the Tang Dynasty
Du Mu
In the autumn night, candlelight reflected the screen, and Fan slapped the fireflies with his hand.
Day and night are as cool as water. Sit and watch the morning glory and Vega.
The whole poetry is: there are silver candles in the palace, and Qiu Guang painted a cold screen; The maid-in-waiting shook her lightsome fan and chased the fireflies. When the clouds above are like steps and the night is as cold as water, she lies alone watching the morning glory and Vega on the Milky Way.
Literary appreciation
This poem is about the lonely life and desolate mood of frustrated maids.
The first two sentences have painted a picture of life in the palace. On an autumn night, the silvery white candle gives off a faint light, adding a dim and cold tone to the picture on the screen. At this time, a lonely maid-in-waiting was flapping the flying fireflies with a small fan. This sentence is very implicit and contains three meanings: first, the ancients said that rotten grass turned into fireflies. Although unscientific, fireflies were always born in those desolate places between grass graves. Nowadays, there are fireflies flying in the courtyard where maids live, and the bleak life of maids can be imagined. Secondly, we can imagine the loneliness and boredom of the maid-in-waiting from her flapping fireflies. With nothing to do, she had to release fireflies to amuse her lonely years. She slapped the firefly with a small fan, and suddenly seemed to want to drive away the loneliness and loneliness that surrounded her, but it was useless. Thirdly, the small fan in the hand of the maid-in-waiting is symbolic. Fans were originally used for cooling in summer, but they are useless in autumn. Therefore, autumn fans are often used as a metaphor for abandoning wives in ancient poems. According to legend, Ban Jieyu, the princess of Emperor Han, was once demoted by Zhao Yanfei. After falling out of favor, she lived in Changxin Palace and wrote a poem "Li Sao": "The new Soviet Union is as bright as frost and snow. Cut into acacia fans, round like the bright moon. In and out of your arms, shaking the breeze. I am often afraid that the autumn festival will come and the cold will seize the heat. Abandon donations, and be kind. " This statement may not be credible, but when there are round fans and autumn fans in poetry, they are often associated with women who have fallen out of favor. For example, Wang Changling's Poem of Long Letters in Autumn: "Give a broom to open the Golden Palace and make a round fan wander", and Wang Jian's "Teasing in the Palace": "A round fan, a round fan, a beauty's illness covers her face" are all the same. In this poem, the "small fan" also symbolizes the fate of the maid-in-waiting who holds the fan being abandoned.
The third sentence, "the day is sequential and the night is as cool as water." "Day steps" refer to the stone steps in the palace. "The night is as cold as water" means that the night is deep and the chill attacks people. It's time to go into the house and sleep. But the maid-in-waiting still sat on the stone steps, looking up at the Altair and Vega on both sides of the Tianhe River. According to folklore, the Weaver Girl is the granddaughter of the Emperor of Heaven. She marries the cow and petunia and meets him once a year when crossing the river on Qixi, with a magpie as the bridge. The "distant Altair" in Nineteen Ancient Poems of Han Dynasty is to write their stories. The maid-in-waiting watched Penny Weaver for a long time and didn't want to sleep at night, because the story of Penny Weaver touched her heart, reminded her of her unfortunate life experience and made her yearn for sincere love. It can be said that it is full of worries and expectations.
Mei Yu Sheng said: "It is bound to be difficult to write. If there are endless opinions at present, it would be best at that time." (See Poem on June 1st) These two sentences just illustrate the artistic features of this poem. One or three sentences describe the scenery and present the scenery of the deep palace autumn night to the readers very realistically. The word "cold", as an adjective used in verbs, is full of atmosphere. The metaphor of "cool as water" has not only color, but also temperature. Two or four sentences about ladies-in-waiting are implicit and intriguing. Although there is not a lyric in the poem, the complex feelings of the ladies-in-waiting intertwined with sorrow and expectation are beyond words, which reflects the tragic fate of women in feudal times from one side.
This poem is about the loneliness and bitterness of a frustrated girl's life. The first sentence is about autumn scenery, and the word "cold" is used, which implies the crisp atmosphere in autumn and shows the inner loneliness of the hero. Write two sentences to kill time and relieve depression by flapping fireflies. Three words: I can't sleep at night, waiting for good luck, taking the street as water to compare your love as ice. In the last sentence, I admire the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl to express my grief.