Du Fu
Du Fu (dù fǔ) was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty of my country and a world cultural celebrity. Du Fu was honored as the "Sage of Poetry" and the "Immortal of Poetry" by later generations. Li Bai is also known as "Li Du" (also known as "Big Li Du"). Because it experienced the process from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, compared with the poet Li Bai, Du Fu was more concerned about the country and sympathized with the difficult lives of the people. The poems he wrote were all-round. It reflects the social outlook of the Tang Dynasty before and after the Anshi Rebellion, and is called "the history of poetry".
Du Fu served as Huazhou Sigong and joined the army from June of the first year of Qianyuan (AD 758) to the autumn of the second year of Qianyuan (AD 759) by Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu originally served as Zuo Shiyi in the imperial court. Because of his outspoken advice, which angered the powerful, he was demoted to Huazhou (today's Hua County), where he was responsible for sacrifices, rituals and music, schools, elections, medical treatment, examinations and other matters. After arriving in Huazhou, Du Fu felt very depressed and troubled. He often visited the pavilion of Zheng County on the bank of the Xixi River (near Laoguan Terrace in today's Xinglin Town) to relieve his worries and boredom. In his poems such as "Inscription on the Pavilion of Zheng County", "Standing with Cases in the Bitter Heat of Early Autumn", "Independence" and "Skinny Horse Walking", he expressed his lament and resentment about the frustrated official career, the bleak world, and the treacherous and slanderous people.
Despite his personal misfortune, Du Fu was always concerned about the country and the people. At the time of the Anshi Rebellion, he was always paying attention to the development of the current situation. During this period, he wrote two articles: "A Picture of the Situation for Huazhou Guo Shijun to Advance and Destroy Canguan" and "Five Poems on the Policy Questions of Huazhou Examination Jinshi in the First Year of Qianyuan" ", to provide suggestions for annihilating the Anshi rebels and consider how to reduce the burden on the people. When the troops of Li Siye, the military commander of Zhenbeiting Jiedu, a powerful force against the rebels, passed through Huazhou, he wrote two poems "Guan'an Xibing Passed to Guanzhong and Standby" to express his patriotic enthusiasm. At the end of the first year of Qianyuan (AD 758), Du Fu temporarily left Huazhou and visited relatives in Luoyang and Yanshi (both in today's Henan Province). In March of the following year, the battle broke out between the Tang army and the Anshi rebels in Yecheng (now Anyang, Henan), and the Tang army was defeated. On his way back to Huazhou from Luoyang, Du Fu saw the endless disasters brought by the war to the people and the patriotic behavior of the people who endured humiliation and joined the army. He was deeply moved and wrote the immortal epic - "Three Officials" ("Xin'an Officials"). ", "Shihao Officials", "Tongguan Officials") and "Three Farewells" ("Newlywed Farewell", "Elderly Farewell", "Homeless Farewell"), and after returning to Huazhou, they were revised and finalized. "The eyes are full of sorrow and trouble, because people travel far away." In the summer of the second year of Qianyuan (759 AD), there was a severe drought in Huazhou and Guanzhong. Du Fu wrote "Summer Sigh" and "Summer Night Sigh", expressing sadness and chaos. , lamenting the suffering of national refugees. After the Beginning of Autumn that year, Du Fu was distraught about the dirty current affairs, so he gave up his post as Sigong in Huazhou and joined the army, and went west to Qinzhou (today's Tianshui area of ??Gansu Province). During his tenure as Sigong in Huazhou, Du Fu composed more than 30 poems.
After several twists and turns, Du Fu finally arrived in Chengdu. With the help of Yan Wu and others, he built a thatched cottage on the bank of Huanhua River in the west of the city, which is known as "Du Fu Thatched Cottage" and "Huanhua Thatched Cottage". Later, it was recommended as the festival capital by Yan Wu, and his family lived in Fengjie County, Sichuan. Two years later, he left Fengjie County and traveled around Jiangling and Hengyang. In the fifth year of Emperor Dali of the Tang Dynasty (AD 770), the poet died of illness in a small boat on the Xiangjiang River in Hengyang City. During the last eleven years of his wandering in the southwest, although he lived a life "like everyone else's", he wrote "The Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind", "Hearing that the Government's Army Takes Henan and Hebei", "Autumn Rising", " Sui Yan Xing" and more than a thousand poems. Du Fu's poems are all collected in "Du Gongbu Ji". The style of poetry is basically melancholy.