshan" and "You have not seen the hardships of fighting on the battlefield, but I still remember General Li to this day" are all famous sentences in praise of him. However, Li Guang failed to break up the soil and become a prince, which aroused the regret of historians and the sadness of countless people.
The era of Emperor Wu was originally an era of expanding territory and rewarding military merits. Li Guang and his younger brother Li Cai were both Zhonglang during the Emperor Wen's reign. They fought against the Huns together during the Emperor Jing's reign, were granted the title of Marquis of Le'an, and rose to the rank of Prime Minister. . The two were born in the same family, served as officials together, and made military exploits together. Li Cai's character, talent, and reputation were far inferior to Li Guang's, but his official name and title were superior to Li Guang's. Li Guang's son Li Gan followed Huo Qubing to conquer the Huns as a school captain. "Because he captured the flag of King Zuoxian and beheaded many people," he was given the title of Marquis of Guannei. Even many of Li Guang's subordinate military officials were awarded titles based on military merit. However, Li Guang himself galloped on the battlefield and fought in the army throughout his life. He had difficulty in becoming a marquis during the three dynasties of Emperor Wen, Emperor Jing, and Emperor Wu. In the end, he committed suicide. What was the reason? For thousands of years, people have put forward various opinions. Some people say that his fate was bad. Wang Wei's "Old General's Journey" said: "Wei Qing's undefeated victory was a matter of luck, while Li Guang's failure was due to many fates." Some people said that although he was brave in battle, he was not good at using troops and lacked political acumen and military management skills. Some people even say that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty favored his relatives and favored Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, but did not really value Li Guang, and even deliberately excluded him and did not give him the opportunity to make meritorious deeds. Later generations often regarded Li Guang as a representative figure who had talents but could not display them.
"Unfavorable fortunes and misfortunes" regard life's gains and losses as normal; "Feng Tang Yi Lao, Li Guang is difficult to seal," are two examples taken from history, using To comfort frustrated people including myself.
8. Qu Jiayi was not without a holy master in Changsha. Jia Yi, a native of Luoyang, was famous for his literary talent at the age of 18. He was called a doctor by Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty at the age of 20. He was deeply relied on and was ranked as the youngest among the doctors. Every time he consulted the imperial edicts and the doctors could not speak, Jia Yi would do his best. The answer was correct and got everyone's approval. So within a year, he was promoted to Taizhong doctor. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty appreciated Jia Yi's talents and proposed to appoint Jia Yi as a minister.
However, the ministers and princes in the court were not tolerant of Jia Sheng. They slandered Jia Yi in front of Emperor Wen that he was "only interested in power and messing up everything." Emperor Wen had to demote him to the position of Prince Tutor of Changsha. Later he was appointed as Taifu of King Huai of Liang. King Huai of Liang fell off his horse and died. He hated himself for neglecting his duty. He also died of depression a year later at the age of only 33. Mao Zedong's "Ode to Jia Yi": "The young man is a talented man in the corridors and temples. It is a pity that his great ambitions have not been fulfilled. He has millions of soldiers in his chest, and his courage shines on thousands of Chinese trees. The hero has no plan to devote himself to the Holy Lord, but his high moral integrity is finally suspected. Eternal. Cherish Fu in Changsha, and leave Miluo in the dust. "In ancient times, Jia Yi was often regarded as a representative of unrecognized talents and young deaths.
9. When Liang Hong travels to the sea, is there no shortage of bright time? The matter can be found in "Book of the Later Han: Biography of Liang Hong" and "Book of the Later Han: Biography of Yimin". Liang Hong, courtesy name Boluan, was born in Pingling, Fufeng (now northwest of Xianyang, Shaanxi Province) in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, and was a writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Liang Hong lost his father when he was young. In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liang Hong entered Taixue to study. Although his family was poor, he studied hard. During his study period, he read all ancient and modern classics and had a comprehensive understanding of classics and history. After completing his studies, Liang Hong was assigned to herd pigs in Shanglinyuan. Although his major was not suitable, he was happy to be his "pig herder". One day at leisure, Liang Hong and his pigs were basking in the sun, and two little pigs were rolling in the mud. Liang Hong saw it and said to the little pig: "Pig, pig, actually I envy you very much. Once upon a time, an old uncle from Zhuang Zhou said that although the sacrificial cows used in suburban sacrifices are usually fed with good nutrients, It is comfortable to wear it with embroidery, but once it is sent to the Ancestral Temple for sacrifice, this cow wants to be a little pig. Is this possible? So I don't want to be a minister, and I don't want to be tied down by state affairs. I would rather be a little pig playing in the sewage ditch, so that my mind can be happy." Once, Liang Hong accidentally left a fire and burned some of the family's belongings. He went to the house and inquired about the owner's losses in detail. Then the price of pigs is used as compensation. The owner of the family was mean and thought that the compensation was too small. Liang Hong said that my family was poor and had little property, so just let me work for you for a few years. The master asked him to be the nurse, and Liang Hongke fulfilled his duties. Several neighbors couldn't stand it anymore and blamed the owner of the house. The owner wanted to return the pig to him, but Liang Hong refused and stopped being a swineherd and went back to his hometown Pingling. During the reign of Emperor Zhang of the Han Dynasty, Liang Hong went to visit his friend Gao Hui and passed through the capital, so he composed a poem called "Five Ai Song", a poem with one to five lines, with the word "Ai" after each sentence. The general idea is: Climb up to the high Beimang Mountain and look down at the Imperial City at your feet. You will see how magnificent the palaces are, but the hard work of the people is far from ending. This poem was known to Emperor Zhang, who was furious and ordered the arrest of Liang Hong. After hearing the news, Liang Hong changed his name and surname, fled with his wife and children to live on the Bohai Sea. "Liang Hong traveled to Haiqu, how could there be no bright time?" More than five hundred years later, the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Bo expressed his deep emotion about Liang Hong's fate of being persecuted in "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng". However, the days of peace did not last long. The people sent by Emperor Zhang pursued Qilu. Seeing that he could no longer stay here, Liang Hong had to flee south with his wife and one son. After Liang Hong and his wife fled to Wudi (today's Suzhou area), they worked as servants for wealthy businessmen, and the family of three finally had a safe place to live. During the day, Liang Hong pounded rice. Whenever he dragged his tired body home at night, Meng Guang had already prepared delicious meals for him. She respected her husband very much and did not dare to look up, so she half-bent her body and raised the tray with food to her eyebrows for him to eat. This is the origin of the famous allusion of "raising a case to raise eyebrows". Once the owner saw it and exclaimed: "The person who can make his wife respect him so much must be very human!" So he changed a big house for Liang Hong and his wife to live in. From then on, Liang Hongfang devoted himself to learning and wrote more than ten books behind closed doors. . Later generations of literati often quoted "Liang Hong Yu Haiqu, how can there be no shortage of bright times" to express their complaints that they have never opened their minds in life.
10. Drinking from the greedy spring makes you feel refreshed, and you still feel happy when you are in a dry rut. The former allusion comes from "The Book of Jin: The Biography of Wu Yin". On his way to take office, Wu Yin from Jin Dynasty passed by a spring called Tanquan. It is said that people who drink this water will become greedy. He didn't believe it, so he drank the water and wrote a poem to the effect that people who are not greedy would not become greedy after drinking this water. After he took office, he was very clean. "Drinking from the fountain of corruption and feeling refreshed" expresses that an honest person will never be eroded by the filth of the outside world, and a virtuous person can remain pure even in a filthy environment. The latter allusion comes from "Zhuangzi: Foreign Objects Chapter". The general idea is that Zhuang Zhou borrowed grain from the Marquis of Jianhe, and the Marquis of Jianhe promised to lend him a large sum of money after the taxes from the feudal areas were collected. Zhuang Zhou got angry and said, "The carp in the rut needs dozens of liters of water. If you delay in getting water from the Xijiang River, it will be like leaving the carp in a dry fish trap." Later, the idiom "Juzhe Zizhi" was formed, which is used to describe people who are in trouble and need help urgently. "Zhuangzi·The Great Master": "It's better to forget each other in the rivers and lakes than to forget each other." There is also an idiom "to help each other with foam", which is a metaphor for helping each other in trouble. This allusion is quoted in the text as someone who is in a difficult situation but is able to enjoy himself.
11. Although Beihai has credit, Fuyao can take it. (omitted)
12. "The east corner is gone, and the mulberry trees are not too late." There is an idiom that goes like "If you lose the east corner, you will gain the mulberry trees." It is a metaphor that there are losses at the beginning, but victory is finally achieved; it is not too late to work hard when you are young and wasted when you are young. From "Book of the Later Han·Feng Yi Zhuan".
13. Meng Chang was noble and dedicated to serving the country. Mengchang, courtesy name Bozhou, was born in Shangyu, Kuaiji, Eastern Han Dynasty. He once served as the governor of Hepu. He was known for his integrity and dedication to the public affairs. He worked for the people to bring benefits and eliminate disadvantages, and the people called him a god. However, due to his noble aspirations and self-discipline, he was not allowed to be promoted for a long time, and later lived in seclusion and farmed. During the reign of Emperor Huan, although some people recommended him many times, it was of no use. He died at home at the age of seventy. The matter can be found in "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Mengchang".
Regarding Mengchang, there is a famous idiom "Hepu Zhuhuan", which means that Hepu does not produce grains and the coast produces pearls. Due to the corruption and bribery of the former prefect, the pearls were shipped to the neighboring Jiaozhi County. When Mengchang took office, he got rid of his father, and the relocated Pearl returned to Hepu. Later, "Hepu Zhuhuan" was used to describe people returning after leaving or things lost and found, which means to praise the person or the thing.
14. Ruan Ji is rampant, how can he cry at the end of the road? From the "Book of Jin·Biography of Ruan Ji": Ruan Ji "driving alone at times, unable to follow the path, and often returned home crying." Ruan Ji used this to vent his dissatisfaction with reality. The author considers this behavior to be negative and does not intend to imitate it. This is a negative allusion, expressing that the author is unwilling to sink, and strives to cheer up and strengthen himself, with the meaning of masturbation and self-encouragement. "Rampant" is different from its current meaning, which now refers to arrogance, unbridledness, and menacing momentum. This refers to wildness and informality.
Ruan Ji is one of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest. The so-called Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove are a collective name for seven literati and celebrities from the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Shan Tao, Liu Ling, Ruan Xian, Xiang Xiu and Wang Rong often roamed in the bamboo forest, drank to their heart's content, played chess and composed poems without restraint, and were known as the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest" in history. Among the seven, Ruan Ji and Ji Kang are the most famous and are the representatives of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest. Their behavior is very strange. Ji Kang took medicine and Ruan Ji drank. Ruan Ji was not bound by secular ethics and showed bizarre behavior. He likes to drink, and there is a beautiful woman selling alcohol on the street nearby. He often goes to drink, and when he is drunk, he lies down next to the beautiful woman. He does not bother to follow the "difference between men and women". When his sister-in-law returns to her parents' home, he bids her farewell and sends her on her way. . Regarding the gossip and criticism of others, Ruan Ji said: "What does the ethics of Confucius and Mencius have to do with me?" What we now talk about like green eyes, favor, favor, etc. all come from Ruan Ji's story. When Ruan Ji sees ordinary people, he looks at them with blank eyes; when someone he likes and admires comes, he looks at them with blue eyes. He is a true celebrity who is naturally romantic, and Ruan Ji is a true man of temperament, extraordinary and refined.
15. There is no way to ask for a tassel, waiting for the weak crown of the final army. According to the "Book of Han·Zhongjun Biography": "South Vietnam and the Han Dynasty made peace, so they sent (Zhi) troops to Nanyue to tell their king that he wanted to bring him to the dynasty and compare the princes in the country. The army asked himself: "I am willing to accept the long tassel, and I will restrain the king of Nanyue. The army then went to talk to the King of Yue, and the King of Yue heard the promise and asked all the people in the country to go to Nanyue. He told the court that as long as he was given a long rope, the King of Nanyue would be bound to the Han Dynasty court. Come. Finally, he persuaded South Vietnam to return to the Han Dynasty. These two sentences mean that he and Zhong Jun are similar in age, but there is no way to serve the country. "Qingying" as an allusion often means killing the enemy to serve the country, making achievements, joining the army or going on an envoy, etc. Nowadays, it is mostly used to refer to voluntarily requesting to join the war or participate in some important and risky activities, or voluntarily requesting to be assigned tasks, etc. It means praise. For example: “Angels in white have come to work on the front line in the fight against SARS” and “Wuhan college students have come to the border to work”. "Qingying" has now become a common word. "Changying" refers to the long rope that binds the enemy, which is a metaphor for the power to defeat the enemy. Mao Zedong's poems often cited the allusion of "Changying". "Die Lianhua·From Tingzhou to Changsha" (1930): "In June, the heavenly army conquers the evil, and the long tassel will bind Kunpeng." "Qingpingle·Liupanshan": "Today I have the long tassel in my hand, when will I bind the blue dragon? ? ”
16. If you have a heart and write, you will be admired. You have the arms to throw pens: you have the arms to throw pens and join the army. The story of joining the army with a pen can be found in "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Ban Chao": "My family was poor, and I often wrote books for official servants to support myself. After working hard for a long time, I almost quit my job. I sighed and said: 'A man has no other ambitions, especially imitating Jiezi and Zhang Qian. How can he be able to write and inkstone for a long time by performing meritorious service in a foreign land?" Ban Chao's father Ban Biao, brother Ban Gu, and sister Ban Zhao ("Cao Family") were all famous historians in the Han Dynasty. Ban Chao initially worked as a copywriter in the government. After joining the army, he was appreciated by General Dou Gu. In 94 AD, on the recommendation of Dou Gu, Ban Chao sent the Western Regions to the Western Regions. After years of hard work, he finally unified the entire Western Regions under the Eastern Han Dynasty. Ban Chao was granted the title of Marquis of Dingyuan due to his meritorious service. Later generations called the literati's joining the army as writing and joining the army. Today, when college students serve in the army, it is called "carrying a pen to serve in the army." Zongqi: named Yuanqian, a native of Nanyang in the Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty. "Song Book·Zong Cui Biography": "Zong Cui, courtesy name Yuanqian, was born in Nanyang. His uncle Bing was a noble but not an official. When Cui was young, Bing asked him about his ambitions, and he replied: 'I would like to ride the long wind and break thousands of miles of waves.' '" "Traveling is Difficult" by Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty: "There will be times when the wind breaks through the waves, and the sails are directly hung up to cross the sea." This metaphor is to move forward bravely without fear of hardships. It also describes the rapid development of a career. The idiom is generally written as "ride the wind and break the waves". These two sentences mean that I envy Zong Ji's lofty ambition to brave the wind and waves to repay his defeat, so he has the ambition to join the army.
17. It is not the treasure tree of the Xie family, but the neighbor of the Meng family. Xie family: The family of Xie An and Xie Xuan in the Jin Dynasty. Baoshu: Xie Xuan once used "Zhilan Yushu" as a metaphor for a good disciple. The previous sentence means that he is not as good as the Xie family's children and is modest. During the Jin and Six Dynasties (Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen), the Xie family was most prosperous, with a large number of talented people and a high reputation. Especially the families of Xie An, Xie Xuan, Xie Lingyun and Xie Huilian from Yangxia (now Taikang County, Henan Province) are all famous in history. The so-called "Zhilan Yushu" comes from the "Book of Jin: Biography of Xie An": "(Xie Xuan) Shaoying Wu, and his brother Lang were both trusted by his uncle An. An Changjie made an appointment with his nephew, because he said: 'How can my children interfere with human affairs? , and you want to make it better? 'No one has anything to say.' There is also "Jade tree facing the wind", which is a metaphor for a handsome young man. "Yushu Yingjie" is a metaphor for having many and good children.
The story of Mencius' mother moving three times is a famous allusion, which comes from "The Biography of Women" (edited by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty). Mencius lost his father when he was three years old and was raised by his mother. Mencius, who was called "the Lesser Sage" by later generations, was actually very naughty and mischievous when he was young. In order to educate him well, his mother spent a lot of thought. It is said that his mother moved three times to choose neighbors in order to educate her son. For the first time, his family lived near a tomb. When Mencius was a child, he specialized in burying dead people and crying to death. Meng’s mother felt that this was not the place for my children, so she moved to the city. Unexpectedly, it was near a farmer’s market. Mencius and his friends played the business game again. Meng's mother thought that this was not conducive to the children's concentration on studying, so she moved again, near a school. Neighbors: Good neighbors. The next sentence says that when I was young, my father also chose to live next door, so that I could get a good education. Another meaning is that I am very happy to make friends with all the guests attending the banquet.
18. He is getting closer to the court day by day, and he wants to accompany the carp. This means that he will go to his father to receive instruction in a while. From "The Analects of Confucius·Ji": "(Confucius) tasted independence, and the carp rushed across the court. He said: 'Have you learned poetry?' He replied: 'Not yet.' If you don't learn poetry, you can't speak (there is no basis for speaking) "Li retreated to study poetry. One day, he became independent again and asked, "Learning etiquette?" He replied, "If you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand up." "The carp retreats and learns etiquette." Heri: the next day. Go to court: Walk quickly and respectfully in front of the court. As allusions, "Chunting", "Li Dui" and "Ting Dui" all refer to children receiving instruction from their father; "Tingxun" mostly refers to the teaching or cultivation of their father. Taobei: Used to compare oneself with shame. Li: Kong Li, the son of Confucius. Dui: Refers to Dui in the court, which means receiving instruction.
19. I would like to hold my arm in my arms and support you at the dragon gate. Longmen: According to the "Book of the Later Han·Li Ying Biography", Li Ying was very famous at that time. The scholars who were received by him felt lucky and called him "Denglongmen". Later, climbing the dragon gate was often used as a metaphor for the sudden glory that scholars received. What this means is that being able to meet Yan Gong at the banquet this time is as joyful as climbing to the Dragon Gate. Dragon Gate: In the Yellow River between what is now Jishan County, Shanxi Province and Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province, the water there is dangerous and fast. Big fish in the river gather under the Dragon Gate and cannot get up. According to legend, the fish that go up will turn into dragons. , therefore, "climbing the dragon's gate" is often used to describe a scholar's sudden glory, which is what "the carp jumps over the dragon's gate" means; it is also used to describe an increase in one's worth due to meeting celebrities. This contains flattery to Yan Gong.
20. If Yang Yi doesn’t meet, I caress Ling Yun and feel sorry for myself. It means that if you haven't met anyone who recommends you, you can only caress about Lingyun's talent and sigh. The incident comes from "Historical Records·Biography of Sima Xiangru". Yang Yi: The provincial name of Yang Deyi. caress: caress. Lingyun: refers to Sima Xiangru's "Adult Fu". Yang Deyi was an official in charge of the emperor's hunting dogs during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Once Emperor Wu read "Zixu Fu" and praised it repeatedly, saying: "I am the only one who can be the same as this man!" Yang Deyi told Emperor Wu that this Fu was written by Sima Xiangru. So Emperor Wu summoned Xiangru. Xiangru wrote his "Adult Fu" to Emperor Wu, "The emperor is overjoyed, with the aura of flying clouds, as if he is traveling between heaven and earth." This sentence means that if he had not met someone who recommended him like Yang Deyi, Sima Xiangru would have I can only care about Lingyun's talent and feel sorry for myself. The following sentence says that now that you have a close friend like Zhong Ziqi, what's the shame in playing the music of mountains and flowing water? The focus of these two sentences is on the latter one. The author is actually saying that he has met a close friend like Yan Gong this time, so he is willing to compose poems and compositions at the banquet.
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