Bai Juyi lived in the middle Tang Dynasty, which just ended the An Shi Rebellion, and Ouyang Xiu lived in the Northern Song Dynasty, where Renzong, Yingzong and Zongshen ended the Five Dynasties War. But most of his life was spent in the Renzong Dynasty, where the economy was highly developed.
(a), small faint in the wild, big faint in the city "compose jade beads for sixty years, who taught ghost way to be a poet. Floating clouds are not famous and easy to live in, so they naturally don't like it. "In the era in which they live, there is a common feature, that is, centralization is weakening.
In the Tang Dynasty, when the captaincy of our province was divided, Renzong was eyeing Xixia and Liao countries. However, their economy and market culture did not decline because of this, but began to flourish. Especially the gradual improvement of the imperial examination system, these two times have become fertile ground for cultivating literati.
1. It is better to hide in the middle and in the company officer.
In fact, the word "alto" was put forward by Bai Juyi in his works. When people have experienced great storms, they will definitely retire. Especially in middle-aged and elderly people, neither energy nor physical strength can adapt to the life-and-death struggle on the field. Moreover, the heart will also have a tired attitude towards this heart.
"Idle land only east, east less fame and fortune. Idle officials are guests, and guests have no contacts. " As for Bai Juyi's idea of seclusion, it is because he has held many irrelevant official positions all the year round. The company in Luoyang, the east capital, is actually the place where officials provide for the aged. Give them an official position casually, and they can be assured that they have no worries about food and clothing, and there is nothing important that has nothing to do with family and country.
Naturally, Bai Juyi will have the idea of "seclusion". Bai Juyi at this time can be said to be a rich and idle person. Moreover, he is a literati himself and likes to drink and write poems. So I always make an appointment with three or five friends to sing poems together, which is very enjoyable. Being an official in Luoyang, away from political struggle, everything becomes easy.
Moreover, he himself has no desire to continue walking up a flight of stairs. In fact, to put it bluntly, this is the retirement life of officials in the middle Tang Dynasty. Well-paid, you must not be lonely at home. Moreover, I also like to sing poetry and have fun. I have the financial ability and plenty of time, so naturally there will be hidden feelings.
2. Keep a low profile and be content with Xijing
"Andy is committed to the east of Los Angeles. Always holding hands at that time and traveling all over the fragrant bushes. " Besides Bai Juyi, Ouyang Wenzhong is also an official in Luoyang. It's just that Luoyang is the capital of the Tang Dynasty and Xijing, one of the five capitals of the Northern Song Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu's fame is inseparable from his three years as an official in Luoyang.
The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but also between mountains and rivers. Ouyang Xiu had a rough life and experienced ups and downs. But wherever he is, he can keep an open mind. Yongzhou is like this, not to mention Luoyang. "Usually, the army stops fighting, and the wine talks with each other." In Luoyang, Ouyang Xiu used the word "Huan".
At that time, he can be described as "a scholar who can laugh and talk, but there is no Ding Bai". According to the Chronicle of Ouyang Xiu, it was mainly his aides who made friends with Qian Wen Nuo at that time. Including Shi Lu and Athena Chu, Ouyang Xiu was inevitably influenced by Bai Juyi. Therefore, he also has the psychology of "seclusion".
Because the party struggle is fierce, I have no hope of returning to Beijing for the time being It is better to live in Luoyang with peace of mind and feel at ease. Moreover, whether it is military or government affairs, Luoyang is very relaxed compared with Kaifeng, the capital.
(2) Luoyang has a wonderful place and beautiful scenery. "The big one lives in the city, and the small one sails in the autumn." Bai Juyi and Ouyang Xiu actually represented the literati and officialdom in Tang and Song Dynasties respectively. They were first scholars, and then entered the official career through the imperial examination. Poetry is a way for literati to communicate with the world, and they live in Luoyang, so they can have leisure to drink and have fun. When I was drunk, I had mixed feelings, so I wrote all my thoughts on paper.
1. A new song and a glass of wine.
The glory of Tang and Song literature added a lot of color to China's history and culture. Scholars are well paid, so they will pursue a higher level of enjoyment. For these literati, they don't like the struggle in court very much, and they are not good at it. So it will be repeatedly excluded.
As soon as I arrived in Luoyang, the burden on me was much lighter. No intrigue, the conditions are very good. Their nature will be released. Luoyang and Shijing are mutually successful, because Luoyang's political status is not so important, and people here are often idle officials with high positions.
When these people meet in Luoyang, they will naturally get together often. After all, nobody needs a drink. When you have money, leisure and like-minded people, they can speak freely together. If you have a job without power, you will have less burden and more leisure.
There are fools in Luoyang, and black and white are indistinguishable.
"Not virtuous, not stupid, not wise, not expensive, not rich, not cheap or poor". This golden mean has always been respected by ancient literati. That kind of freedom, which is independent of the world, but is born into the WTO, is in line with Luoyang's status. Because Luoyang was one of the capitals in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the former was built by Chang 'an, and the latter was slightly inferior to Kaifeng.
This place, to a large extent, is for those literati to provide for the elderly. Before they moved to Luoyang, they were often promoted and then given official positions without actual power. In this way, when the treatment goes up, people will be more leisure. This can also be regarded as a unique pension system in the Tang and Song Dynasties.
There were two famous poetry meetings in Luoyang in history, one was Bai Juyi's poetry meeting in Huichang period of Tang Dynasty; The other is Qian's staff poetry, wine and song group represented by Ouyang Xiu. In fact, in addition to the gathering of like-minded people, some people also have a certain utilitarian heart.
Because in poetry, wine and music, you can get to know many retired ministers and learn about Beijing's trends in real time. This characteristic accords with the psychology of many people. They can live a leisurely life and prepare for their future comeback. It is close to the power center, but it can also know all kinds of situations. Is to switch between "useful" and "useless".
(3) Autumn sails are too cold, and the market is too noisy and hidden. The basic meaning is to be an idle official. These literati came to Luoyang with profound knowledge and retirement benefits. Here, you can enjoy yourself without the troubles of official business. At the same time, you don't have to worry about arguing with your colleagues in court every day. Carefree life, carefree, is actually the life that most people pursue.
1. Know each other better than you do.
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Luoyang held frequent poetry meetings and banquets, which was actually an opportunity for junior officials to show their talents to their superiors. Because their organizers are often high-ranking officials and talents with ability, influence and status like Bai Juyi and Wang Anshi. Most of the participants are their friends. These people are also hand-eye figures.
Small officials are very willing to participate in these activities. Because at that time, if I could write a preface for Rainbow Bo in Wang Teng Pavilion in the Early Tang Dynasty, it would be very helpful for my future career. And these high-level, organize these activities, also have their own purpose.
They need to inject fresh blood into their own groups, that is, talented officials. You can choose people who have their own ideas to cultivate. If one day, he can rise to the top, it will naturally be very beneficial to himself.
Just as Bai Juyi made friends with Li Deyu, Niu Sengru, Pei Du and others at the poetry meeting, Ouyang Xiu's friends at the Luoyang poetry meeting later became his loyal allies.
2. Unique conditions
In fact, there is another meaning of "Zhong Yin", which is between "Yin" and "Not Yin". Going up a storey still higher is the ultimate dream of every talented official. "Sail against the current, if you don't advance, you will retreat." They moved to Luoyang in difficulties and were in no hurry to achieve success. I am not satisfied with the status quo, but I frequently put forward poetry clubs.
On the one hand, it is to relieve loneliness and sadness; On the other hand, I am also preparing for my comeback. This is actually a semi-official and semi-secluded attitude towards life. Since there is no ability to change for the time being, it is better to choose a better attitude towards life. Moreover, the literati themselves like to drink and have fun, travel and have economic strength.
"Idle land is just Dongdu, and Dongdu has less fame and fortune." In Bai Juyi's view, Luoyang is a "land of idleness". This is a leisure place, and there is not much official business. Because it is the capital, it has the same supporting system as the capital, even officials. Both Bai Juyi and Ouyang Xiu once lived here and often organized poetry parties.
Poetry and wine are all people who like to drink and write poems. Conditions are also met, and talents can be attracted or allies can be made through parties. These people will come back one day and become their right-hand man. Even if we can't reach that level, we won't do things too well by looking at the friendly faces of the past. As the saying goes, "There are many friends and many roads."
Both Bai Juyi and Ouyang Xiu once represented an era. They all work in Luoyang, which is the capital of the Tang Dynasty and Xijing of the Northern Song Dynasty. Both of them are in the local area and both serve as idle officials. The two men saw through everything and chose to be indifferent to Zhi Ming.
Because the temporary situation cannot be changed, we can only face it with a calm mind. If you have money and leisure, you can naturally live the life you want. Luoyang is a gas station for them. It is a safe place to live on the road of pursuing ideals.