A paper on the applied linguistics framework and characteristics of metaphor
In real life study and work, everyone is familiar with the paper. With the help of the paper, we can effectively improve our understanding of metaphor. Writing level. So the question is, how to write an excellent paper? Below are the analytical papers on the applied linguistics framework and characteristics of metaphor that I have collected for your reference. I hope it can help friends in need.
Abstract:
Metaphor is a commonly used form of language expression, which has a modifying effect on language expression. Use applied linguistics theory to interpret metaphor in practice By analyzing the characteristics of the model through the characteristics shown in the application process, we will have a deep understanding of metaphor and form relevant points for the correct use of metaphor in the actual application process.
Keywords:
Metaphor, linguistic phenomenon; applied linguistics:
Introduction:
Metaphor, also known as metaphor, is used in literature It is very common in works, and is usually used to describe things concretely, so as to express abstract things more intuitively. Therefore, the reasonable use of metaphors can help people understand things more intuitively and deeply, and promote people's cognition. This also makes metaphor more widely used in the field of linguistics. Especially as the latter's theoretical system continues to mature, the scope of metaphor's application has been further expanded. Whether it is in psychology, linguistics or sociology, it has a place, showing Higher value, which triggers thinking about the characteristics of metaphor and model characteristics, which can be used to more profoundly recognize the role of metaphor, thereby expanding its application scope and sublimating its value. This is also the significance of this article's research.
1. Introduction to metaphor
As early as the 4th century BC, scholars used metaphor as a rhetorical technique in literary works. For example, Aristotle believed that metaphor is a concept that can be replaced and supports the acquisition of new knowledge through metaphor. Aristotle used a variety of methods to study metaphor, and realized the analysis of metaphor by constructing a specific environment, thereby recognizing the role that metaphor plays in the social and cultural process and promoting the combination between metaphor and social culture. . This laid a good theoretical foundation for early research on metaphor. Later studies are usually based on this foundation, measuring the specific role of metaphor in the field of applied language from multiple single perspectives, or elaborating on the role of metaphor under single logical thinking from a linguistic or psychological perspective, which also makes metaphor gradually form Relatively independent status[1]. Affected by the continuous maturation of linguistic theory, many scholars have begun to conduct related research on metaphor from both cognitive and linguistic perspectives, laying the foundation for related research based on applied linguistics.
Conduct metaphor research from the perspective of applied linguistics, pursue more practicality, and set up specific language frameworks to measure factors such as syntactic words, communicative purposes, and history, so as to achieve a correct understanding of metaphors. Different from previous theoretical research on metaphor, this paper pays more attention to the role of metaphor in practical applications. In terms of research focus, the main focus is on language form rather than original structure. The famous linguist Cameron proposed that research on metaphor should be conducted with the help of a multi-faceted research system. In related research, he conducted research on metaphor from three angles [2]. The first perspective is to analyze the theoretical system of metaphor from a theoretical level. The second perspective is based on the processing level and mainly analyzes the processing status of metaphors during practical application. The third perspective is to analyze the specific application of metaphor in this field and the important role it plays from the neurological level.
2. Model characteristics of metaphor
1. Stage model
As one of the main expression models of metaphor, the stage model has obvious formal logical characteristics, mainly It expresses language through indirect metaphor. Specifically, it includes the stage of recognizing and understanding the text, and the stage of deeply understanding the inner meaning of the text. The basis of the former's expression is the environment, which requires an accurate understanding of the surface meaning in order to carry out subsequent profound metaphorical analysis. The latter focuses more on exploring the meaning of expression. In some cases, the two stages take the same amount of time, that is, the inner meaning can be discovered by understanding the surface meaning, and only the more obscure metaphors will consume a lot of time in the second stage.
2. Ontology and metaphor
Metaphor consists of two components: ontology and metaphor, both of which are direct forms that present the meaning expressed by the metaphor. The ontology is the thing that needs to be expressed, while the metaphor is the thing that expresses the ontology. The main function of metaphor is to express the ontology with the help of metaphor. In the process of practical application, the shapes of ontology and metaphor are not limited to fixed forms.
3. Parallel distributed processing of information
The field of psychology is mainly based on the information processing model and conducts related research on metaphors. It involves the application of metaphors and compares computers to human brains. Understand the way of separating metaphors, obtain information and process it, and finally form metaphorical cognition.
In some cases, metaphor research will be carried out through parallel distribution, which is essentially the same as the information processing model. It also treats the human brain as a computer and achieves specific analysis of metaphors through data reasoning and calculation.
3. Applied Linguistics Framework of Metaphor
To conduct research on the nature and related characteristics of metaphor in the field of applied linguistics, it is necessary to focus on the role of metaphor in practical application. , and the essence presented. Therefore, before carrying out relevant research, it is necessary to fully sort out previous research results and form a mature system based on previous research results to explore the characteristics and applicability of metaphor. In the system established, attention should be paid to grammar, parts of speech, and word meanings. At the same time, the influence of proximity, communication environment, context, and other factors in the actual application process should also be considered. After comprehensive consideration, finally focus on the ontology and metaphor. Analyze the application situation between entities [3]. Domestic scholars also fully realize the importance of cognition when conducting metaphor-related research, and continue to explore the essence and characteristics of metaphor through innovative exploration methods, laying a good foundation for metaphor-related research in the field of applied linguistics.
Many scholars will pay attention to the effect of its use in the field of language when analyzing metaphors. This is in line with the characteristics of applied linguistics research that focuses on practical applications, that is, in the study of theory Based on this, combined with reality, the final conclusion on metaphor is finally formed. Judging from the current theoretical results of research on metaphor, many scholars are conducting further research on the basis of cognitive theory, and have changed their research direction. They no longer only focus on theoretical research, but instead pay more attention to the role of metaphor in language. practical application. Scholars should pay attention to the following points during the research process: First, they need to divide levels. While studying the surface meaning, they should also study deeper to fully reveal the characteristics of metaphor. The second is to ensure that every level is fully analyzed. The third step is to effectively screen different types of metaphorical frameworks. The last step is to ensure that the analysis is comprehensive and can explain metaphors from both macro and micro perspectives. Usually when readers come into contact with the field of metaphor, they will first think of the metaphor part, and then think about the meaning of the metaphor. When this process exists in the brain, understanding of the meaning of expectations can be achieved. Specifically, ontology and metaphor belong to cognitive patterns stored inside the human brain, which may be triggered by senses or thinking. These are important parts of human beings' ability to recognize metaphors [4]. When a metaphor is encountered, basic information will appear. At this time, the brain will screen and judge to obtain the specific meaning of the metaphor. The whole process shows dynamic characteristics, especially when the individual's cognitive level and knowledge level continue to increase, it will cause changes in this process. This is a metaphorical framework system.
After fully analyzing the framework system of metaphor, we should pay attention to the following points when conducting research around metaphor. First, it is necessary to ensure that research on metaphor is based on a solid theoretical foundation, and at the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to other levels of processing that are going on simultaneously. Secondly, it needs to be emphasized that research on metaphor levels should be conducted based on the minimum and maximum basic requirements of the framework. Thirdly, it is necessary to reasonably select the theoretical framework of metaphor, and the selection criteria are mainly the type of metaphor. It is best to ensure an analytical framework that enables multi-level interpretation of metaphors.
4. The nature of metaphor in language use
As a manifestation of language phenomena, metaphor is usually affected by the form of language in the specific use process. However, in daily use, most people do not pay attention to the existence of language forms. This also makes the research on metaphor show a lack of awareness of the relationship between language and metaphor to a certain extent. This emphasizes that research on metaphor should It is important to pay attention to the substantive role that language plays at different levels. For example, research on the understanding and application of metaphors is carried out from multiple levels such as words and sentences. Specifically, in the field of language studies, the focus is on the superficial aspects of language in practical applications, and the concept of language survival is rarely explored. When a large number of linguists distinguish the concept of metaphor, they will analyze it based on the two levels of reason and concept, so as to form a correct understanding of the way metaphor is used. But consider that the complete text must include rhetoric, contrast, suggestion, etc. For example, the linguistic metaphor "Our Friendship is Based on the Mutual Trust" can be simply interpreted and summarized as the basic form of B is C "Love is a Journey". Obviously, the setting of this condition will hinder the progress of research. Specific manifestations To blur the guidelines for the use of metaphors.
Therefore, when conducting research on metaphor in the field of applied linguistics, in addition to focusing on language form, we will also focus on variable factors in the process of language use. In the process of carrying out actual research, by paying attention to prototypes, we can intuitively understand the essence of metaphors, including their surface language forms, which are all based on deep-seated concepts. According to the relevant theories of scholars Lakoff and John, metaphor comes from metaphor, which reflects the mapping between the conceptual system and the ontological field, which is equivalent to the characteristics of the metaphor reflecting the characteristics of the ontology.
A large number of language researchers have focused their research on the mother tongue to explore the relationship between the ontology and the metaphor in conventional metaphors, and then derive the key points in the use of metaphors, including original construction, stimulation and restrictions [5]. At the same time, it is also pointed out that in a specific context, the domain combination between ontology and metaphor has an activating effect on the human brain's thinking, and will present specific concepts that can be integrated with sensory memory to stimulate olfactory and auditory associations.
Both the metaphor itself and the metaphor are very rich in expression forms, and are not limited to specific noun or verb forms, and can present a variety of rich forms such as phrases and sentences. Some special sentences do not directly provide the ontology and metaphor. At this time, readers need to analyze and rely on their own knowledge system and mastery of language sense to understand the metaphor in the sentence. It can be seen that the application of metaphor has a certain purpose. Therefore, when processing domain information, we should proceed from the actual context. As a rhetorical technique, metaphor is very common in the field of language application. In addition to showing specific application value, it is also related to the development and evolution of human language. It has become a model of social and cultural image and is an expression of cultural forms derived from social development. , related to information about the development of human culture.
5. Characteristics of metaphor in applied linguistics
1. Metaphor is abstract
In the field of applied language, the use of metaphor shows abstractness The characteristic, specifically, is to present a non-representational metaphor in a relatively abstract style, and in a complex environment, both the ontology and the metaphor are abstract.
2. Metaphor is consistent
There must be a certain correlation between the metaphor and the ontology to constitute a metaphor. Specifically, there must be a logical connection between the two. Connection, which also gives metaphors the characteristic of consistency.
6. The Enlightenment of Metaphor on Teaching
The use of metaphors for rhetoric is very common in the field of modern languages. Therefore, studying the use and value of metaphors is of great significance in the field of language teaching. For example, in the process of English teaching, based on the biggest difference between Chinese and Western cultures, some problems that are difficult to present can be transformed through metaphors and placed in the Chinese language environment, or an effective teaching atmosphere can be constructed. It can be said that in In the field of language, metaphor has a wide range of applications.
Usually there are obvious differences between the ontology and metaphor contained in metaphors, and the two can be connected through metaphor. This reflects the specific value of metaphor in practical application and can encourage readers to explore the two. The connection between users can avoid some problems. For example, in the process of language teaching, through the use of metaphor as a rhetorical method to realize the connection between different languages ??and cultures, and with appropriate guidance by teachers, students' passive learning status can be transformed into active acquisition of knowledge, which is conducive to stimulating students' learning initiative, and can also assist in the development of various teaching activities, effectively improving the quality of language teaching classes.
Based on the above analysis, we have formed a preliminary understanding of the characteristics and essence of metaphor in the field of applied linguistics, and believe that metaphor can be used as an important breakthrough in cultural theory and knowledge research, and we can use the study of metaphor to achieve complex The scientific transformation of cultural phenomena will lead to a deeper understanding of culture or nation. In the process of cultural learning, students are required to use various methods at their disposal to complete learning tasks. The research results based on metaphor can support the systematic learning process and expand the linguistic framework system, thereby obtaining more knowledge scope of applied linguistics, using metaphors to conduct organized learning of language phenomena, and using appropriate methods to target scattered knowledge. Scientifically organize language phenomena to achieve effective memory and scientific application of knowledge.
7. Conclusion
Through the study of the components of metaphor, we can clearly understand the purpose of using metaphor, understand the components and components of the ontology and metaphor in metaphor, and also explore in depth In the field of applied linguistics, it is recognized that metaphors are one of the achievements of social and cultural development and have the characteristics of abstraction and consistency, which affect people's memory and application of knowledge. We should conduct in-depth research so that it can play a positive role in the development of our country's language and culture. I believe that in the future, with the gradual deepening of research on metaphor theory and thinking about its value in practical application, metaphor will have a wider range of applications in the field of language and its role will become more important. It will have a profound impact on language teaching and language application. The impact will also be greater.
References
[1] Analysis of the characteristics of metaphor in applied linguistics by Yu Yan [J]. Journal of Mudanjiang Education College, 2015(8).
[2] Wang Jie. Analysis of the Characteristics of Metaphor in Applied Linguistics [J] Journal of Hubei Correspondence University, 2014(9).
[3] Liang Jingyu, Wang Shaohua Bipartisan Health Insurance State of the Union Address (1946) --2015) A diachronic comparative study of architectural metaphors[J]. Foreign Language Studies, 2018(1).
[4] Hu Chunyu and Xu Yuting’s comparative study of “economic metaphors” based on Chinese and English media corpora[J ]. Foreign Language Teaching, 2017(5).
[5] Sun Ya, Qian Yubin, Ma Ting. Current status and development trend of foreign metaphor research [J]. Modern Foreign Languages, 2017(5). ;< /p>