12, metonymy; Do not directly say the original name of the person or thing to be said, but borrow the name of the person or thing closely related to the person or thing instead. Through metonymy, we can highlight the characteristics of the object, arouse readers' association and impress them deeply. For example, Li He's "South Garden": Why don't men invite you to Lingyan Pavilion in fifty states of Guanshan for a while? If the literati "Wu Gou" is a kind of bend produced by the ancient Wu Dynasty.
13. Duality: Duality, also known as duality, refers to the symmetrical arrangement of two sentences or phrases with equal or roughly equal words, the same or similar structure and related meanings. Duality can make the meaning expressed more fully and clearly; It makes the melody appear cadence, clear rhythm and harmonious. Structurally, duality can be divided into strict pair and wide pair. Strict matching requires that the upper and lower sentences have the same number of words, the same structure, the same part of speech and the same level, and words cannot be used repeatedly, such as "However, China holds our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor", "Leaves fall like the waves of a waterfall, and I always watch the long river roll forward". The former is five or six sentences in the five-character rhyme, and the latter is seven sentences. Four sentences and the third sentence (five or six sentences) must be antithetical sentences. These two cases fully meet the requirements of strict matching, with neat form, harmonious rhythm, cadence and catchiness. The metrical poems in China's classical poems pay attention to the balance of words and sentences, so they are more rigorous. The lenient requirements are not so strict. Generosity is not used in metrical poems, but in prose and parallel prose. The meanings of the upper and lower sentences are the same, similar or complementary. For example, "two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky." The window contains the autumn snow in Xiling, at the entrance of the boating in Wan Li, Wu Dong. " The two antitheses complement each other and describe the scenery of the thatched cottage observed from the interior. Objection, the meaning of the upper and lower sentences is opposite or relative. For example, "Mei Xuxun's snow is three points white, and the snow will lose a plum fragrance." Conditions and other relationships), such as "But you broadened your horizons by going up a flight of stairs for 300 miles", "Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south, and then go north-to my own town!" . The former is a hypothetical relationship connection, and the latter is an inheritance relationship.
14, exaggeration: deliberately exaggerating or narrowing a certain feature or character of the performance object to enhance the expressive force of the text. Exaggeration can strongly express the author's emotional attitude towards the person or thing he wants to express, or praise or derogate, or affirm or deny, thus causing strong * * * voices from readers. It can also arouse people's association and imagination, which is conducive to revealing the essence of things. For example, preschool children will recite Li Bai's Looking at Lushan Waterfall.
15, inhibition: Say the negative side and the positive side at the same time, and only emphasize one side to achieve the purpose of inhibiting one side and promoting the other. According to the form, inhibition can be divided into two types: first inhibition and then promotion. For example, in Li Shangyin's "Jia Sheng: The Propaganda Room Asks for the Sage to Visit the Minister", Jia Sheng's tone is even more incoherent. It seems to enthusiastically praise Wendy's thirst for sages, open-minded attitude and admiration for Jia Sheng. But after reading the last two sentences, I suddenly realized that the original intention of earnestly seeking wisdom, humbly seeking advice and even "sitting in the middle of the night" is not to seek the way of governing the country and reassuring the people, but to "ask ghosts and gods"! What exactly is this pursuit of sages, and what does it mean to sages? Irony, meanness, deep feelings and no inhibition can not achieve this effect.
First, the classification of poetic images.
Image is the most basic and key element in poetry. Poetic imagery refers to the tangible objects or pictures that poets use to express their thoughts and feelings. It can be people, flowers, grass, insects, fish and other things. The college entrance examination mainly examines the recognition of image, the perception of its symbolic meaning, the grasp of its characteristics and the understanding of its social value.
Understanding and analyzing the images in poetry is the key to poetry appreciation. There are three kinds of images in poetry: ① The image of the hero in poetry. For example, The Book of Songs depicts the image of a pair of young lovers. Young men are passionate, simple and honest, while young women are beautiful and lively. Zhang Su, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, created an image of a leisurely fisherman who didn't have to go home in the drizzle. Through the description of the beautiful scenery of the mountain village, we also get a glimpse of the poet's recluse image. ③ Scenery and objects (images) described in the poem, such as lakes and mountains, rural Sang Ma, lonely city desert, etc. , are images in the poem. For example, Du Mu's "Walking in the Mountains" describes the scenery in the mountains, including mountain roads, people's homes, white clouds, red leaves and other scenery, which all constitute images, and