Using contrasting techniques and allusions in the last couplet, it expresses the poet's unique feelings about the rise and fall of history: for thousands of years, there have been rises and falls, and people can't do anything about it, so just ignore it and let everything go. Wine glass, to avoid unnecessary sadness. The last couplet appears to be a sigh of nostalgia for the past, but it actually conveys the poet's helplessness and implies the inevitable rise and fall of historical dynasties.
The first two couplets adopt a reverse approach in content arrangement: first, they trace the longing for the history of the previous dynasty, and then add the immediate events that caused this longing. This highlights the fall of the Chen Dynasty, a turning point in the rise and fall of Jinling, and the historical lessons it contains. The last two couplets use discussion and emotion to draw on the past and satirize the present, revealing the theme of the whole poem.
Appreciation
The melancholy style of this poem is completely different from the enterprising atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Not long after the founding of the Song Dynasty, the chronic disease of poverty and weakness gradually developed. Wang Anshi's reforms aimed at easing the crisis partially achieved the goal of "riching the country", but had little effect on "strengthening the army". In the fourth and fifth years of Yuanfeng (1081---1082), they fought two wars with Xixia, both of which failed miserably.
In the second "Yongle Defeat", 200,000 soldiers were killed, and Shenzong "went to court to mourn and not eat" (Volume 40 of "Song History Chronicles"). At that time, Wang Gui was serving as the left prime minister in the court, and he must have been deeply touched by the increasing power of the country. The lament of "the desolation of the motherland" in "Jinling Nostalgia" may not be just a general nostalgia for the past, but may very well be a tortuous reflection of the sorrow of the times when the country is in a state of affairs.