The cold smoke is light and hazy, and Qinhuai will break the canopy tonight.
Wild geese stay away from wine and fire, while crows stay away from the wind.
The king's air waves are urgent, and the Mid-Autumn Festival in the mountains is empty.
The six generations of elves have never met, so they should consider it in the middle of the month.
order
Sleeping in Jinling is a seven-character poem written by Luo Yin, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. This poem selects images such as "declining bush", "broken eaves", "living geese" and "disorderly crows" to connect the poet's sad life experiences, describe a picture of Jinling's autumn harvest, express the poet's feelings about the ups and downs of history, and reflect his personal sadness in the ruin of mountains and rivers. Natural images, personnel images and fantasy images are intertwined in the poem, creating a sad artistic conception of the whole poem.
To annotate ...
⑴ Jinling: the name of an ancient city. Today's nickname is Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. In the seventh year of the Warring States Period (333 BC), after the defeat of Chu Weiwang, Jinling City was established in Liang Qing (Shicheng Mountain) in Nanjing. Tang Li Bai's Song of Jinling Farewell to Fan Xuan: "How magnificent Jinling was in the past, sweeping the heroic world."
⑵ lightness: lightness. Lian: one is "haze" and the other is "rain" Declining shrub: a declining shrub.
⑶ Qinhuai: River name. It flows through Nanjing and is one of the scenic spots in Nanjing. According to legend, when Qin Shihuang visited Longzangpu in the south, he found that there was a kingly way, so he chiseled Fangshan and cut a long ridge into the river to let the kingly way out, hence the name Qinhuai. Tang Du Mu's poem Bo Qinhuai said: "The smoke cage is full of sand in the cold moon, and the night is near Qinhuai restaurant." Broken canopy: like a flying canopy, it is a metaphor for drifting. This refers to the boat. Wang Tangzhihuan's poem "Farewell on the 9 th" said: "I will drink Fang Ju wine for the time being, and I will rest tomorrow."
(4) Wild goose: a kind of "bird". Selling wine: selling wine. Han's Theory of Salt and Iron: "The ancients cooked without porridge and did not eat in the market. And then there was Butu, who sold salted fish in the wine market. "
5] Wang Qi: In the past, it meant the auspicious spirit symbolizing the emperor's luck. "History of Emperor Guangwu in the East View of Han Dynasty": "Those who watch the sky say that there is joy in Fuling City, saying' majestic and lush'." "
(6) Six Dynasties: Wu Dong, Jin Dong, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Nan Dynasties, all of which were based in Jiankang (Jinling), and were named after the records of these six dynasties in Jiankang Annals by Waai, a Tang Dynasty. Six: one is "number". Elf: Elf gas. Refers to dignitaries. The Tang poem "Looking at the Sixteen History of Chen" says: "Jing Heng's qi is biased, and Jianghan's flow is not limited; There are many elves here, and sometimes they are talented. "
(7) consider: consider; Think about it. "The Book of Jin Wang Bao Biography": "It's meaningful to know before and feel later, so don't think too much."
translate
Cold smoke enveloped the fallen trees, and drifting ships went to the bank of Qinhuai River tonight. Night fires in several hotels startled the wild geese at the water's edge; The sail fell and the faint crow flew away screaming. The swaying trunk on the mountain seems to be listening to the sound of the waves carrying the spirit of the king of Jinling for 300 years and disappearing into the distant night sky. Where have all the six generations who once lived by the Qinhuai River gone? I think it should be in this cold moonlight.
Distinguish and appreciate
Jinling, the imperial capital of the Six Dynasties, once staged a historical tragicomedy, and the Qinhuai River, which runs through the city, is a witness to these historical changes. In the late Tang Dynasty, the Qinhuai River, once known for its six generations of luxury, showed a bleak and bleak scene after the war. On a foggy autumn night, Luo Yin, the top ten poet, preached the feudal lords, made people do things, and visited Qinhuai. Seeing the current decline, the feeling of white clouds and pale dogs came to life. He wrote this sad poem to mourn the past and the present.
Cold smoke, thin haze and fading bushes, the poem begins with sad ink and depicts a bleak autumn picture of Qinhuai. On this melancholy and sad night, a tourist boat slowly leans towards the river bank. The first couplet pointed out the poem "Sleeping in Jinling at night" in the narrative of scenery writing. Among them, the word "broken eaves" is used skillfully The canopy in autumn is broken, drifting with the wind, coming and going everywhere, which is a metaphor for the poet's involuntary wandering life. The sound of "Peng" is the same as that of the tent, which means to stay in the tent, that is, to dock the ship. Therefore, the word "Peng" is used to kill two birds with one stone, which is both narrative and emotional, with rich images.
The two couplets in the middle are about what I saw and heard in Qinhuai night. At the beginning of the night, the night fires of several hotels that had just been lit on the river bank woke up the wild geese living in the grass by the water, and there were bursts of piercing calls and the sound of birds flapping their wings. When the tourist boat docked and the sail fell, the black crow hovering around the mast screamed and flew high, trying to escape. In this silent autumn night, the sound of the waves in the distant river is particularly clear and urgent. On the mountain covered by autumn shade, the fallen tree trunk stretches out into the hazy night sky alone, as if listening to the rushing sound of the waves carrying the 300-year-old king of Jinling and disappearing into the distant night sky. Faced with this situation, the poet was filled with emotion: Ah, the Qinhuai River, which once sang songs and was brightly lit all night, has now become the world of western Western jackdaw! Qinhuai River! Qinhuai River, since ancient times, you have used this majestic Jinling to look at the vicissitudes of the world. Where are the six generations who have been by your side all your life? It is difficult for people to find their traces in the noisy sunshine during the day. I think, in this cold moonlight, their souls are with you, listening to the lonely tide beating against the empty city in front of you and staring at the moonlight-filled earth.
In this land of Jinling, many excellent nostalgic works have appeared. Liu Yuxi's "Looking Back at Jinling" and Du Mu's "Sleeping at Qinhuai" have been sung through the ages. These works integrate the poet's worries and the lament of his motherland into the landscape of Jinling and stay with Jinling. Luo Yin's Sleepover in Jinling is influenced by the style of the previous generation of poets, but it can rank behind Liu Yuxi's Stone City and become the elite of Jinling ancient poetry. Bai Juyi called it a "poet without echo". This not only stems from the famous sentence "Six generations of elves don't see, but think under the moonlight", but also from the personality trait of "Luo Yin's life", that is, ". Because Luo is invisible in the last days, he has a deep sense of ups and downs in history; It is precisely because he is in the chaotic times of warlord melee and shuddering that his sense of life value is even stronger; And because his life is rough, he is uncomfortable and jealous, so he has a deeper understanding of the bleak life. These feelings, full of human sorrow, are integrated into the poetic images, which makes the artistic conception of the whole poem sad and sad.
The poet chose some images that may have isomorphic relationship with his sad life experience to express his feeling of being down and out. Under the control of such a creative thought, Jinling, which was once prosperous and rich, appeared in his poems, where Leng Yue was cold, smoky, empty and steep, covered with hay and gathered geese and crows. In the night sky, the undead of the Six Dynasties were crying for their tragic fate. The interweaving of natural images, personnel images and fantasy images reflects the poet's tragic mentality.
Luo Yin's poems are full of satire, but in the bitter satire and strong criticism, there are also all kinds of sadness and worries in troubled times. It can be said that he is a satirical poet or a sentimental poet, and this poem can prove it.