liu zongyuan
The fisherman rests on the western hills at night, learns the clear water in the morning, and cooks for firewood.
The sun disappears like a cloud, and the sound of sculls comes from green mountains and green waters.
Looking back, the fishing boat has drifted below the horizon, and white clouds are floating in the mountains, chasing each other.
Liu Zongyuan, one of the two kings and eight horses, was driven out of the court after the failure of the "Yongzhen Reform" movement and exiled to Yongzhou (now Lingling County, Hunan Province), where he spent ten years in exile. From "the height of the temple" to "the distance between rivers and lakes", this great change has brought a heavy blow to the poet, but the poet did not give in. "Prosperity helps the world, poverty helps the world" is the philosophy of life followed by literati in feudal times. Although Yongzhou is located in a secluded place, far away from the imperial court, its beautiful scenery, mysterious and vigorous nature deeply attracted the poet, so the poet forgot his troubles, expressed his feelings for nature, and created a lot of landscape travel notes and poems in the process of seclusion and swimming, in order to dispel resentment, pin his personal ideals and express infinite feelings. The poem "Fisherman" was written at this time.
"An old fisherman spent the night here, and under the western cliff, Xiaoxiang was burning the bamboo forest." The first two sentences first revealed the whereabouts of the fisherman, the owner of this poem. West extension refers to the western hills of Yongzhou. Liu Zongyuan wrote down the joy of visiting the Western Hills in the article Travel Notes at the Beginning of the Western Hills Banquet, and described the sublimity of the Western Hills: living at the top of the Western Hills, "the soil of several states is under the mat"; The Hunan water flowing down from the mountain is "the clearest, although it is five or six feet deep and bottomed out" (Zhong Xiang Ji). In addition, Yongzhou is rich in Zhu Xiang, so Xiyan scenic spot with high mountains, clear water and bamboo green attracted the fisherman so much that he forgot to return after browsing there for a day and simply camped at the foot of Xishan Mountain. At dawn the next day, the fisherman got up early to boil tea, cook bamboo and get ready to go. The poet wrote these two poems from night to dawn, thus completing the transition for the sunrise range rover.
"Then, at sunrise, he walked through the fog, and in the green mountains and green waters, only the creak of his paddle was left." These two poems are the best and the most skillful. As the morning mist in the mountains slowly dissipates, a red sun is rising in Ran Ran, Ran Ran. The natural scenery in the mountains also changes from dark to bright with the change of the sky. Everything in nature, just hazy, is full of vitality and vigor under the reflection of the morning light. But at this time, the fisherman disappeared. With the sound of "one is" coming from the river, it was discovered that the fisherman had already disappeared into the green mountains and green waters with the leaf boat. Here, the poet broke the quiet morning sky with the voice of "Nai", which deeply attracted readers' attention, and thus discovered the poetic green in front of him, which not only made the word "green" present a sense of color, but also gave people a strong sense of movement, thus making readers feel the wonder of the scenery in front of them and received the best artistic effect.
"I turned around and saw the waves moving like from the sky, and the clouds on the cliff floated leisurely." These two sentences describe a broader picture. At this time, the fisherman stood at the bow and looked back to see a few white clouds floating on the top of Naxi Rock, winding around the rock, as if chasing each other for fun intentionally or unintentionally. This sentence is obviously a sentence in Tao Yuanming's Gui Xi Ci, but the poetic scene is more leisurely and serene.
This is the end of the poem, but the colorful world of Qing Xiang, Zhu Zhu, Jiangri, Qingshan, green water and white clouds depicted in the poem is deeply imprinted in the reader's mind. This kind of world comes from the eyes of a poet who has been locked in a cage for a long time and returned to nature, which is in sharp contrast with the dark and corrupt officialdom, and shows the relaxed and happy mood of the poet after leaving the officialdom to live in seclusion. The fisherman in the poem is actually the embodiment of the poet. Although his lonely and wandering life seems to give people a feeling of loneliness and coldness, it essentially shows the poet's narcissism, self-satisfaction and otherworldly interest in life, aiming at explaining the poet's integrity and independence. Of course, from this poem, we can also see the influence of Buddhism on the poet. Especially in the last two sentences of the poem, the poet realized Zen by describing the freely curled white clouds floating in the wind on the top of the mountain, which showed the poet's thought of letting nature take its course, forgetting himself, being detached from things and being born. The influence of Buddhism and Taoism on the poet is obvious, and we should pay attention to this when reading this poem.
The ideological connotation of poetry is extremely rich, but none of the six poems is a single sentiment, but a description of the scenery sentence by sentence, while the scenery is related to feelings. For Liu Zongyuan's artistic characteristics, Su Shi once had the following comments. The first kind is "the poem is an abnormal combination of strangeness and Taoism, which is interesting." If you are familiar with this poem, you will feel strange "(quoted from Cold Zhai Night Talk). The word "funny" really sums up the characteristics of this poem. The second is: "After Du Li, the poet continued to write. Although there is a distant rhyme between them, he is not satisfied. Only with Liu Zongyuan can I get a simple and ancient hair and give it a taste of indifference, which is beyond my reach. " These two sentences are also very appropriate for the evaluation of this poem.