Metropolitan Network 2002-9-24 14: 26
Siming school
Siming School is also called "Siming Xue Lu". During the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Sui and Yuan Xie, the four outstanding scholars of Ming Dynasty, mainly studied and drew lessons from Lu Jiuyuan's theory of "mind", that is, the combination of "mind" and "reason" constituted the origin of all things in the universe, and at the same time, they also integrated Zhu's Neo-Confucianism with Jinhua and Yongkang's theories. ?
Yaojiang school
Yaojiang School is also called Yangming School. It was founded by Wang Shouren (alias Yangming), a philosopher and Yuyao native in the Ming Dynasty, and was named after the Yaojiang River flowing through Yuyao. Wang Shouren inherited and carried forward Lu Jiuyuan's theory of mind and nature in the Southern Song Dynasty, and put forward such philosophical thoughts as "nothing outside the mind", "to conscience" and "the unity of knowledge and action", which was the representative work of China's ancient subjective idealism and was called "Wang Xue" in history. His main disciples and descendants are Xu Ai, Qian Dehong, Shen and Shi Xiaoxian. ?
East Zhejiang school
The East Zhejiang School, also known as Zhejiang Historiography School, was founded by Huang Zongxi, an enlightenment thinker and Yuyao native during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Huang Zongxi publicly exposed and criticized autocratic monarchy in politics, denounced it as the source of evil that "disturbed the world" and advocated civil rights. Economically, it advocates "industry and commerce as the foundation" and academically, it advocates "practical application". In addition to philosophy and history, it also studies astronomy, geography, mathematics, literature, art and religion, and is the most influential school in the Qing Dynasty. Its representative figures are,, Quan and Zhang Xuecheng. ?
Yongxi
Yong Opera began in the late Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, formerly known as "Crosstalk". It evolved from folk operas and tunes such as Tiantou folk songs, lantern songs and news singing. Mainly spread in Ningbo, Zhoushan and Ningbo. The original singers were farmers, craftsmen and other craftsmen in the countryside. They sang at temple fairs to worship the gods and celebrate the church. The content of singing is mainly news and folk life stories, with no performance and no instrumental accompaniment. During Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty (1796 ~ 1820), influenced by Su Tan, simple performances and huqin accompaniment began. After Daoguang 10 (1830), there appeared a "cross-guest class" for commercial performances. In the 16th year of Guangxu (1890), several artists went to Ningbo to perform and became popular, and "Tan Ke" was renamed as "Ningbo Tanquan". It was renamed as "Siming Opera" and "Yongjiang Classical Opera", and was officially named as Yongjiang Opera in May of 1950. Yongxi is good at performing operas, modern operas and modern operas, with delicate performances, rich local characteristics in language and singing, content that adapts to citizens' ideological interests and strong local flavor. ?
Yao Ju
Yao Ju originated in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (1736 ~ 1795). Mainly popular in Yuyao, Cixi, Shangyu, Shaoxing and other places. Local farmers and craftsmen organize class performances in their spare time, which are called "Lantern Festival", "Lantern Opera", "Crosstalk", "Flower Drum" and "Ying Ge Class". During Guangxu period (1875 ~ 1908), some artists went to Shanghai to perform. Influenced by operas in southern Jiangsu and other places, it was named "Yuyao Tanquan". Its main features are simple, rough and natural performances, vivid and powerful movements, and the dialogue uses a gag language of life. 1953, some artists formed "Yuyao Beach Spring Troupe", 1956 developed into a troupe, which was officially named "Yao Ju". ?
Ninghai pingdiao
Ninghai Pingdiao Ninghai County Local Opera. It began in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Mainly distributed in Ninghai, Xiangshan, Sanmen, Tiantai, Fenghua and other places. Its vocal characteristics, performance and accompaniment techniques are similar to those of Xinchang treble, and its tone is high and beautiful, and it sings with many people. The dialogue is mainly in Ninghai Mandarin with elegant words. They are all actors, and only after the 1950s did men and women co-star. There are nearly 100 plays, the main content of which is to oppose feudal ethics, eliminate violence and calm people's hearts. ?
Siming south temple
Siming Nanci, also known as Siming Literature, belongs to Tanci. Mainly popular in eastern Zhejiang, it developed from folk tunes and reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty. Generally, singing is performed in the form of a hall meeting. When playing and singing, most of them are three people in a file. The commonly used musical instruments are sanxian and dulcimer, supplemented by pipa and erhu. There are five kinds of lyrics, namely, tune, intonation, Fuzheng, Pinghu and Tight Pinghu, commonly known as "Five Stigmas". ?
Ningbo Zoushu
Ningbo Shushu is also called Ploughshare Document and Lotus Document. Mainly spread in Ningbo, Zhoushan and Taizhou. It first appeared in Echo, when tenant farmers were farming. Tunes and instruments are very simple. During the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, the commonly used tunes developed into four tones, horsehead tune and fu tune, commonly known as "Old Sanmen". Later, Hu Qin, Er Hu, Qin Yue, Pipa, Sanxian and other musical instruments accompanied him. Among them, the four-stringed huqin is the unique feature of walking book music. At the same time, the form of singing has also developed from sitting to performing, with a large range of movements, hence the name "Ningbo Walking Books". ?
Big-head monk dance.
Big-head monk dance dance is widely spread in the suburbs of Ningbo and Yinxian. In the past, during the Spring Festival, the folk dance "big-head monk dance Dance" went from village to village in the name of "Taiping Club" to congratulate the New Year and pray for disaster relief. The performance is to put a paper big-head monk dance dance deformation mask on the head, and two posters will lead the way from house to house and say auspicious words. After paying the money, the householder will put a New Year sticker on the door and then perform a dance. Mechanical movements, humor, unique rhythm of gongs and drums, full of joy. ?
dragon dance
Dragon dance is one of the most popular folk dances in Ningbo. Many rural areas in Ningbo have Longtan, and farmers have always had the custom of dancing dragons to pray for good weather and bumper harvests, which are common in games to greet gods and various temple fairs. Ningbo dragons are colorful and varied, including Bulong, Embroidered Dragon, Shuanglong Panzhu, Knotted Dragon, Duanwei Ba Long, Xiaolong and Caolong. Generally, there are 9 sections, 12, and many sections are 18 and 24. Now, as a mass entertainment activity, they often perform collectively in the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival and celebrations. Fenghua Tizhai Village Dragon Dance has participated in the whole province for many times. ?
lion dance
Lion dance is popular in Ninghai County, Ningbo City. Generally, in the first month of the summer calendar or Buddhist festivals, dozens of farmers organize classes and take turns to dance lions in villages to show respect for their ancestors and ward off evil spirits. Lion dance includes solo dance, duet dance and group dance, with three lions dancing together, one male and one female, beating gongs and drums while jumping. The most wonderful performance is "grabbing five lights", that is, putting lights in the middle and four corners of the venue, with lions dancing, kicking, biting and grabbing lights in the middle, surrounded by onlookers. ?
Bone wood inlay
Traditional bone-wood mosaic technology. Its history can be traced back to the Sui and Tang Dynasties more than 1000 years ago, and the bone and wood inlay in the Ming Dynasty was mainly used for furniture carving. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Ningbo's bone and wood mosaic technology was famous for its unique local style and exquisite skills, and was listed as a "tribute". The manufacturing methods are divided into high inlay, flat inlay and mixed inlay. High inlay uses ivory, boxwood, bamboo yellow, wax stone and so on as raw materials for surface decoration, and is embedded in the wood blank after sawing. Plane inlay is made of ivory, bone chips, Luodian, sawdust, etc. , according to the pattern on the drawing embedded in the wood blank, and then hook with a carving knife. Mosaic composition can be divided into "Danqing painting" and "antique painting". The former is similar to genre painting in Ming and Qing Dynasties, while the latter is similar to Han painting. Its content is to express auspiciousness, longevity and wealth, with figures, Bo Gu and landscape flowers and birds as the theme. Products include beds, chairs, kitchens, etc. ?
Zhu Jin woodcarving
Traditional craft of wood carving in Zhu Jin. Also known as lacquer gold woodcarving. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the craft production had reached a higher level. On the basis of wood carving products, it looks magnificent with vermilion as the bottom and gold as the decoration. Wood carving uses high-quality wood such as camphor wood, basswood, ginkgo, etc. According to different objects, it is carved in relief, through carving and round carving. The theme is mostly based on drama stories, with simple and vivid modeling and profound knife skills. Some are exquisite and realistic, and some are rough. Zhu Jin woodcarving is mainly used in temples, temples, ancestral halls and other buildings, as well as wooden beds, sedan chairs and other large furniture and statues. ?
Nijincai lacquer
Traditional Tao Jin painting techniques. The history of lacquer ware in Ningbo can be traced back to Hemudu culture 7000 years ago, and the name of "clay gold" began in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Its practice is to grind gold foil into powder, mix it with paint, or coat or fill it. Lacquerware is mainly made of wooden tires, but also made of bamboo chips and bamboo braids. Cinnabar and black are the basic colors of lacquerware. There are three traditional methods to make decorative patterns: sink lines in transparent paint film, plain lines on the surface of paint film, and floating lines embedded on the surface of paint film. Floating lines technology is a representative technique in traditional crafts of Ningbo lacquerware. The decoration of lacquerware is mainly made of gold, such as tracing gold, pasting gold, piling gold, chasing gold, opening gold and Ping Jin. The themes are flowers and birds, scenic figures and auspicious patterns. ?
Gold and silver embroidery
Gold and silver colored embroidery, also known as "antique", is a fine product in traditional embroidery. Ning embroidery, Xiang embroidery, Su embroidery, Jing embroidery, Yue embroidery and Shu embroidery are called the six famous embroideries in China. Gold and silver color embroidery takes all kinds of silk fabrics as raw materials, and is made of gold thread and silver thread around color embroidery and plain embroidery patterns. Antique, magnificent. The background color is mainly dark, mainly dark red, dark blue, dark green, dark black, rust red, brown and so on. The production process can be divided into three categories: net embroidery, gold embroidery and gold embroidery. The theme is dragons and phoenixes, flowers and beautiful birds. Mainly used for embroidered clothes, cushions, tablecloths, bedspreads, soft bags and other daily necessities. ?
Ningbo straw mat
Ningbo straw mat was called Ming mat in ancient times (Ningbo was called Mingzhou in ancient times) and Yong mat (Ningbo for short), commonly known as "slider" and "mat". It is made of mat grass rich in Huanggulin, Xixiang, Ningbo, with white hemp or green hemp as warp. Ningbo straw mat is precise in texture, thick and brittle, rigid and elastic, soft and slippery, capable of dissipating heat and cooling, convenient to collect and durable, and can be used for bedding, packaging and hanging doors and windows. ?
Ningbo straw hat
Ningbo straw hats in the western suburbs of Ningbo and in the rural areas of Cixi, Yinxian and Yuyao, many women are good at weaving straw hats, which are often used as family sideline. The golden straw hat woven in Changhe Township, Cixi, the hometown of straw weaving, is the best, as light as a cloud, as bright as snow, beautiful and practical. After bleaching, dyeing, embroidery and decoration, it can be matched with fashion, which is not only a practical sunshade, but also a decorative handicraft. According to the raw materials, there are many kinds of straw hats 10, such as golden silk, wheat straw, Vitca, salty grass, mat grass, Chinese alpine rush, yellow grass, cockscomb grass, papyrus, day lily leaves, Lefebner grass, etc. The annual output exceeds 20 million. Except for more than 5 million straw hats, most of them are semi-finished products, and the hats are designed and matched according to popular clothes abroad. ?
Ningbo bamboo weaving
Ningbo Bamboo Weaving Ningbo is the hometown of bamboo weaving, and Siming Mountain is rich in bamboo. Historically, bamboo was used to weave all kinds of simple and practical baskets, reeds, reeds, baskets and cages. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the examination baskets and vegetable baskets of people from the south of the Yangtze River who came to Beijing to take exams were all made of bamboo. Now there are dozens of village-run bamboo weaving factories in Yinxian, Fenghua and Yuyao mountainous areas. Workers make good use of silk and wood chips to skillfully weave all kinds of cool and interesting animals, and combine them with traditional cans, baskets, boxes and plates to make chicken cans, duck plates and saucers. ?
Dragon Boat Racing
Dragon boat racing is a folk custom in water towns. The dragon boat race in Ningbo is usually held on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month and the sixteenth of August every year. The former is said to be the day when Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet of Chu and a doctor from San Lv, threw himself into the river and rowed a dragon boat, indicating that people were scrambling for rescue. The latter is the Mid-Autumn Festival in Ningbo. Dragon boat racing can not only hold temple fairs, but also increase the entertainment atmosphere of festivals. In the old days, the dragon boat race in Ningbo was mainly held in Tanghe, east of Zhangbin Bridge in Jiangdong, and Dongqian Lake in Yinxian County was the most famous. Dragon boats are divided into Qinglong, Huanglong and Bailong. The dragon (boat) held its head high, and the rower's clothes were the same color as the boat. A man stood in front of the boat, and the dragon boat fired at the sound of a gong. The sound of gongs and drums is endless with the shouts of people watching on the shore. The scene was very enthusiastic, and the first person to reach the finish line won. ?
Liang Shanbo's Zhu Yingtai Story
Zhu Yingtai's story of Liang Shanbo is a folk legend in Liang Zhu, which was first seen in the book "Golden Deer" in the period of Emperor Liang Yuan in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the late Tang dynasty, it was described in more detail: in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhu's daughter went to Shangyu to be a Taiwanese, disguised as a man to study, and worked with Huiji for three years. After returning to China first, I visited Zhujiajian the next year, only to know that she was a woman. The Central Committee sent someone to apply, but Zhu had promised Ma. Weber in Houshan? County magistrate, diligent and loving the people, died in office and was buried in? Chengxi Township. After Zhu Yingtai passed the tomb of Shanbo, he burst into tears and the tomb opened. I would like to jump into Liang's grave and be buried with him. In the Song Dynasty, there is a record of "Funeral of Adoptive Daughter" and the story of Liang Zhu. Now there are Liang Zhu's Tomb and Liangshanbo Temple in Xixiang, Ningbo and Gao Qiao, Yinxian. There is a proverb in Ningbo, "Husband and wife want to grow old together, and Liangshanbo Temple will arrive". Now, Liang Zhu's stories are spread in various artistic forms, such as movies, dramas and Quyi, covering a wide range, involving more than a dozen provinces such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hebei and Shanxi, and spread to European and American countries, known as Romeo and Juliet in the East. China has nine tombs of Liang Zhu and five places to study, but there is only one Liangshanbo Temple. ?
Mid-Autumn Festival on August 16th.
Mid-Autumn Festival on August 16th Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated all over China on August 15th of the lunar calendar, but it is the 16th in Ningbo. There are two reasons for this: one is that Zuo Cheng of Jiangsu and Zhejiang and Fang Guozhen of Taiwei changed it on their birthdays at the end of Yuan Dynasty; It is said that Shi Hao, the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty and a native of Yinxian, changed his life because his mother's birthday was 16. Qing Yuan Jun's "?" Northern Miscellaneous Poems? NB04 1？ The peak longevity mother is easy to stay in the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the custom stays for 700 years. From then on, it was not the time to race, and every family watched the dragon boat at the age of sixteen. Every Mid-Autumn Festival, families get together, catch up, watch dragon boats, eat moon cakes and give each other gifts. Ningbo moon cakes have a unique flavor because of their thick moss and long water. ?
Ningbo cuisine
Ningbo cuisine Ningbo is located on the coast of the East China Sea, and its seafood is famous at home and abroad. Known for steaming, roasting and stewing seafood, it is unique, light in form, heavy in taste, fresh and salty. People in Ningbo nicknamed it "Xia Fan". Cooking is mainly based on steaming and stewing, with special emphasis on temperature and knife cutting, and great emphasis on color, fragrance and taste. The top ten famous dishes in Ningbo are rock sugar soft-shelled turtle, braised eel in boneless pot, roasted small square with laver, yellow croaker with laver skin, goose liver wrapped in pure oil, steamed pork with lotus leaf powder, yellow croaker and sea cucumber soup, and five-color fried whole yellow croaker with eel back. In particular, rock sugar soft-shelled turtle and pot-cooked eel are the most famous traditional dishes in Ningbo. ?
Qiuai pickles
Qiu 'ai pickles are a specialty of Ningbo. Rich in Qiu 'ai Town, dongxiang county, Yinxian County, it is pickled with potherb. Potherb mustard is planted in winter and harvested in spring, and the curing season is staggered according to the salt content. Qiu 'ai pickles are the color of Huang Liang, fragrant, tender, fresh and slightly sour. They can stimulate body fluid and stimulate appetite, and can be fried, boiled, roasted, stewed, steamed, mixed with raw materials, served as side dishes, made into soup and stuffing. Cooking ingredients can relieve the fishy smell and remove greasy food. "Yellow croaker with pickles" is a famous dish in Ningbo. As the saying goes, "if you don't eat kimchi soup for three days, your legs will be sour." Qiu 'ai pickles have a history of nearly a hundred years. In recent years, Qiu 'ai vacuum packaging food factory has improved the sanitary equipment and fresh-keeping storage of kimchi, making kimchi sell well at home and abroad. ?
Ningbo lard dumplings
Ningbo lard dumplings Ningbo people celebrate the Spring Festival and have the custom of eating lard dumplings. On the first day of the first month, every household eats jiaozi, and jiaozi is round, symbolizing reunion. Ningbo glutinous rice balls are thin and smooth, white and bright in color, waxy but not sticky, filled at the entrance, spicy and sweet, and have their own characteristics. There are "Ningbo Tangtuan Store" and "Gangya Dog Tangtuan Store" in downtown Ningbo. In recent years, frozen Ningbo lard dumplings have been exported to Hong Kong, Macao and all over Europe. ?
Layer cake
Xikou Melaleuca Cake is a specialty of Ningbo. The ingredients are strict, white sesame, winter moss, local wheat flour, sugar and oil are mixed in proportion, and the baking temperature should be moderate, crisp but not burnt, with 27 layers per cake. Crispy, salty and sweet, full of flavor. ?
Myrica rubra in Yuyao
Yuyao Yangmei Ningbo specialty. The meat is soft, sweet and mellow, shaped like pearls and colored like agate. There are four categories: white, pink, red and black, and black water chestnut is the best, which is named because it is purple-black when mature and looks like water chestnut. Myrica rubra has a short season, the early red species ripens first in early summer, and the white crystal Myrica rubra is in the market at the latest, commonly known as "Myrica rubra is full of red from summer to the sun, and Myrica rubra will produce insects in summer". Myrica rubra is lovely in appearance, delicious in juice and sweet as honey. As a fresh fruit, it has many varieties. After processing, there are candied dried bayberry, bayberry beverage, bayberry sauce, bayberry syrup and so on. Myrica rubra juice has the functions of promoting fluid production to quench thirst and dispel summer heat, and Myrica rubra shochu is a good summer heat product. Yuyao Yangmei is one of the famous, special, excellent and rare commodity bases invested and built by the Ministry of Agriculture during the Seventh Five-Year Plan period, and Cixi is also an important production area of Yangmei. ?
Fritillaria thunbergii
Ningbo specialty Fritillaria thunbergii. It is a kind of Fritillaria, named "Zhebei" because it is produced in Zhejiang, also known as big shellfish. Originated in Xiangshan, it is a famous economic specialty and precious Chinese herbal medicine in Yinxian County, Ningbo City, also known as "Xiangbei", which is one of the "eight flavors of Zhejiang". Fritillaria is slightly cold and bitter. It is mainly used for treating typhoid fever, cough, ascending qi, calming five internal organs, benefiting bone marrow, diminishing inflammation, moistening heart and lung, diminishing inflammation and swelling, and treating hemorrhoids and carbuncle. Zhang Cun area in Yinxian county is relatively rich. Planting in the second half of the year and harvesting in May of the following year. Yinjiang Bridge in Yinxian County accounts for 70% of the whole Zhejiang Province, and is known as the "hometown of shellfish in Zhejiang".