1. Pay attention to the topic.
Some topics in ancient poetry concentrated and implicitly summarized the content and theme of the article. Seriously analyze the topic, and sometimes you can quickly grasp the content of writing.
For example, in Du Fu's Wang Yue, there is not a word "Wang Yue" in the whole poem, and every sentence is written about Wang Yue. From far to near, from morning till night, Wang Yue is associated with climbing Yue in the future. "once you climb to the top of the mountain and peek, you will see that other mountains are short under the sky ..." is just the author's imagination.
2. Pay attention to the background information.
Background information includes times, human geography, author's thoughts and life experiences. To serve the successful completion of teaching tasks. As a teacher, we must know something about these background materials, and make appropriate choices according to the learning situation and teaching requirements on the basis of comprehensive understanding, so as to use them reasonably in teaching and play a role in assisting teaching.
3. Taste keywords.
The key words in ancient poetry can best reflect the rich connotation of ancient poetry. Taste slowly, and the charm of poetry will suddenly become clear.
For example, the word "victory" in Liu Yuxi's autumn poems "I say autumn is better than spring dynasty" denies the ancient concept of mourning for autumn and shows a radical and upward thought and feeling.
4. Experience the imagery and artistic conception in poetry.
Image is an objective image used to entrust the poet's subjective feelings. Artistic conception is an intriguing artistic realm formed by the organic combination of the poet's subjective thoughts and feelings and the life picture depicted in the poem.
To understand the artistic conception in an ancient poem, we must at least understand the following questions: ① What scenery images (that is, images) are written in the poem. (2) What associations do these landscape images cause to the author? What thoughts and feelings did the author express? For example, Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" wrote nine images of "dead vines, old trees, ravens, bridges, flowing water, people, ancient roads, westerly winds and thin horses", which formed a picture of a journey to the end of the world and wrote the sad mood of a lonely traveler who had left his hometown and traveled long distances.
Common poetic images and their meanings: moon-homesickness, water, autumn-melancholy, lotus-love, wine, willow, pavilion-farewell, orchid-gentleman, chrysanthemum-hermit, plum blossom and cicada-noble. Common aesthetic habits: "looking at the moon and thinking about a distance", "hurting spring and mourning autumn", "thinking about time flies when seeing running water" and "worrying about the rain in the phoenix tree" and so on.
5. Understand the meaning.
Ancient poetry attracts readers in a subtle and euphemistic way, and we must deeply understand the content and artistic conception of poetry through literal meaning.
For example, Zhao Shixiu's The Guest. "It rains at home in Huangmei season, and frogs are everywhere in the pond in early spring. If you don't come at midnight, knock off the chess pieces and die. " Plum rains are continuous, which is often used in classical poetry to compare and contrast endless "leisure worries". The first two sentences of "Guest" describe the rainy scene of the rainy night in the south of the Yangtze River, just to contrast the "leisure feelings" mentioned below and render the atmosphere without showing any traces. The close-up of Knocking on Chess reveals the loneliness and boredom of waiting for guests unexpectedly. A "knock" and a "fall" implicitly express the long time and longing, and vividly reveal the long time waiting for guests and the disappointment of those who wait for them.
Second, understand the common expression techniques of ancient poetry.
1. Direct Lyrics: The author directly describes his strong inner feelings in his poems, so that the strong emotional torrent can be poured out directly.
For example, in Zhang Zai's "Tongguan Nostalgia", "Xing, the people suffer; When you die, the people suffer. " The author directly expressed his hatred for the rulers' continuous campaigns or large-scale construction, ignoring the sufferings of the people.
2. Lyric by borrowing scenery: express the author's feelings through the description of real scenes.
For example, Li Bai's "Yellow Crane Tower Farewell to Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou", the last two sentences "The lonely sail is far away and the blue sky is exhausted, but the Yangtze River flows in the sky." The poet skillfully used the deep feeling of farewell to describe the natural scenery dynamically, which really made it memorable.
3. Entrust ambition with things: express your ambition and will through the description and narration of things.
Such as Lu You's "Bu Operator? Yongmei, "Scattered into mud, ground into dust, but the fragrance remains unchanged", the poet wrote plum blossoms in order to express his ambition and lofty sentiments.
4. Allusions: also known as pragmatics, refer to a rhetorical way of quoting words from historical stories or ancient books to understand one's own views.
For example, Liu Yuxi's ode to the smell of the flute in the first meeting of Yangzhou points to Xiu's ode to thinking of the old. The author used this allusion to express his nostalgia for his old friend who was killed because of his participation in the political reform. The allusion to "rotten but lovely" in The Return of the Native looks like rotten but lovely can be found in New Stories. The author used this allusion to describe his long-term exile. When he first returned to China, he seemed to feel isolated from the world.
Third, summarize the theme of ancient poetry and the style characteristics of the author's works.
Different themes of ancient poetry express different thoughts and feelings, and there are also differences in expression techniques and lyric ways. The common themes and writers' writing styles of ancient poetry in junior middle schools are:
1. Farewell poem: It mainly expresses feelings of parting without hating, or encourages, or expresses deep affection and friendship, or expresses sorrow of parting. Li Bai's farewell poems, in particular, give people a thrilling aesthetic enjoyment, without the usual sadness and sadness in farewell poems.
2. Frontier poetry: This is a kind of poetry with the basic content of describing the frontier scenery and reflecting the life of frontier soldiers. Most of them reflect the cold border, lonely life, missing relatives in hometown, yearning for national peace and patriotic feelings of serving and contributing to the motherland. For example, Fan Zhongyan's "Fisherman's Passion" ("Qiu Lai Scenery") shows more resentment and depression in serving the country and hopeless sadness in returning home.
3. Patriotic poems: expressing strong patriotic feelings; Or deep sympathy for the working people, anxiety and dissatisfaction with the rulers. Such as Lu You, Du Fu (depressed and frustrated) and Wen Tianxiang (impassioned and desperate)
4. Love poems: mainly describe the love and love life of men and women, or express the feelings of parting and lovesickness. Such as Concurrence, Altair All the Way, Untitled (Li Shangyin, long before I met her, but longer than we broke up).
5. Philosophical Poetry: It is a kind of poetry that expresses or expounds a certain philosophy through the description and discussion of specific things. For example, Su Shi's Title of Xilin Wall, Zhu's Reading Experience and so on.
6. Poetry. This is a poem that expresses thoughts and feelings by praising natural or social things. Commonly used techniques are symbols, symbols and analogies. Such as Du Fu's "Returning Wild Goose" and Lu You's "Operator? Yongmei and Yu Qian's Lime Poems, etc. , are masterpieces that express a person's mind through natural things.
7. Pastoral poetry: writing about rural life, revealing seclusion and expressing a leisurely attitude. Such as Tao Yuanming's Return to the Garden.
In addition, we should also pay attention to cultivating students to accumulate some common terms about the language style of ancient poetry appreciation and the artistic image category in poetry. Pay attention to cultivating students' habit of reading, thinking and accumulating beautiful ancient poems and famous sentences; Pay attention to cultivate the habit of comparing poems of the same type, and gradually improve students' ability to appreciate ancient poems.