Chinese in the college entrance examination must recite an ancient poem: red wall fu
Chibifu
Su Shi
In autumn, on July 16th and 16th, Su Shi and his friends went boating in Chibi. The breeze blows gently and the water can't reach the surface. Raise a glass to propose a toast to one's companions, recite articles related to the moon, and sing praises to chapters. Not long after, the moon rose from Dongshan, hovering between the Big Dipper and the cow. Milky white fog across the river, clear water. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the boundless river. Vast as the wind in Feng Xu, I don't know where it ends; Floating like an independent world, feathering into a fairy.
At this time, he was very happy to drink, slapping the ship's rail with his hand and singing. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " Guests have oral sex and rely on songs to make peace. Its voice is full of resentment, longing, crying and complaining, and the lingering sound is endless. It can make the dragon dance in the deep valley and make the widow in the lonely boat cry.
Perilla was very sad and sat in danger and asked the guest, "What is it?" The guest said, "There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south." Isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east, the mountains and rivers are misty and gloomy. Isn't this because Meng Zhizhi was trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou and went down to Jiangling, downstream to the east. He was thousands of miles long, wearing a flag, drinking wine and singing poems across the river, and became a hero in the world. Now, where is he? My son and I are fishing on the river, making friends with fish, shrimp and elk, keeping a boat and keeping bottles for each other. It's a drop in the ocean to send a mayfly into the earth. Mourn a moment in my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River. Fly with the flying fairy, hold the bright moon, and grow up. Knowing that it is impossible to get it suddenly, I hate it. "
Perilla said, "Do you know my husband's water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; If you are full of emptiness, the dead will not ebb and flow. Gai must view it from its changers, then heaven and earth can't be in an instant; If you look at it from its unchangeable point of view, then things are infinite to me, so why envy them! Besides, between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, not mine, so I will take it for nothing. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are empty to the ear and beautiful when they meet. They are inexhaustible and inexhaustible treasures of the creator. My son and I are suitable. "
So the companion smiled happily, wiped the cup clean again and poured it again. All the vegetables and fruits have been eaten, leaving only the cups on the table in a mess. Sleeping on the boat, hugging each other, I know the horizon has turned white.
Collation of China's Red Cliff Fu
Brief introduction of the author
Su Shi (1036 ――11) was born in Dongpo, Meishan (now Sichuan Province). Northern Song Dynasty writers. Together with his father Su Xun and his brother Su Zhe, he is called Su San. Jia? He was a scholar for two years and was appreciated by Ouyang Xiu. Fengxiang House signed a sentence to enter the DPRK, served as a supervisor, and also sentenced the ancestral department of Shangshu. He was sentenced to Hangzhou because of his disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views. Later known as Mizhou and Xuzhou. Yuanfeng was falsely imprisoned and demoted to Huangzhou in two years because of Wutai poetry case. Zhe Zongyuan? For many years, the old party was in power and served as a bachelor of Hanlin and an intellectual. During Shao Sheng's reign, the New Party came to power and was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou. In the Yuan Dynasty (1 10 1), Su Shi returned to the north at the age of 66 and died soon. "in the text"
Su Shi, a poet, poet, calligrapher and painter, was a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty. Su Wenyang is arrogant, speaks casually and imagines strangely. His poems expose the disadvantages of the times, lament the people's livelihood, express their feelings, are fresh and vigorous, and make good use of metaphors to exaggerate. Su Ci broke through the barriers of men's and women's feelings and parting worries, and all subjects such as homesickness, nostalgia, traveling and reasoning could not be included in Su Ci, which opened up an unrestrained style of Ci. However, some of his literary works also exposed his conservative political views and negative attitude towards the dance academy. Author of Su Dongpo's anthology.
Stylistic knowledge
Fu: It is a style formed in the Han Dynasty, which is called "Han Fu" in history. Fu pays attention to diction, duality, rhythm and narration, and often adopts the form of subject-object question and answer, which has the characteristics of poetry and prose. Later, it developed in the direction of parallel prose, called parallel prose and regular prose, or further prose prose, called parallel prose and parallel prose. Wen Fu is also a combination of prose and verse, but prose is quite meaningful, especially in the Song Dynasty, which is unique in prose.
This article is an essay, an essay about travel.
background introduction
During the reign of Xining in Song Shenzong, Wang Anshi promoted the new law, but Su Shi was forced to leave Beijing and be released. 1079 In July, several censors belonging to the new party in the imperial court seized some poems satirizing the new law in Su Shi's poems and impeached him for fooling the imperial court and being arrogant. So Song Shenzong ordered Su Shi to be arrested and brought to justice. This is the Wutai Poetry Case in the Northern Song Dynasty. Later, Su Shi was spared the death penalty for saving his younger brother and many ministers. In February, 65438+, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, but he was appointed as the assistant envoy of Yong ying, and was called a court official. He is actually a prisoner, living a hard life and being monitored. Faced with such a huge blow, he was depressed and hard to get rid of, seeking relief from the old Buddha's thoughts and comfort from the natural landscape. 1082 July and 10/0 October, I visited Chibi, Huangzhou twice, and wrote two poems on Chibi to express my affection. In chronological order, they are pre-Chibi Fu and post-Chibi Fu.
This article is a companion piece of Hou Chibi Fu, both of which were written by the author when he relegated Huangzhou. In the language of poetry, the author describes the scenery, regrets history and thinks about life through the question and answer between subject and object and the metaphor of water and moon. It not only shows Su Shi's bold and broad-minded mind and interest, but also reflects his depressed and passive side by drowning his worries in wine. The narrative in this article is orderly, picturesque, lyrical and full of vigor, rational and interesting. The whole story is eloquent and unrestrained, which shows Su Shi's brilliance.
Content analysis of poetry
The external form of this article seems to be travel notes. Explain the time, place, person and reason from the beginning. The following is written all the way from traveling to enjoying the scenery, playing the flute, recalling the past, hurting the present, discussing, getting drunk and dawn, in complete chronological order, so from "the moon rises" to "the east turns white" (sunset). But careful study shows that there is an internal emotional thread besides the external clue of time. The author's article is not based on travel, but on lyrical discussion. Therefore, to analyze the hierarchical structure of this article, it is more important to grasp the changes of characters. The emotional change between subject and object in this paper has experienced the process of "joy-sadness-joy". The full text can also be divided into three layers.
A paragraph about boating on the river.
The description of the breeze, the bright moon and the river not only captures the distinctive features of the seasonal scenery, but also creates a quiet and tranquil realm, marking a sense of independence that is uncontested in the world, paving the way for the lyric discussion below. Become the main image that constitutes the whole artistic conception.
(2) The second and third paragraphs describe boating in the middle of the river, drinking and singing, and being sad because of the whimper of the flute.
1. "Drinking is very enjoyable" and singing (beauty refers to its ideal)
2. By playing songs, guests will listen to songs and make sounds.
Through metaphor, exaggeration, imagination and other techniques, he wrote Xiao Sheng's strong appeal and expressed his strong melancholy, thus expressing his inner sadness, and his emotional tone changed from joy to sadness.
3. The guest explains what Xiao Sheng is.
Express the author's distress and confusion about real life in the form of guest answers. Among them, Yu Qiao is above Zhu Jiang is a portrayal of the author's relegation life.
(3) Four paragraphs express happiness because of liberation.
4. Perilla retorted and comforted the guests. (Full text theme)
1) begins with "A guest knows his husband's hidden moon" and refutes the argument that the guest "looks up at the Yangtze River infinitely".
2) with the turning point of "harmony", refute the feeling of "holding the bright moon for a long time".
After some philosophical thinking, the writer finally found a way to get rid of depression, that is, to treat life with an open and detached attitude and seek spiritual comfort in the embrace of nature.
5. The guest was persuaded by Perilla to turn grief into joy.
"Washing the lamp is more considerate" and "Sleeping with each other" turned the happy mood into a concrete picture of life. (echoing the first paragraph, but the joy at this time is already a higher level of pleasure after understanding the meaning of life. )
Poetry theme
The article reflects the author's thought process from pretending to be open to depression, and from depression to freedom, and shows his positive and optimistic attitude towards life that he still loves life in adversity.
Understanding of key points and difficulties
1. Understanding the dialogue between subject and object in the text essentially reflects two opposing aspects of the author's ideological contradiction.
This paper inherits and develops Fu's traditional techniques of expression: dialogue between subject and object, suppression of objects and exhibition of objects. The dialogue between subject and object in this paper actually represents the contradictory struggle between two different aspects of the author's thought. The author vented his political frustration through the guest, and expressed his optimistic and broad-minded feelings through the Lord. The Lord finally persuaded the guests, which showed that the positive side of his thoughts overcame the negative side, thus affirming the positive and optimistic outlook on life.
2. Specifically explain from which angles the author describes Xiao's voice and what rhetorical devices he uses.
Describe it from three angles:
First, directly describe the desolation and sadness of the flute;
The second is to describe the lingering sound of the flute;
The third is to describe Xiao Sheng's touching power.
The author uses figurative rhetoric when describing the sound of Xiao, and uses slender silk thread to describe the lingering sound of Xiao.
Artistic feature
1, scene, emotion and reason are integrated.
Although the article begins with a journey, it focuses on expressing life feelings and debating the meaning of life, so it is very lyrical and philosophical. The author adopts the ingenious technique of taking emotion as the scene and using things as metaphor to make the scene, emotion and reason unified.
In the first paragraph, feelings are based on the scene, but in the article, things are used to describe the reasons (water, moon and wind), that is, this scene is used as the image and bedding for later discussion and reasoning. In the second paragraph, China's Hakka argument holds water by "admiring the infinity of the Yangtze River", the moon by "holding the bright moon for a long time" and the wind by "holding the legacy and echoing it to hate Taiwan", and its connotation is expressed by concrete natural phenomena. In the third paragraph, Perilla's refutation is also based on water and the moon, which explains the truth that things change and remain unchanged in a simple way. Throughout the whole article, the discussion endows the scenery with implicit philosophy, the description of the scenery makes the philosophy present a vivid image, and lyricism becomes the internal context of the article.
2, the use of dialogue skills, subject and object questions and answers, restrain guests, extend the theme.
This paper inherits the common formal norms of ci and fu, that is, the question and answer between subject and object, restraining the object and extending the subject. In fact, the object of the article is a fictional character created by the author to start a debate. Both subject and object represent the two opposites of the author's thought. Finally, the subject convinces the object, which shows that the positive side of the author's complex outlook on life has overcome the negative side.
3. Parallel prose and prose are used alternately, and the whole is scattered and patchwork, as natural as running water.
The full text is mainly scattered sentences, interspersed with some seemingly right and wrong even sentences. Such as: "The moon rises in Dongshan, lingering in the bullfight room", "Like the wind of Feng Xu, it is like a sea of smoke, and I don't know where it ends; Just like leaving the world to be independent and becoming immortal, there is a feeling that lasts forever. Some sentences seem to be scattered and solid, such as "the deceased is like this, but it has never happened;" "If you are full of emptiness, the dead will also rise and fall;" Some sentences seem to be whole and scattered, such as "pillow in the boat, I don't know the oriental white."
A summary of knowledge points in Chinese "Chibi Fu"
First, function words
1. and
(1) is as vast as the wind in Feng Xu, and I don't know where it ends (conjunction, table turning point)
(2) Making peace by songs (conjunctions and table decoration)
(3) Sit-in and ask the guests (conjunction, table to undertake)
(4) Elk (conjunction, table tied)
(5) The deceased died like this, but never went (conjunction, table turning point)
(6) If the person is full, he will not rise or fall (conjunction, table turning point)
(7) Observe as it is (conjunctions, table modification)
2. Wisdom
(1) The moon rises above the East Mountain.
(2) Ling's vacant position (auxiliary word, post-attributive sign)
(3) mourn my life for a while (auxiliary word, Germany)
(4) Gai will look at (pronoun, it) from his own perspective.
(5) If it is not the person (auxiliary word, sentence independence is abolished between subject and predicate)
(6) What you hear is sound (pronoun, it)
(7) Can't help but be inexhaustible (pronoun, they)
(8) The place where my son and I live * * * (auxiliary, abolishing sentence independence between subject and predicate)
3. at
(1) perilla and the guests are boating under the red cliff (preposition, in)
(2) The moon rises above the East Mountain (preposition, from)
(3) Wandering between bullfights (preposition, in)
(4) So I enjoy drinking (preposition, in)
This is not because Meng De is trapped in Zhou Lang.
(6) Yuqiao is above Zhu Jiang (preposition, in)
(7) Send ephemera to heaven and earth (preposition, in)
(8) Entrustment reverberates in Taiwan (preposition, in)
4. Hu (hanyu pinyin)
(1) as vast as Feng Xu's imperial wind (adjective suffix)
(2) It seems that you are as independent as ever (adjective suffix)
③ Melancholy (adjective suffix)
This is not because Meng De is trapped in Zhou Lang.
(5) What do you envy (modal particles, expressing doubt)
(6) Take a boat with each other (preposition, in)
Second, notional words
1. Common word
(1) is as vast as Feng Xu, facing the wind (passing by, taking).
(2) Mountains and rivers are mixed (dazzling, surrounded)
(3) Raising wine is a guest (calling people to drink)
(4) Respect each other (make people drink)
2. Different meanings of ancient and modern times
(1) Wandering between bullfights
Ancient meaning: Dou Su and Niu Su are the names of stars.
(2) Bailu River
Ancient meaning: white water vapor
(3) Ling Wanqing was at a loss
Ancient meaning: distant appearance.
(4) look forward to the beauty and the sky.
Ancient meaning: refers to the person he worships. The ancients often regarded it as a symbol of saints or beautiful ideals.
(5) Make peace by songs
Ancient meaning: follow, follow.
3. Polysemy
(1) East A flows downstream to the east (verb, heading east)
B looking east at Wuchang (noun adverbial, east)
(2) Looking forward to July (noun, the fifteenth day of the first lunar month)
B Look at the beauty and hope of the sky (verb, look out, see far away)
(3) The next party will break Jingzhou and the next party will break Jiangling (verb, seize)
Perilla and guests are boating under the red cliff (noun, the same below)
(4) such as longitudinal reeds (verb, to)
Resentment is like longing (adverb, image)
(5) Song A (verb, singing)
Song Yue (noun lyrics)
Lean on the song and summarize it (noun tune)
(6) Long Jia holds the bright moon, and the dragon (forever) ends.
B and the rise and fall of death are also increasing.
4. Flexible use of parts of speech
(1) looks at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east.
(2) Xiajiangling (nouns as verbs to capture)
(3) Go east with the current (nouns as verbs go east)
(4) Valley dance (dance with verbs)
(5) The widow who was crying alone in the boat (the causative usage of the verb made her cry)
(6) Wait and see (adjectives as verbs)
(7) There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south.
My son and I were fishing by the river.
(9) Elk's friends are fish and shrimp.
(10) I wonder if the east is white (adjectives as verbs mean white)
Fourth, classical Chinese sentence patterns
1. Judgment
It is the creator's endless concealment (modal particles also indicate judgment)
2. Postposition of prepositional structure
Perilla and the guests are boating under the red cliff. My son and I were fishing in Zhu Jiang, and the moon was on the East Mountain, wandering between bullfights and sleeping on the boat.
3. Attributive postposition
Ling Wanqing was at a loss.
The guest had oral sex.
4 Predicate preposition
My love is far away
5. Passive sentences
Isn't this Meng Zhizhi trapped in Zhou Lang?
6. Preposition object
What is this?
What do you envy?
Are you safe now?