Qu Yuan went through three periods in his life, namely, the reign of King and the reign of King, and mainly lived in the period. This period is the eve of China's imminent reunification, and "the emperor of Qin is horizontal and the king of Chu is vertical".
Qu was born in a famous family, good at dealing with chaos and rhetoric, and was highly valued in his early years. He was a doctor of Zuotu. In order to realize the great cause of Chu's reunification, Qu Yuan actively assisted in the reform to strengthen the country, and insisted on uniting Qi with foreign countries to resist Qin, which once made Chu rich and strong.
However, due to the sharp contradiction between Qu Yuan and Chu aristocratic group in internal affairs and diplomacy, and the jealousy of Shangguan doctor and others, Qu Yuan was later framed by a group of little people and alienated by Chu Huaiwang. His official achievements are not enough to make him a generation of literary giants.
An important factor for Qu Yuan to become a great poet is the large number of Chu Ci he wrote after living in a distant country for nine years. Qu Yuan's works include Li Sao, Tian Wen, Nine Songs 1 1, Nine Chapters and Nine Songs, and Twenty-three Evocation Songs.
Among them, Li Sao is Qu Yuan's masterpiece and the longest romantic political lyric poem in the history of ancient China literature. Tian Wen is a rare and peculiar poem for thousands of years. It put forward 172 questions to the sky in a questioning language, involving astronomy, geography, literature, philosophy and many other fields, which showed the poet's bold suspicion of traditional ideas and the scientific spirit of pursuing truth.
"Nine Songs" is a set of music songs based on folk songs to worship the gods. There are a lot of gods in the poem, most of which are love songs.
Qu Yuan's works record his persistence in the ideal of "beautiful politics" and his struggle against the decadent aristocratic groups in Chu. His ideal of "beautiful politics" is embodied in his works, that is, Li Sao, in which he said, "Give talents and empower them, but do not equal them."
The so-called "promoting talents and empowering" is to select truly talented people to govern the country, oppose the secular world, and limit the monopoly of the old aristocracy on power.
He also took the historical stories of Fu Shuo, the slave, Lv Wang, the butcher and Ning Qi, the vendor, as examples to illustrate the rationality of selecting talents regardless of their status. The so-called "following the rope without being rude" means practicing the law, that is, the law is not expensive and limiting the privileges of the old nobles.
Qu Yuan's ideal of "beautiful politics" reflects his sharp opposition to the aristocratic groups in Chu and their forces, and expresses his demand for progress in getting rid of bad politics, with the ultimate goal of saving the motherland from peril and making Chu a prosperous and powerful country.
Related to this, Qu Yuan's works also profoundly exposed the darkness of Chu politics, the decay of Chu aristocratic groups and the fatuity of Chu kings, and showed his fighting spirit of adhering to the ideal of "beautiful politics", insisting on moral integrity and "not regretting his death"; At the same time, it shows his determination to care about the country and the people, love the country and the people, and devote himself to the motherland.
Although Qu Yuan was exiled or even exiled, he always thought about the rise and fall of the motherland and the sufferings of the people, hoping that the king of Chu would repent and work hard to become the master of ZTE.
He knew that being loyal to honesty and frankness would lead to disaster, but he always "endured but could not give up"; Knowing that he is facing many dangers, he can go to other countries to find a way out in the era of "using Chu materials", but he refuses to leave Chu, showing his infinite loyalty to the motherland and his personality and will to win glory with the sun and the moon.
Qu Yuan's works are full of positive romantic spirit. Its main performance is that he integrated his passionate pursuit of ideals into artistic imagination and magical artistic conception.
For example, Li Sao wrote that after he gave a speech to Zhong Hua, he went against the wind. He knocked at the heavenly palace first, but the emperor didn't accept it. He begged a girl who happened not to be there; He pursued Fu Fei, but Fu Fei was rude to him; He wanted Judy and Er Yao, but he didn't have a good matchmaker to deliver the news.
This fantasy and pursuit of going to heaven and going to earth embodies Qu Yuan's hard pursuit of ideals in reality. In addition, Nine Songs and Tian Wen also use a lot of myths and historical legends as materials, with bold and rich imagination, which is rare in ancient and modern times.
Besides, Qu Yuan's works also use a series of metaphors to express his feelings. For example, he used flowers and herbs to describe a noble gentleman; Use smelly things and Xiao Ai as metaphors for traitors or disloyal villains; Wearing vanilla symbolizes the poet's moral cultivation. This technique of "vanilla beauty" makes a sharp contrast between loyalty, ugliness, goodness and evil in reality, and produces a concise and endless artistic effect.
Qu Yuan's works are uneven in level and flexible in form. Chu dialect is widely used in the language, full of local flavor; Most of its dialects are refined, colorful and vivid.
As a great poet, the appearance of Qu Yuan not only marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality, but also the new poetic style Chu Ci he initiated broke through the expression form of The Book of Songs, greatly enriched the expressive force of poetry and opened up a new world for China's ancient poetry creation.
Therefore, later generations called Chu Ci and The Book of Songs together as The Book of Songs. "Wind and Sao" are the sources of two fine traditions of realism and romanticism in the history of China's poetry. At the same time, Chu Ci, represented by Qu Yuan, also influenced the formation of Han Fu.
According to "Imperial Century":
In the world of Emperor Yao, the world is peaceful and the people are well. Eighty old people were singing when they landed.
This is "Song of Beating the Earth": "Work at sunrise and rest at sunset. A well can have water to drink, and crops will not be hungry. What is Dili to me? " This is also a true portrayal of Miao people's livelihood in ancient Xiangxi.
Shanjuan brought Central Plains culture into Wuling Mountain area. With the expansion of Chu's territory, Chu has frequent contacts with northern countries, constantly absorbing the Central Plains culture and promoting the continuous development of Chu culture.
During the Warring States Period, Sima Cuo and Zhang Ruoyi led troops into Shu, which also enriched Chu culture, as evidenced by the Liye Qin Bamboo Slips in Longshan, Hunan.
In the 3rd century BC, Qu Yuan was exiled to the south of the Yangtze River, followed in the footsteps of Shan Juan, and wandered between Yuan and Li for a long time. He also started from Changde Deshan, passed through Taohuayuan to Yuanling, Luxi, Chenxi and Xupu, and finally settled in Baisha Village, Luxi, Xiangxi, named Quyuan Village because Quyuan once lived here.
Judging from Qu Yuan's poems such as "Flowers pick up in the morning, flowers pick up in the evening", Qu Yuan's life center during his stay in Yuanxiang was in Baisha, Luxi, because there were Qu Yuan's people, relatives and lovers here.
Quyuan Beach is located next to Quyuan Village, Baisha Town, luxi county New Town, western Hunan. The water flow from the beach head to the beach tail is about 2500 meters long. The edge of the beach is paved with light gray pebbles of different sizes, and a sandbar with Mao Mao grass naturally rises, adding a touch of bright color to it. In the morning and sunset, it is full of poems and paintings.
In order to remember that this great patriotic poet lived here for generations, people named this small fishing village "Quyuan Village" and this river beach "Quyuan Beach".
Qu Yuan first went downstream from Du Ying to Lingyang, stopped for a while, then went upstream to Chenyang, then turned south to Xupu, and soon went down the Yuanjiang River to Dongting Lake and crossed Xiangjiang River to Miluo.
During this period, he often published books and created a kind of Sao style called Chu Ci, and southern literature became a big country.
Among them, some poems by Shejiang, Lisao, Jiuge and Jiuzhang were written when they settled in Baisha Village.
Ode to Oranges was written in Luxipu City, which is rich in oranges. Orange pomelo is an important fruit in memory of Chiyou, the ancestor of Miao nationality.
Since then, the customs, scenery, meteorology and so on in Wuling area have been presented to the world by Qu Yuan.
For example, in She River, the local people's "strange clothes" wrote: "Cui Wei, far away from home, wears a long hairpin and a colorful crown. Wearing by the bright moon. " I also wrote about the hardships of sailing in Wuling Mountain: "I took a boat to Yuan, and Qi Wubang was defeated. If the ship does not enter, it will be stagnant if it is flooded. "
I wrote about the original ecological environment: "When I entered Xupu, I went back to Xi, but I didn't know what I was doing", and "The deep mountains and forests are where apes live."
"Geomorphology and Meteorology of Wuling Mountain" wrote: "The mountains are high and steep to cover the sun, and it is rainy. The snow is infinite and the clouds are falling. " It can be called Wuling Sao poetry school.