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Fu is a style in ancient China, which pays attention to literary talent and rhythm, and has the nature of poetry and prose. It is characterized by "eulogizing prose and writing ambition in kind", focusing on writing scenery and expressing emotion through scenery.
The development of Fu has gone through several stages:
1, which first appeared in hundred schools of thought's prose, is called "short fu"; Qu Yuan's "Sao Style" is a transition from poetry to fu, which is called "Sao Fu".
2. The style of Fu was formally established in the Han Dynasty, which is called "Ci Fu"; After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it developed in the direction of parallel prose, which was called "parallel prose".
3. In the Tang Dynasty, the parallel style was transferred to the legal style, which was called "Fa Fu"; In Song Dynasty, Fu appeared in the form of prose, which was called "Wen Fu".
Famous Fu include: Fu of Epang Palace by Du Mu, Fu of Luoshen by Cao Zhi, Fu of Autumn Sound by Ouyang Xiu, Fu of Thousand Red Cliffs by Su Shi, Fu of Sorrow for the South of the Yangtze River by Yu Xin, etc.
The source of fu
The first person to use the word "Fu" as a style should push Sima Qian. During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Han Dynasty, The Book of Poetry became a Confucian Classics. In this context, it is extremely inappropriate to call Qu Yuan's works poems. However, Qu Yuan's works can only be read but not sung, and it is not appropriate to call them "songs".
So Sima Qian chose two names: Ci and Fu. However, he still prefers to use words to name Qu Yuan's works, because Qu Yuan's works are rich in literary talent. The works of Song Yu, Le Tang and Jing Ke are called "Fu". The first writer who really called his work Fu was.
Then at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, literati often wrote their own works in the name of "Fu". The name "Fu" was first seen in Xun Kuang's Fu Pian at the end of the Warring States Period. The original poems and songs can be sung, but Fu can't, so he can only recite them. It looks like prose with poetic rhythm, which is a style between poetry and prose.
Fu is a marginal style between poetry and prose, and between poetry and prose, Fu is closer to poetic style. From the Han Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty, Fu was closer to poetry than prose. From the perspective of subject matter, the subject matter of Chu Ci works is relatively simple, and most of them are "sad people don't meet." Moreover, its form is relatively fixed, and they all imitate Qu Yuan's works and write their own misfortunes and troubles like Qu Yuan.
The extravagant decorations in Qu Yuan's Evocation of Soul have a great influence on Han Da Fu. Fu has a strong literati flavor since its birth, which is the reason why it is deeply influenced by Chu Ci. Sao style fu mostly adopts the metaphor of "vanilla beauty" in Chu Ci, and often follows the metaphor of Chu Ci.
Since the word "Fu" was formed, Fu and poetry have been intertwined and influenced each other. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a confluence of poetry and fu. However, poetry and fu are two styles after all. Generally speaking, most poems are written for feelings, while Fu often writes for feelings. Poetry focuses on lyricism, and fu focuses on narrative objects. Liu Xizai, a poet in A Qing, said: "Fu is different from poets because there is less emotion in poems, more emotion in words and less emotion in words.