"Quatrain" is the name of the poem, but it does not directly indicate the content of the poem. This form is convenient for writing about a scene or object and expressing a moment's feelings. The poet accidentally saw something that triggered his inner passion, and he wrote down his feelings at will. Without formulating a topic for a while, he used the metrical "quatrains" of the poem as the title. Du Fu wrote a group of poems in this form, consisting of four poems, with "quatrains" as the general title. "Quatrain: Two Orioles Singing the Green Willows" is one of them. This poem is a beautiful landscape painting he took from the window of his home, expressing his broad mind and leisurely and joyful mood.
Appreciation:
Du Fu’s poems have long been praised for their melancholy and melancholy, and the latter’s emphasis on the diverse artistic techniques of his poetry creation and the development of poetic artistic conception are particularly emphasized by the latter. There are countless poets like Du Fu, and the influence of the "poet sage" continues to this day. Du Fu's poems, in addition to being true to his concerns about the experiences and changes of human society, also include many of them expressing his own feelings by describing scenes to create interrelationships between scenes. The "quatrains" that we are going to appreciate now belong to this example.
Du Fu had the ambition throughout his life to "serve the emperors Yao and Shun, and then make customs pure". However, due to the power of Li Linfu and other powerful traitors in the dynasty, coupled with the incident of being a house official, his official career was difficult to achieve, and he would never be able to move forward. After leaving Chang'an and the court, he always cared about people's livelihood and the court after wandering around, but he also suffered from the long-term pain of being idle and full of melancholy. In the second year of Qianyuan, Du Fu arrived in Chengdu and built a thatched cottage the following year, which stabilized his wandering life. In the second year of Wende's reign, Du Fu's old friend Yan Wu recommended Du Fu to the imperial court as a member of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce of Jiedu. This quatrain was written during this period.
The poem begins with a vibrant natural beauty, which seems to create a fresh and relaxed atmosphere. In these two sentences, the poet describes the beautiful scenery in detail from different angles. Emerald is fresh green, the color when everything comes to life and comes to life in early spring. Pronounced as "ming", the oriole's cry seems to give people a light, crisp and pleasant feeling. In early spring, on the willow branches where the tender buds are beginning to sprout, pairs of orioles are singing joyfully. What a festive atmosphere! The orioles sit on the willows and sing, which is a sign of vitality in silence. The next sentence uses a more obvious momentum to describe the vitality of nature: the sky is clear and blue, and the egrets are flying in this fresh sky, This is not only a kind of free and comfortable comfort, but also a kind of upward striving, which is the magic of the word "up". In these two sentences, "yellow" is used to line "emerald", and "white" is used to line "green". The bright colors bring out the vitality of early spring. The two sentences also mention the cry of oriole, depicting this vibrant and colorful image of early spring from the visual and auditory perspectives respectively, and this vivid and colorful technique adds to the vitality. . Furthermore, the first sentence describes the orioles sitting on the willows and singing, and the previous sentence describes the egrets flying into the sky. The space in front of it is much wider. From bottom to top, from near to far, the poet can see everything. The sense of vitality fills the entire environment, which shows the vitality of early spring from another angle.
The third sentence, "The window contains the snow of Qianqiu of the West Mountains", one said that you can see the snow ridges of the West Mountains through the window because the air is clear in early spring and the sky is beautiful. But I think this is not satisfactory. Can it be better understood this way: The last two sentences have already pointed out that it was early spring, and the autumn snow in winter was probably about to melt, which gave people a feeling of moisture. The word "window" in this sentence is related to The word "snow" between "snow" makes people think that when the snow first melts, the moisture moistens the window lattice that has been frozen in winter, as if it moistens the feelings. This can't be more suitable for writing about that kind of moisture. The feeling of vitality in early spring? "Xiling" can be understood as the poet seeing the first melting ice and snow in front of the window and thinking of the Xiling near the draft hall, thinking of the long-lasting snow on the Xiling Mountain, and then replacing what he saw on the window with the eternal snow on the Xiling. Snow. But why does the poet use this "Qianqiu Snow" to replace the remaining snow on the window from last year? The poet's use, which has been lost for many years, makes the artistic conception expressed broader. I have briefly described the situation in which Du Fu wrote this poem above. At that time, Du Fu had been away from the court for many years, and suddenly he had the opportunity to be effective.
This is the poet's way of blending things into each other when he observes things and expresses his feelings. In addition, the youthful ambition of "to the kings, Yao and Shun, and then to make the customs pure" has finally been revived after decades of obstacles. By chance, many years of war have been calmed down. This is exactly related to the fact that the poet thought of Xiling when he saw the melting snow in front of the window, and replaced the remaining snow on the window with the thousand-year snow on the ridge, thus giving people the feeling of the stubborn snow melting. But at the same time, the feeling that this stubborn snow can be melted also shows a kind of difficulty from another perspective. It is not a day's work to freeze three feet of ice, let alone melting this thousand-year-old autumn snow? So, within that faint hope was a deeper worry. Therefore, I think this sentence is not just a description of the snow in front of the window, it has a deeper meaning, and this kind of observation of the scenery is actually implicit in one or two sentences. "Two" and "one line", the numbers are clear and distinct. Observe carefully, not because of the relaxation and happiness in the heart, but to relieve the long-suffering depression and boredom in the heart. This is similar to the observation of the scenery in "The drizzle fishes come out, and the gentle breeze slants the swallows" and in "Qujiang", "Through the flowers, the butterflies can be seen deeply, and the dragonflies fly in the water." , with the fresh and free scene and the boredom in my heart.
The last sentence further describes Du Fu's complicated mood at that time. When it is said that the ship comes from "Soochow", this sentence means that the war has been calmed down, transportation has been restored, and the poet feels emotional after seeing things and misses his hometown.
This explanation also seems inadequate. The word "Bo" actually has a profound meaning. The meaning of mo is "to stay but not to open", which is exactly what Du Fu used. Du Fu spent many years wandering without a trace. Although he still had a little hope in his heart, it had been greatly dissipated after all. He had confidence in his ambitions. He himself should have known that his ideal of "serving the kings, Yao and Shun, and then making the customs pure" was difficult to realize at that time. Moreover, before Yan Wu recommended him to the court, he had just become a young Yin Xu of Chengdu. After experiencing a life of exile in Zizhou and Langzhou due to the rebellion, Du Fu could not even live in a remote thatched cottage. You can tell how Du Fu was feeling at that time. With such a strong and uncertain mood, he was also so helpless and helpless. And the life experience of having hope for the imperial court but feeling that there is little hope, whether Du Fu's recommendation to Yan Wu is successful, and whether he can really show his ambition after success, it is really not very hopeful, "Bo", It just describes this complicated mood between hope and disappointment. "Wanli" implies the difficulty of achieving the goal. This is combined with the word "qianqiu" in the three sentences, one in terms of time and the other in terms of space, to express the difficulty of achieving the goal to show that there is little hope. This one. Secondly, this Soochow ship moored in front of the door did not come from Soochow, but went to Soochow. Soochow is the symbol of Du Fu's hope. What's the reason for not speaking directly about Chang'an but about Soochow? First, as mentioned above, the distance between Chengdu and Soochow and the difficulty of the path suggest that it is not easy for the poet to develop his ambition; secondly, Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms was good at appointing talented people, allied with Shu and Han in the west, and resisted Cao and Wei in the north, which divided the world into three parts. Since ancient times, Many scholars praised him as the master of the Ming Dynasty. He borrowed Sun Zhongmou from the Eastern Wu Dynasty to hint at Du Fu's hope for the emperor of the current dynasty. And combining "bo", "wanli", and "soochow ship" into one sentence exactly expresses the word "difficulty". And ending with this emotion can lead people to savor the aftertaste of the brisk spring scenery.
This quatrain contains one scene and one sentence, but they are integrated into one. What connects them is the poet's inner mood. On the surface, it seems to be a lively, cheerful and bright scene, but it contains the poet's sense of loss about the passage of time, loneliness and boredom. It also describes the poet's complex mood when there is a glimmer of hope. In addition, it is more about the poet's sentimentality about disappointment, and his uncertainty and hesitation about whether his hope can come true. It is the poet's idea to express such complex feelings in his heart with a fresh and light scene.