Since the Jin Dynasty, people have regarded chrysanthemums as ornamental objects. Tao Yuanming's poems about chrysanthemum appreciation (AD 365-427), such as "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing the South Mountain" and "Autumn chrysanthemums are beautiful in color, showing their beauty", indicate that chrysanthemums have begun to be planted in rural areas. In the Tang dynasty (6 18 ~ 907), several varieties of different colors appeared one after another. For example, Bai Juyi and Liu Yuxi chanted white chrysanthemums in poems, while Li Shangyin chanted purple chrysanthemums in poems. In the poems of Du Fu, Wei Zhuang and Xiao, it not only reflects that there are more and more varieties of chrysanthemums in the Tang Dynasty, but also shows that cultivation has become more common.
In the Song Dynasty, chrysanthemums were cultivated in the open air and developed into potted plants. Other plants could be used as rootstocks to graft chrysanthemums, and the varieties had a great development. Monographs on easy living have also come out one after another. Liu Meng's chrysanthemum spectrum (1 104) was published, which is the first chrysanthemum monograph in China. The score records 36 kinds of chrysanthemums. It is divided into yellow (17), white (15) and variegated (4). The book also expounds the basic principles and ways of genetic breeding of chrysanthemum with large flowers and double petals. Since then, there have been more and more monographs on chrysanthemum art: there are 27 chrysanthemums recorded in Stone (1 175); There are 35 species of chrysanthemums recorded in Fan Chengda's "Fan Cun Ju Pu" (1 186). In addition, there are Chrysanthemum Collection by Shen Jing (12 13), 58 chrysanthemum collections, Hundred Chrysanthemums Collection by Zhu Shi (1242) and 160 chrysanthemum collections.
In the Yuan Dynasty, there were few monographs on chrysanthemum. Yang Weizhen recorded chrysanthemum 136 in Biography of Huang Hua.
Chrysanthemum developed again in the Ming Dynasty. Important chrysanthemum monographs include: Huang Shengzeng's Chrysanthemum Spectrum, which records 220 kinds of chrysanthemums; Wang's Qunfangpu (1630) recorded 270 species of chrysanthemums, including yellow, white, red, pink and exotic varieties, among which' May' chrysanthemum,' May' chrysanthemum and' July' chrysanthemum appeared. There is also Gao Lian's Eight Laws of Respecting Life, which records 85 species of chrysanthemum/kloc-0, and summarizes eight planting methods of chrysanthemum (seedling separation method). Support method, soil mixing method, watering method, insect catching method, seedling picking method, rain planting method and chrysanthemum grafting method are all of great reference value.
In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Japanese chrysanthemums had been introduced. Zou Xiaoshan drew a map of chrysanthemums when they dried up, and there were many varieties.
In the Qing dynasty, the trend of artistic chrysanthemum was even worse. Monographs include Chen Haozi's Flower Mirror (1688) and Ji Ju 153. Wang Hao's Genealogy of Guangqun (1708) recorded 92 species of chrysanthemum/kloc-0. Since then, there has been Lu's Yi Ju Shuo (17 18), and so on. Chrysanthemum books and chrysanthemums have mushroomed. During the Republic of China (19 12 ~ 1948), there were few monographs, only Huang's Ju Jian (1932) and Miao Fusun's Yu Li Shan Ju Pu Shu. But on the eve of liberation, the Horticulture Department of Nanjing Jinling University saved 630 varieties of good chrysanthemums for the country, which is gratifying.
1949 or so, many varieties of chrysanthemum were lost. For example, there were only 70 kinds of chrysanthemums in Hangzhou at that time. 1953, there were only 150 species of chrysanthemums in Shanghai. However, the career of art chrysanthemum soon resumed. To 1963, Shanghai Longhua Nursery Chrysanthemum 1 0,200 species, Beijing Beihai Park Chrysanthemum 1 38 1 species. During the Cultural Revolution, chrysanthemums were destroyed again. But chrysanthemum has made great progress in recent years. Nanjing Agricultural University investigated the chrysanthemum variety resources in China and sorted out more than 3,000 varieties. The monograph Yi Ju has been published continuously since 1950, and in recent years, it has developed in the direction of large-scale and specialization. Articles and reports about chrysanthemum are often published in foreign magazines and periodicals. For example, since 1957, when Chen Fenghuai and others began to study, and since 1962, Chen Junyu and others have made a breakthrough in the origin of modern chrysanthemum through a large number of wild interspecific hybridization experiments.
In the 8th century, chrysanthemum was introduced to Japan from China as an ornamental plant, and was regarded as the pattern of the national emblem of Japan. At the end of 17, Dutch merchants introduced China chrysanthemum to Europe, to France in 18 and to North America in the middle of 19. Since then, chrysanthemums in China have spread all over the world.