"Poetry is poor and backward" means that poets can only write beautiful poems if they are tempered by difficult and dangerous environment and depressed inside. Sima Qian, Zhong Rong, Han Yu and others have similar views on poetry theory, which generally focus on the relationship between the life of the creative subject and the creative potential.
Ouyang Xiu further directly linked the writer's life situation and emotional state with the characteristics of poetry creation itself: first, the poet is "free" because of poverty, and can establish a pure aesthetic relationship with the outside world, so he can explore the "strangeness" in nature and social life; Secondly, the repressed emotions help the poet "thrive in resentment" and express his subtle and universal human feelings. This is an in-depth development of predecessors' thoughts.
2. Ouyang Xiu said: "Poetry is poor and backward" means "poverty". The word "poor" is not poor and poor, which means that there is no way out, similar to the word "poor" at the end of the road. "Poetry is poor and backward" refers to a poet in a difficult situation (such as political persecution, etc.). ) can often write good ("works") poems.
This is in line with Sima Qian's theory of "angry book" and Han Yu's theory of "injustice makes noise" Ouyang Xiu said in the Preface to the Poems of Mei: "The poorer you are, the more you build, the more you work.
However, it is not poetry that can help the poor. The poor will have to work in the future. "So people always think that only the poor can write good poems; In other words, you are not a poor poet.
Even The View of China Ancient Literature published by Yuelu Bookstore interprets this sentence as: "The poorer a poet is, the more skillful his poems are. In this case, it is not poetry that can make people poor. It turns out that the poet is poor and then he can write a skillful poem. "
If we say that a poet must be poor before he can have good poems; Then I thought: many people who are interested in poetry are reluctant to enter the door of poetry, and most friends will still pay attention to the synchronous development of two civilizations. In fact, the view that poetry is poor and backward is correct in itself, but it is not good to interpret the word "poor" as "poor".
There are six interpretations of the word "poverty" in Ci Yuan: ultimate, end, end, hardship, poverty, root and ancient country name. ; 3f In Ouyang Xiu's preface to engineering, the word "poor" is always used.
In my opinion, none of them can be explained by "poverty" Mei's "enjoying the cool for an official", will she be poor when she becomes an official-even if she is not full of ten men, she will not be poor after all.
Mei Yu Sheng's "I don't know how long he will be poor and how long he will be old" is because he is talented and stingy, so he can't be a big official. But "there is sorrow and anger inside", which makes his mind miserable to the extreme, and "seeing insects, fish, plants, birds and animals, and so on, is always strange", which means "it is excited by resentment", "this poor man's poem" and "it is difficult to write human feelings"-this is a good poem.
"The poorer you build, the more you do" is put forward according to Mei's example. Since Mei is not poor, the word "poor" can no longer be regarded as "poor". I think it is closer to Ouyang Xiu's original intention to understand the word "poverty" as "endless" and add a layer of "seeking roots".
It's easy to understand. For example, the Book of Changes says, "If you are poor, you will change, and if you change, you will pass, and the general rules will last for a long time."
Zong Baihua said in "Walking in Aesthetics": "Because of the poor study of physics and the pursuit of rationality, there is an academic realm." This is also true, but in any case, the word "poor" must not explain "poor".
There are three "poor" words mentioned above, and there are four in Ouyang Xiuwen's works. "Poets are poor when they are young" and "the poor in ancient times talk a lot". The understanding of these two words is the same as "spiritual poverty". Literary works emphasize the value of human nature, and only by going deep into life can we write good works, both in ancient and modern times.
"However, it is not poetry that can help the poor. People who are almost poor will have to work in the future." These two "poverty" are the fundamental solutions. In this way, the whole article will be connected and the meaning will be complete.
Most people who study poetry are full of emotion. Many people feel sorry for themselves when they say "poetry is poor and backward" because their living standards are limited now. Compared with Mei, they mistakenly think that poverty is a poet, which is a big mistake. We might as well change this sentence to "poetry is rich and then work." Similarly, the word "rich" can not be understood as money wealth, but as "learning to be rich with five cars"
Of course, it is impossible to achieve the goal of learning to be rich without a considerable economic foundation. How many people can study with peace of mind without RMB? But it doesn't mean that with money, with knowledge, you can write good poems, and with the process of learning, you will encounter problems and let people get to the bottom of it.
"Poetry is poor and then works" and "Poetry is rich and then works" are the same. References:? si=5？ si= 1 .
2. "The ancients said that poetry must be poor and then work." Reading the answer and translating "Ancient Poetry Original Text and Translation" Love to ask the ancients, poetry must be poor and then work.
If you are poor, you will feel more and learn more easily. If people are rich, they don't worry about poverty. What they say is only romantic, and the poem is well written. I can only travel if I think about it.
That is to say, if I borrow other people's poverty and sorrow in my poems after seeing the local customs, or during the war, or after the drought and flood, I won't have to wait for the poor to work. The ancients said, "A poet has to experience embarrassment before he can write beautiful poems."
This is because the embarrassing words are full of infinite feelings, and it is easy to express the true and touching feelings inside. People who grow up in wealth will neither worry about poverty nor lament it. All they talk about is the wind and the moon. How can they write a poem well? The only way to change is to travel.
There is nothing in your poems that you can't express. You can't see the local conditions and customs during your trip, or the devastation and people's livelihood after the war, or the tragic scene after the drought, flood, natural disasters and man-made disasters. Borrow the embarrassment and sadness of others and provide them with materials to sing and chant, so that you don't have to experience embarrassment and sadness to write beautiful poems.
3. Read the following classical Chinese and complete11.a2.b3.b4.d5.c6.b7.c8. (1). However, people at that time, whether smart or stupid, had to ask May Yu Sheng for advice when talking about poetry.
Although I know May Yu Sheng very well, I didn't recommend him in the end. (3) I have written an epitaph for him with tears, so I asked his family for it (the old draft).
(4) Why do you still regard it as a poor man's poem when you are old and frustrated? I like my job, but I don't know how long I have been poor. I am getting old, so I don't hesitate! 1, poor: sleepy 2, ① However, turning conjunctions; (2) Moreover, the coordinate conjunction (3) should be "Mei" (4), and (3) write how Mei is an official; ④ It is the characteristic of Mei Yu Sheng Wenfeng; 6. the author's evaluation 5. This is not the author's writing intention. 6. "Poverty" here mainly refers to political hardship, but according to the context, there is no limit. 7. This should reflect the achievements of Mei's poetry from the side, and the world is not amazed by Mei's poetic talent.
8. I have heard the world often say that the poet's career is not so prosperous and there are more difficulties. Is that really the case? Probably because most of the poems handed down in the world were written by ancient people in distress.
Most of the literati who hide their talents but can't fully display them in the world like to indulge in wild fun at the water's edge in Shan Ye. When they see insects, fish, vegetation, clouds, birds and animals, they often explore their strangeness and strangeness. There is a sense of depression in their hearts, and these emotions are transformed into poetry, that is, relying on resentment and irony, expressing the lament of the widow who pursues the minister and writing the feelings that people can't express. The harder you are, the more skilled you are at writing.
From this point of view, it is not writing poetry that makes people embarrassed, but writing good poetry after encountering trouble. My friend Mei, who became a junior official because of her shady job when she was young, was recommended to take the Jinshi exam many times, but she was always suppressed by the examiner's office and spent more than ten years in the local area.
I'm 50 years old, and I have to rely on others to send me a letter of appointment as a clerk. I am trapped in my talent and wisdom, and I can't fully display it in my career.
My hometown is Wanling, and I studied poetry as a child. Writing poems from an early age surprised the elders. When I grew up, I learned the knowledge of the six classics of benevolence and righteousness. The article is simple and pure, and I don't want to please the world. The world only knows that he can write poems.
However, at that time, whether people were smart or stupid, it was inevitable to ask Yu Sheng for advice when talking about poetry. Yu Sheng also likes to vent his frustration through poetry, so he usually writes many poems.
The society has known him, but no one recommended him to the court. Once upon a time, Wang once saw his poems and sighed, "There have been no such works for two hundred years!" " Although I know him well, I still didn't recommend him.
If he was lucky enough to be appointed by the imperial court, wouldn't it be magnificent to write works like Ya and Song in the Book of Songs to praise the great achievements of the Song Dynasty and dedicate them to the ancestral temple, so that he could be compared with the authors such as Shang Yang, Zhu Xi and Zhu Xi? It's a pity that he is too old to succeed, so he can only write poems of fallen people and express his poor and melancholy sigh in vain on worms and fish. Isn't it worth lamenting that society only loves the ingenuity in his poems, but doesn't know that he will die of old age after long suffering? Yu Sheng has many poems, but he doesn't arrange them by himself.
His nephew Xie Jingchu was worried about too many lost works, so he selected his works from Luoyang to Xing Wu and compiled them into ten volumes. I used to like Yu Sheng's poems, and I'm afraid I can't get all of them. I'm glad that Xie can sort them out, so I preface them and keep them.
Since then, 15 years have passed. Yu Sheng died of illness in the capital. I have written an epitaph for him in tears, so I asked his family to get more than 1000 manuscripts, plus 677 particularly good ones, divided into 15 volumes. Ah, I have commented a lot on Yu Sheng's poems, so I won't go into details.
Preface to Ouyang Xiu of Luling.
4. Does anyone know the full-text translation of "poetry is poor and backward"? I have heard people all over the world often say that poets have less pride of achievement and more pain. Is that really the case? Probably because most of the poems handed down in the world are the works of ancient suffering people. Most literati who are full of talents and ambitions but can't display them in this world like to indulge in mountains and rivers. Seeing insects, fish, vegetation, clouds, birds and animals, we often explore and study their strangeness; Their inner feelings of sadness, emotion and anger are all pinned on the works of resentment and satire, pouring out the lament of the courtiers and widows, and writing out the feelings that people can't express. Probably the harder a poet is, the better his poems are. In this way, it is not that writing poems can make people feel distressed, but that poets can only write good poems after they feel distressed.
My friend Mei, who became a junior official because of her shady job when she was young, was recommended to take the Jinshi exam many times, but she was always suppressed by the examiner's office and spent more than ten years in the local area. I'm 50 years old, and I have to rely on others to send me a letter of appointment as a clerk. I am trapped in my talent and wisdom, and I can't fully display it in my career. My hometown is Wanling, and I studied poetry as a child. Writing poems from an early age surprised the elders. When I grew up, I learned the knowledge of the six classics of benevolence and righteousness. The article is simple and pure, and I don't want to please the world. The world only knows that he can write poems. However, at that time, whether people were smart or stupid, it was inevitable to ask Yu Sheng for advice when talking about poetry. Yu Sheng also likes to vent his frustration through poetry, so he usually writes many poems. The society has known him, but no one recommended him to the court. Once upon a time, Wang once saw his poems and sighed, "There have been no such works for two hundred years!" " Although I know him well, I still didn't recommend him. If he was lucky enough to be appointed by the imperial court, wouldn't it be magnificent to write works like Ya and Song in the Book of Songs to praise the great achievements of the Song Dynasty and dedicate them to the ancestral temple, so that he could be compared with the authors such as Shang Yang, Zhu Xi and Zhu Xi? It's a pity that he is too old to succeed, so he can only write poems of fallen people and express his poor and melancholy sigh in vain on worms and fish. Isn't it worth lamenting that society only loves the ingenuity in his poems, but doesn't know that he will die of old age after long suffering?
Yu Sheng has many poems, but he doesn't arrange them by himself. His nephew Xie Jingchu was worried about too many lost works, so he selected his works from Luoyang to Xing Wu and compiled them into ten volumes. I used to like Yu Sheng's poems, and I'm afraid I can't get all of them. I'm glad that Xie can sort them out, so I preface them and keep them.
Since then, 15 years have passed. Yu Sheng died of illness in the capital. I have written an epitaph for him in tears, so I asked his family to get more than 1000 manuscripts, plus 677 particularly good ones, divided into 15 volumes. Ah, I have commented a lot on Yu Sheng's poems, so I won't go into details.
5. The translation of the ancient prose "Being Poor and Working Later", whether it is a poem or an article, without a long history of poverty, his works will never reach an extraordinary level. Qu Yuan was suffering, but Li Sao became a classic. Du Fu was poor and worried about his country and people, but his poems were brilliant in ancient and modern times. Han Yu once prayed for food to survive, but he broke the situation of "eight generations of decline in articles" and the cultivation of articles reached a superb level. Meng Jiao had the experience of land reclamation, and Jia Dao was extremely poor without rice. But their poems are clean and carefree, and their feelings are lofty, which is absolutely beyond the reach of ordinary people. This is not unreasonable.
Jiang, a Taoist priest in Baishi, saw his face at first sight and even worried that he could not bear the weight of his clothes. However, his pen is strong enough to carry a giant tripod of 10,000 kilograms. There is no place to stand at home, but there are diners at every meal. The knowledge hidden in the heart is infinite. His broad mind embodies the character and freedom of the literati in Jin and Song Dynasties. Whether it is rhyming or using words, we don't expect profound artistic conception, but it is naturally profound. Jing wong said, "God didn't defile Jiang Kui with wealth, but let his talent shine in eternity." Just in line with the previous discussion.
The reader's temporary poverty is not enough to worry about, but the lack of knowledge and understanding of truth is really worth worrying about!
6. The translation of the ancient prose "Poor and Backward", whether it is a poem or an article, without a long history of poverty, his works will never reach an extraordinary level.
Qu Yuan was suffering, but Li Sao became a classic. Du Fu was poor and worried about his country and people, but his poems were brilliant in ancient and modern times.
Han Yu once prayed for food to survive, but he broke the situation of "eight generations of decline in articles" and the cultivation of articles reached a superb level. Meng Jiao had the experience of land reclamation, and Jia Dao was extremely poor without rice. But their poems are clean and carefree, and their feelings are lofty, which is absolutely beyond the reach of ordinary people. This is not unreasonable.
Jiang, a Taoist priest in Baishi, saw his face at first sight and even worried that he could not bear the weight of his clothes. However, his pen is strong enough to carry a giant tripod of 10,000 kilograms.
There is no place to stand at home, but there are diners at every meal. The knowledge hidden in the heart is infinite.
His broad mind embodies the character and freedom of the literati in Jin and Song Dynasties. Whether it is rhyming or using words, we don't expect profound artistic conception, but it is naturally profound.
Jing wong said, "God didn't defile Jiang Kui with wealth, but let his talent shine in eternity." Just in line with the previous discussion.
Scholars' temporary poverty is not enough to worry about, but the lack of knowledge and understanding of truth are the real worries.
7. Thanks for the classical Chinese translation of "Poor and Backward Work"
Poets (always) write good poems after their official career is not smooth and they are at the end of the road.
Source Ouyang Xiu's Preface to Mei Poetry
original text
Preface to plum poems
Author: Ouyang Xiu
Being known to the world means that if there are few poets, they will be poor. How can you be a husband Most of the poets handed down from the world came from the words of the poor in ancient times. Those who have everything but can't give it to the world are always willing to put it outside the landscape, and often feel strange when they see insects, fish, vegetation, birds and animals. There is pent-up sorrow and anger, which starts with resentment, sighs by ministers and writes human feelings; The poorer you build, the more you do. However, it is not poetry that can help the poor. The poor will have to work in the future.
As a friend of Mei, I seldom take shade as a collector, and I am tired of learning, and I have been stuck in a county for more than ten years. At the age of 50, I began to write books and help others. I was depressed and unable to concentrate on my career. His home is in Wanling, and he is used to poetry. As a young man, his words surprised his elders. In the long run, I learned the theory of benevolence and righteousness of the Six Classics. It is an article, simple and pure, without appealing to the world. Only people in the world know his poems. However, when there is no virtuous fool, the poet must seek holiness; Yu Sheng is also happy to write poems because of his unsuccessful people; Therefore, his life's works, especially poems. It is well known to the world, but it has not been recommended to the above. Yesterday, Wang tasted it and sighed, "There has been no such thing for two hundred years!" Although I am well aware of this; I don't recommend it. Wouldn't it be great if it was used in the imperial court to praise the merits of the Great Song Dynasty and recommend the Qing Palace, while mourning the writers of Shang, Zhou and Zhou? Why does it make him old and frustrated, but it is a poor man's poem, just a sigh of the worm and fish? I like my job, but I don't know how long I have been poor. I am getting old, so I don't care.
Yu Sheng has many poems, so he didn't organize himself. His wife's brother and son Xie Jingchu are afraid of losing too much. He has brought ten volumes of what he has done since Luo Yang went to Xing Wu. Taste Yu Sheng's poems, but don't exhaust them; I like Xie's ability. I keep it in order.
In the following fifteen years, Yu Sheng died of illness in the capital. I cried to think of it, and because I lived in his house, I got more than 1000 manuscripts, of which 677 were collected in the old collection and made 15 volumes. Oh! I wrote detailed poems in Yu Sheng, so I am no longer a cloud.
(Selected from China's View of Ancient Literature)
translate
I've heard people in the world say that poets are less proud and much poorer. Is that really the case? Probably most of the poems handed down from ancient times are the works of ancient embarrassed poets. Most scholars who have all his knowledge and ambitions in their chests but can't display them in this world like to travel and live in seclusion. When they see things like insects, fish, vegetation, clouds, birds and animals, they often explore and describe their strange shapes. Their hearts are full of anxiety and indignation, with resentful and ironic thoughts, and they can pour out the lamentations of exiled ministers and widows, so they can write words that people can't express. The poorer a poet is, the more skillful his poems are. In this case, it is not poetry that makes people poor. It turned out that the poet was poor and then wrote a clever poem.
When my friend Mei was young, she became an official with the achievements of her ancestors, but she took the Jinshi exam many times and was suppressed by the examiner every time. She can only be a small official in counties, a total of more than ten years. He is almost 50 years old, and he still accepts the letter of appointment as someone else's guest. He is full of hidden skills and can't display it in his career. His home is in Wanling County, and he learned to write poetry when he was a child. Since childhood, his poems have amazed older people. When he grew up, he devoted himself to the study of the theory of benevolence and righteousness in the Six Classics. His articles are concise and antique, and he doesn't want to cater to the world's favor. People in the world only know his poems. However, people at that time, whether smart or stupid, would ask for advice when talking about writing poems; Yu Sheng himself likes to express his frustration in his poems; So he wrote the most poems in his life. Everyone in the world already knows him, but no one recommended him to the court. Wang Zeng saw it and sighed, "It hasn't been done in 200 years!" Although the maharaja knew him well, he didn't recommend him after all. Wouldn't it be a great undertaking to let him play a role in the imperial court, write poems such as Ya and Ode to the Song Dynasty, and dedicate him to the ancestral temple to catch up with Ode to Shang, Song of Zhou and Song of Lu in the Book of Songs? How to make him old and disheartened, but write some poor people's poems, just using things like worms and fish to express his wandering and melancholy sigh? Isn't it a pity that the world just likes his poetic skills, but doesn't know that he has been down and out for a long time and is about to die?
Yu Sheng wrote many poems and refused to arrange them by himself. His nephew Xie Jingchu was worried that his poems would be easily lost, so he compiled the poems he wrote during the period into ten volumes. I especially like Yu Sheng's poems, and I'm afraid I can't get all of them. Now I am happy to see that Xie Jingchu can sort him out, so I wrote this preface and treasured it.
Fifteen years later, Yu Sheng died of illness in Beijing. After crying, I wrote an epitaph for him, and took the opportunity to ask his family for his legacy, and got more than 1000 of his legacy and original collection. I chose the best 677 books and compiled them into fifteen volumes. Alas! I have already talked about Yu Sheng's poems in detail, so I won't say much here.