Tao Yuanming (365 ~ 427) was a poet, lyricist and essayist in Jin and Song Dynasties. A latent and vivid figure, a private and quiet festival. Xunyang Chaisang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi) was born. Tao poetry followed the simple style of Wei and Jin poetry and entered a more refined situation, like a milestone, marking the height that simple songs and poems can reach. Tao Yuanming is also a pioneer of innovation. He successfully promoted "nature" to the realm of beauty; Transforming Hyunri in the interpretation of metaphysical poems into philosophy in daily life; It combines poetry with daily life and creates a new theme of pastoral poetry.
The story of Taohuayuan is similar to other fairyland stories, describing a beautiful fairyland. However, it should be emphasized that the ideal model provided by Tao Yuanming has its particularity: in fact, ordinary people, a group of asylum seekers, rather than immortals, live there, but they retain some natural innocence more than the world; Their peace, tranquility and happiness are all obtained through their own labor. Many ancient fairy tales are about immortality and treasure. There is neither immortality nor treasure in the Peach Blossom Garden, only a scene of farming. At the beginning of his retirement, Tao Yuanming only thought about his personal advance and retreat. When he wrote Peach Blossom Spring, he was not limited to individuals, but thought about the way out of the whole society and the happiness of the broad masses of people. This step of Tao Yuanming is related to years of hardships and poor life experiences. Although the Peach Blossom Garden is just a fantasy, it is very valuable to put forward this fantasy.
At the beginning of the article, the beautiful and quiet peach blossom forest, with "lush grass and blooming flowers", foreshadows a simple and natural world. Everything is so simple and beautiful there. No taxes, no war, no fame, no conspiracy. I can't even hear a little noise. The relationship between people is so peaceful and sincere. The author did not say the reason for all this, but from the sentence "I don't know why there are Han people, regardless of Wei and Jin dynasties", the news has been vaguely revealed: in the final analysis, it is because no ruling group stands above the people and attacks each other for self-interest. This imaginary world of Taoyuan is undoubtedly fascinating to people who live in the real world of hypocrisy, darkness, frequent wars and constant bloodshed. The author's simple brushwork appropriately expresses the breath of the Peach Blossom Garden, which makes the article more appealing. Of course, this ideal state did not exist in the reality at that time, but the author's dissatisfaction with the dark reality was a spiritual sustenance.
The structure of the article is also quite ingenious. The author borrows the novel style and unfolds the story with a fisherman's experience as a clue. The account at the beginning, the time and the fisherman's native place are all written with confidence, as if they were true. This shortens the psychological distance between readers and works, and introduces readers from the real world to the dreamland of peach blossoms. On the contrary, if the beginning is "part of the intangible world", readers will feel far away and the appeal of the work will be greatly reduced. The Absence of Human Nature of Outsiders and the fisherman's return and lost direction to what he wants have brought readers back to the real world from this hazy and wandering world, and their hearts are still full of attachment to it. At the end of the article, the rules of Nanyang Liu Ziji failed, which made the whole article more interesting.
Tao Yuanming's The Peach Blossom Spring in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is a preface to the Peach Blossom Spring Poetry, but it has long been regarded as an exquisite prose. The story of Peach Blossom Garden is realistic. It has the time and place of the story, the occurrence, development and ending of the story, the clear identity of the protagonist fisherman and the objective account of Liu Ziji's reasonable reaction. The natural environment and social life of the Peach Blossom Garden artistically reflect the various features of the real society and inspire people to think seriously about society and life. Peach Blossom Garden is also a positive romanticism, and its true story is painted with a layer of mysterious and illusory color, which is also true and illusory, confusing and inspiring people to pursue a free and happy life. With the combination of realism and positive romanticism, the author carefully depicts a picture of life in an ideal society, which is wonderful, magical and intoxicating.
The author set out to explain the time (Jintai), place (Wuling) and protagonist (fisherman) of the story, with the intention of showing the truth of the story, and suggesting that readers "love is born of love, and love is born of environment" (Qing? 6? 1 Youtong's Xitang Miscellanies, three episodes and three volumes of Cangwu Preface), we should not forget the objective reality when writing. Fishermen live by fishing. They have been in Dai Yuefei for a long time, and the wind is coming and the rain is coming. The shapes of the mountains and rivers around them will be clear to them. But this time, "wandering around the stream and forgetting the distance of the road" seems incomprehensible, but it actually reflects the reality and implies the illusion of the story. Perhaps it is because there are many fat fish in this stream, and the opportunity is hard to come again, and the fisherman refuses to give up; Perhaps it is because the fisherman found nothing. If he returned empty-handed, it would be difficult to make friends with hungry children and women at home, so he would not give up and still cast his net all the way. The fisherman's hard life and poor family circumstances can be imagined here. It is not only "forgetting the distance of the road", but also the sudden entry of fishing boats into the peach blossom forest. The word "encounter" not only describes the fisherman's concentration in casting nets, but also makes the peach blossom forest illusory and mysterious. Looking up at the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, the fishermen can't help but marvel at the all-in-one peach forest and revel in the gorgeous environment of "lush grass and colorful trees". The fisherman's "very different" and "wanting to be poor in the forest" are of course very different in the fragrance and color of the peach forest here, so why can't he convey the fisherman's sigh that "this scene should only exist in the sky, but it is rare on earth", and then reflect the real environment.
The depth of the passage connected with the outside world makes the Peach Blossom Garden more mysterious. The unknown unknown cave flashed flickering light, and after barely passing through a person's small cave for dozens of steps, another cave appeared. It was amazing! The author deliberately depicts the Peach Blossom Garden as mysterious and romantic, which obviously implies that the Peach Blossom Garden is an ideal realm, not an objective reality society. When the fisherman got into the cave, he found that "the land is flat and spacious, and the houses are like this", among which fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry and bamboo are appropriately dotted, which is a beautiful pastoral scenery! This quiet and beautiful picture has the sound of "chickens and dogs hear each other", which is touching. What's more, men and women who "dress like strangers" leisurely "work together", the old people sit quietly in the sun against the wall to close their eyes, and sometimes they leisurely pull their families, and the children sit and laugh or chase and play in groups. This is a happy and peaceful life! Seeing this, the fisherman couldn't help but think of and touch the dark reality of rampant aristocratic forces, continuous wars, and people smearing charcoal. He couldn't help admiring it and thought for a long time: it's a dream to come to such a beautiful and peaceful place. As A Qing Liu Xizai said, "pen and ink are based on human nature." ("Art?" 6? 1 Abstract) This fascinating picture of life reflects the ugly situation of reality and fully conveys the author's desire for equality, labor freedom and a happy life after resolutely returning to farming.
Before the fisherman who was surprised by the scenery in front of him came to his senses, the Taohuayuan people found him as an uninvited guest. At first, Taohuayuan people were "frightened and asked for advice", and later they were warmly invited to "kill chickens with wine". "I've heard of this man" arrived, and the villagers were beaming, running around, telling each other, and flocking to inquire about the news. After listening to the fisherman's introduction, Taoyuan people can't help sighing. What are you sighing about? Why are you so sorry? Since the Qin dynasty, they have been surprised by the frequent dynasty changes outside. After "escaping the chaos of the Qin Dynasty", "coming to this desperate situation" and "being isolated from outsiders", how many great events, small events, wonders and strange things happened in the outside world were unheard of, which made them lament. What Taoyuan people reveal here is not only the happiness of avoiding troubled times and frequent wars, but also the deep sympathy for the people suffering from war and class oppression and exploitation outside. Thankfully or sympathetically, Taoyuan people still regard fishermen as guests and friends, and "the rest are extended to their homes, and they all have wine and food", which is very attentive and thoughtful; Taoyuan people still love their equal labor, peace, freedom and sincere warm society. They especially told fishermen not to treat others, and no one wanted to ruin their peaceful life because of the arrival of fishermen. How beautiful such a simple folk custom should be, which is exactly what the author eagerly yearns for and pursues, and the ugly reality of cunning and danger and disparity between the rich and the poor is incompatible with it. The author naturally integrates profound realistic content into the description of the beautiful life of Taohuayuan.
For this fisherman, the life in the Peach Blossom Garden was just like the happy and carefree life of the immortals in heaven. Therefore, Taoyuan people's advice to him has long been forgotten by him. In order to return to Taoyuan, he made up his mind everywhere on his way home. Not only the fishermen, but also the prefect of Tang Dynasty "sent people to follow" when he heard about the fisherman's experience. Liu Ziji, a noble, "heard" and "gladly followed the rules". They are also sentimental about the Peach Blossom Garden. They yearn for the Peach Blossom Garden and can't wait to find it. It goes without saying that the degree of disappointment and exclusion in the real society is obvious here. Unfortunately, the result is "lost, never get the way" and "nobody will take care of it in the future". The story came to an abrupt end, leaving readers with a deep aftertaste.
Tao Yuanming's description of Peach Blossom Garden is so magical, beautiful and confusing that it deeply infects readers' emotions and strongly shocks their hearts. The key lies in "profound feelings and beautiful scenery." (Qing? 6? 1 Fang Shudong's "Zhao Wei Zhan Yan") It combines all the author's life experiences, all his thoughts and feelings, and writes his strong dissatisfaction with the dark and ugly reality, his deep indignation at his ambition to help the world, his sincere praise for honest work, peaceful and happy life, and his warm yearning for a "simple and true" beautiful society. He painted the mysterious place of Taolin, the wonders of Taolin, the magical environment of Taoyuan, the beautiful folk customs of Taoyuan and the irretrievable anecdotes, which left a deep and vivid impression and made people intoxicated. As Zhong Rong commented, "the style of writing is clean and there are almost no long speeches." The meaning is really old, and the words are very nice, very nice. Every time I look at its words, I think of its human virtue. "(Poetry) Tao Yuanming's unpretentious writing is full of intoxication and joy, which truly depicts a beautiful picture with rich social life content, which is really appreciated.