The characteristics of Song Ci are: it is a new style poem that can be played together and pays attention to meter. It includes three elements: Yan music, folk songs and modern poetic meter. It is a new style with strong musicality, beautiful rhythm and strong flavor of life. Ci is closely related to poetry, which can be divided into two schools: bold and graceful.
Features of Yuanqu: There are different lyrics and songs in different periods, with more political, cultural and artistic colors. In a specific period, the political color is particularly prominent. Lyrics and songs are not limited in form, and there is no strict metrical requirement for basic points.
Poetry is elegant, words are charming, and songs are harmonious-words have epigrams and songs have qupai, which is the most basic judgment. It should be said that this is the product of different stages of development and different social backgrounds.
There are various forms of Tang poetry. There are basically two kinds of ancient poems in Tang Dynasty: five-character poems and seven-character poems. There are also two kinds of modern poems, one is called quatrains, and the other is called metrical poems. Quatrains and metrical poems are five words and seven words respectively. Therefore, there are basically six basic forms of Tang poetry: five-character archaic poetry, seven-character archaic poetry, five-character quatrains, seven-character quatrains, five-character rhythmic poems and seven-character rhythmic poems. Classical poetry has a wide range of requirements for rhyme and meter: in a poem, the number of sentences can be more or less, the chapters can be long or short, and the rhyme can be changed. Modern poetry has strict requirements on rhyme and meter: the number of sentences in a poem is limited, that is, four-line quatrains and eight-line meter poems. The words used in each poem have certain rules, and the rhyme cannot be changed; Rhyme also requires that the middle four sentences become antithesis. The style of ancient poetry is handed down from the previous generation, so it is also called ancient style. Modern poetry has strict rules, so some people call it metrical poetry.
The forms and styles of Tang poetry are colorful and innovative. It not only inherited the tradition of Han and Wei folk songs and Yuefu, but also greatly developed the singing style. It not only inherited the five-character or seven-character ancient poems of the previous generation, but also developed into a long and huge system of narrative romance; It not only expanded the use of five-character and seven-character styles, but also created modern poems with particularly beautiful and neat styles. Modern poetry was a new style of poetry at that time, and its emergence and maturity was an important event in the history of Tang poetry development. It pushed the artistic features of China's ancient poems with harmonious syllables and refined words to an unprecedented height, and found a typical form for ancient lyric poetry, which has been especially loved by people so far. However, the metrical poems in modern poetry are easy to be bound because of their strict metrical restrictions, which is a major defect brought by their advantages.
Song ci is another literary school after Tang poetry, which is basically divided into two categories: graceful school and wild school.
Representatives of graceful and restrained school: Li Yu, queen of Southern Tang Dynasty, and Li Qingzhao, poetess of Song Dynasty.
Representatives of the uninhibited school: Xin Qiji, Yue Fei, etc.
Song Ci is a brilliant diamond in the crown of China ancient literature. In the ancient literature of Yuen Long, it is a fragrant and gorgeous garden. With colorful and changeable spirit, she competes with Tang poetry and Yuanqu, which has always been said to be the best with Tang poetry and represents the victory of a generation of literature. It not only draws nutrition from The Book of Songs, Songs of the South and the poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, but also conveys organic elements to the operas and novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Until today, she is still edifying people's sentiments and bringing us high artistic enjoyment.
In the early days, ci was very flashy and popular in street restaurants. For example, Liu Yong offended the emperor at that time because he wrote "and changed his name to shallow singing", and he was depressed and frustrated. He wandered between karaoke bars and brothels all his life, writing lyrics for prostitutes. As the saying goes, "Where there is well water to drink, there must be Liu Ci", so that a prime minister in the Song Dynasty (whose name I can't remember) seems to deny that he wrote all the words he wrote before. As we all know, there were many prostitutes in the Song Dynasty, and their level was rare in other dynasties. Together with the literati of the Song Dynasty, they formed the hedonism and vanity culture of the Song Dynasty.
When a dynasty or a country is strong, it means paying equal attention to literature and quality. Here, the article refers to the style of writing or the atmosphere of a society. We know that if a person specializes in reading and learning knowledge, he must be divorced from productive labor and cannot go to war. This was called "cultivating scholars" in the Song Dynasty. After stereotyped writing was established, scholars from all over the world came to drill this thing to gain fame and fortune. To rebel, the more "literary style" a country has, the fewer people will do practical things, and there will be problems in this country. Many people have written poems in the past dynasties, and Song poetry is also very famous. Why is the quatrains named after Tang? Even if the Tang poetry praises the romantic scenery, it also has a simple beauty, revealing the simplicity, roughness and magnificence of this nation, while the Song poetry is more pretentious and exaggerated. If a country's culture promotes the development of this country, then it is strong and vital.
In the theory of evolution and history, there is never a "if" or "hypothesis", only a cruel reality. As a result, the Song Dynasty was wiped out by barbarians, and the degradation of the personality of the literati group began to show signs from this helpful society.
Yuanqu is a wonderful flower in the splendid cultural treasure house of the Chinese nation, which embodies its unique characteristics in ideological content and artistic achievements and has become three important milestones in the history of China literature.
Yuanqu originated from the so-called "Fanqu" and "Le Hu" and was first circulated among the people, and was called "Street Tune" or "Village Square Minor".
With the destruction of Song Dynasty in Yuan Dynasty, it spread in the vast areas of north and south, centering on Dadu (now Beijing) and Lin 'an (now Hangzhou).
Yuanqu has strict metrical formula, and each qupai has fixed format requirements in sentence pattern, word number, level tone and so on. However, although there is a fixed frame, it is not rigid. Inserts are allowed in the fixed frame, and some qupai can be added with sentences. Therefore, readers can find that two songs with the same "Qupai" sometimes have different words, which is the reason (the one with the least words in the same Qupai is the standard frame).
Compared with quatrains and Song Ci, it is more flexible.
Yuanqu combines traditional poetry, folk songs and dialects, forming a humorous and free-and-easy artistic style, which has a very important impact on the innovative development of Ci.
Yuanqu is another literary prosperity after Tang poetry and Song poetry, which has unique charm: on the one hand, Yuanqu inherits the beauty and grace of poetry; On the one hand, in the Yuan Dynasty, the soldiers and soldiers were placed in the position of "eight prostitutes, nine men and ten beggars", and the political monopoly and social darkness made Song Yuan radiate extremely dazzling fighting brilliance and reveal rebellious feelings; Sharp-edged pointed at the drawbacks of society, denounced the society that "not reading is the highest, illiteracy is the best, and people who are not sensible are bragging", and pointed at the world trend that "everyone is embarrassed to live, and no one can see the money". The works describing love in Yuan Qu are also more inflammatory and bold than the poems of past dynasties. All these are enough to keep the artistic charm of Yuanqu forever.
But in contrast, the spread of Yuanqu is by no means as wide as that of Tang poetry and Song poetry. This is because people are not familiar with the style of Yuanqu. Here is a brief introduction.
Yuanqu can be divided into zaju and Sanqu. There are several sets of Sanqu, and poetry takes the difference between songs.
In ancient music in China, the mode is called Gongdiao. The Gongdiao of the song originated from Yan Yue in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The four strings of pipa are defined as Gong, Shang, Jiao and Yu, and each string constitutes seven tones. The seven tones of Gongdiao are called Gong, and the rest are all in tune, resulting in 28 Gongdiao. However, there are only twelve kinds of Yuan songs commonly used, namely, Lv Xian Palace, Lu Nan Palace, Huangzhong Palace, Gong Zheng, Dashi Tune, Xiaoshi Tune, Jiangjunguan Tune, Upward Tune, Upper Corner Tune, Double Tune and Yue Tune. Each gong tune has its own musical style, so there is often a certain habit in choosing the tune. For example, Wang Jide said in Qu Lv: "If you use Gongdiao, you must talk about the joys and sorrows of things. If you are traveling, use Lv Xian and Double Carving. " Mourning music includes Shang and Yue tunes. It's easy to be emotional. "
Every palace tune has a different tune. The number of sets consists of more than two different tunes of Monday Palace Tune.