Linchuan, a native of Fuzhou in Song Dynasty, was an outstanding politician, thinker and writer in Northern Song Dynasty.
Scientist.
Wang Anshi was ambitious and knowledgeable. He traveled around with his father and officials and witnessed it.
This paper analyzes the social situation of "people living in poverty" in the Northern Song Dynasty from three aspects: philosophy, economy and education.
Ethics and other aspects, put forward a complete new ideological system-"Gong Jing".
"New learning" clearly shows their materialistic stance on the times.
The ideological circle has brought a new trend, which has had a great influence on China's academic thought.
It had a great influence and laid the foundation for Wang Anshi's political reform.
Ideological basis.
Wang Anshi took the Jinshi exam at the age of 22 and entered the official career in the past 30 years.
During his career as a local official, he built water conservancy, developed production, and partially implemented reforms.
Innovative measures of medical malpractice. 1059, he wrote the famous "On the Speech of Emperor Zongren"
Book, put forward the idea of comprehensive reform, and conceived the new law of Xining later.
Made a preliminary blueprint. 1069- 1076, Wang Anshi was a phase twice, in
On the basis of Gong Jing's new learning thought, he boldly put forward "God never shuts one door but he opens another".
The political thought of "ancestors lack the law, and people are not merciful."
In order to change the political situation in the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi ignored it.
The opposition and obstruction of the old forces initiated and led a movement of "managing money"
Focusing on "strengthening the army" and aiming at "enriching the country and strengthening the people" involves society.
The political, economic, military and cultural dimensions are enormous.
A powerful and magnificent movement for social change. History is called "Xining New Law". Wang Anshi
Therefore, Lenin praised him as a "1 1 century reformer in China".
In literature, Wang Anshi is not only unique in theory, but also
Unique in creative practice. His poems are thin and hard, straightforward, and his prose is reasonable.
He is strict in logic and sharp in writing, leaving more than 1540 poems for later generations.
More than 800 essays are rich in cultural heritage. In his poem "Sailing in Guazhou"
"Jiang Nanan spring breeze is green, when will the bright moon shine on me?" This is an eternal swan song.
The word "Gui Zhi Xiang Jin Mausoleum Nostalgia" is a famous poem. essay
Answering Sima's Suggestions and Youbaochan were selected as model essays to enter middle school.
Textbooks. Outstanding literary attainments are actually the backbone of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and there are still existing works.
He is the author of Linchuan Collection, Linchuan Collection and Zhouguan Xin Yi Collection.
Song Shuo and others.
Ji Zhang
Zhang Ji (768-830? ), the word Wenchang, originally from Wu Jun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), lives in Wujiang (now Wujiang Town, Anhui). In the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan, he was a scholar and served as the Taizu of Taichang Temple, the minister in charge of the Ministry of Water Affairs, so he was called "Zhang Shuilang" or "Zhang" in the world. Because of his poor family and serious eye diseases, Meng Jiao called him "the poor blind man Zhang Taizhu". As a student of Han Yu, most of his poems reflected the social contradictions and sufferings of people's livelihood at that time, and were praised by Bai Juyi, who was as famous as Wang Jian and was called "Zhang Wang".
Chen Huiying, female, German professor and doctoral supervisor of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
1934 June 15 was born in Shanghai, and his ancestral home is Wuxian, Jiangsu.
-1953 graduated from Zhi Min Primary School, Zhi Min Middle School and Zhenru Middle School.
1953- 1957 graduated from the german department of Beijing foreign studies university.
1957- 1959 teaches in the German Department of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
1959- 1963 Graduate student of Karl Marx University in Leipzig, former GDR.
1963- 1984 teaches in the German Department of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
1985- 1986 studied at the University of Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany.
1986- 1993 teaches in the German Department of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
1994- 1995 teaches at the sinology department of the university of heidelberg, federal Republic of Germany.
1995- Teaching in German Department of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
Publications in recent ten years;
1. International Dictionary of Sociologists (Volume II), edited by Wei Bernsdorf/Huo Northop. ) 1990 1 1, Renmin University of China Press, participated in some translation.
2. German syllabus for senior German majors in colleges and universities,1June, 1993, Peking University Publishing House, as the leader of the compilation group of the syllabus.
3. A Guide to Western Masterpieces (Literature II), published by the Commercial Press in June, 1995, translated thomas mann's Mario and the Magician.
4. The Commercial Press of Concise Hande Dictionary undertook the task of compiling 1/5.
5. Returning to Dresden to See the Green Dome-A Journey to the Elbe River, 1990, 1, Eastern European magazine, all.
6. 1990, in the advanced syllabus of German major in national universities and in the new major of "German as a Foreign Language", ranked 4th in the foreign language field, all of them.
Qi Jun, born in 19 18, is a female writer. Formerly known as Pan Xizhen. Zhejiang Yongjia people. 14 years old, studied in missionary middle school, and later graduated from the Chinese Department of Zhijiang University in Hangzhou, where he studied under the lyricist Xia. From 65438 to 0949, he went to Taiwan Province Province, worked in the Justice Department for 26 years, and served as a professor in institute of chinese studies, Taiwan Province Province and the Chinese Department of Central University. After settling in the United States. Qi Jun began her creative career by writing prose. His representative works include more than 30 kinds of essays, novels and children's literature works, including Smoke Sorrow, Spinning Lantern (won the literary creation award of Zhongshan Prize), Sleeping for three nights with a dream book as a pillow, Fragrant Flowers in Rain, Nose in Smoke and Rain, Reading and Life, A Thousand Miles with the Peak in January, Riding with Me, and Dreaming in the Next Year.
Reading Qi Jun's articles is like leafing through an old photo album. The yellowed photos all bear such heavy memories and homesickness. The time is in the first half of this century, and the place is in Jiangnan, where the author is haunted. Qi Jun is creating a statue for a lost era, and all the images are telling an old story in the same tone: warmth with a touch of sadness. With the great migration and division from 65438 to 0949, mainland writers who came to Taiwan Province across the ocean suffered from "paradise lost", and homesickness naturally became their main writing theme. Lin wrote about "the past south of the city" in old Beijing, while Hangzhou was full of "Sanqiu devils, miles of lotus flowers".
Readers who are familiar with Qi Jun's works will feel the weight of Qi Jun's mother in her works. Almost all Qi Jun's most touching articles are about her mother. It can be said that mother is Qi Jun's most important creative source. The image of mother created by Qi Jun is a typical good wife and mother in the old society, full of "mother's heart and Buddha's heart". -but this is not the focus of Qi Jun's article, but Qi Jun wrote about all kinds of misfortunes and grievances suffered by her mother because of her father's concubinage and the interruption of husband and wife's kindness. This is an unforgettable fragment written by Qi Jun. I think anyone who has read Qi Jun's famous "Bun" will never forget how the arrogant bun on Ermayina's head stung Qi Jun's mother's heart. Qi Jun stood up for her mother and erected a monument for her, faithfully recording how a bodhisattva-hearted woman silently suffered inhuman pain and humiliation after being emotionally abandoned by her husband. Of course, the story of Qi Jun's mother only happened in the family system of the old China society where men were superior to women.
List of Qi Jun's works
Narrative theory
The poet's boatman for seventy years, Pure Literature Publishing House;
1985, erya publishing house
essay
Fifty-one years by the stream, Women's Friends Monthly.
Xiao Pinmin, Sanmin Bookstore, Qi Jun in 55 years.
Fifty-eight years red gauze lantern man, Sanmin bookstore
Fifty-eight years of mourning for the people, Guangqi Publishing House;
Seventy years, erya publishing house.
Night dream book as a pillow for sixty-four years, erya publishing house.
Guihua Yumin sixty-five, Erya Publishing House.
It was raining in 66 years, Erya Publishing House.
Studying and living for 67 years, Dongda Bookstore.
"A Thousand Li Huai Ren" Feng Min sixty-seventh year, Erya Publishing House.
Sixty-eight years with me, Jiuge Publishing House.
Left to him, the dream will mark the sixty-nine years of the people, Hongfan Bookstore.
Mother's heart is like the sky in seventy years, Erya Publishing House.
Deng Jing's seventy-two years of old people's feelings, Hongfan Bookstore.
Water is the hometown of fragrant people. In 73, Jiuge Publishing House.
This is Xiantao people's seventy-four, Jiuge Publishing House.
Glass pen citizen in seventy-five, Jiuge Publishing House.
Qi Jun scholar 76 years, Jiuge Publishing House.
I love the animal man in seventy-seven miles, Hongfan Bookstore.
Blue lanterns have the flavor of childhood. 1977, published 9 songs.
(19931October, rearranged in the new edition)
Tears and Beads 78 people, Jiuge Publishing House.
Mother heart? In seventy-nine, Jiuge Publishing House.
(19931February, rearranged in the new edition)
Eighty years of love, erya publishing house
Mom, China Bank, 198 1 year, Jiuge Publishing House.
Wanshui Qian Shan Stone Friendship Man 84 years, Jiuge Publishing House.
Mom's bookkeeper is in eighty-five, Hongfan Bookstore.
Forever Lover' 87, Jiuge Publishing House.
Xiao Shuo
Sister Jing (short story) has been a women's magazine for forty-three years;
Seventy years, erya publishing house.
Tang Lili (short story) forty-seven years, Ming Kai Bookstore.
Eight hours (short stories) in fifty-seven years, Taiwan Province Commercial Press.
Sadness in July (Short Story) Sixty Years' Man, Jingsheng Cultural Relics Supply Company
Qiantang River (short story) 69 years, Erya Publishing House.
Oranges have been red for 80 years, Hongfan Bookstore.
Heji
Qin Xin (prose, novel) for forty-two years, Guofeng Publishing House;
1969, erya publishing house
Selected Works of Qi Jun (Words, Prose and Novels) 1964, Liming Culture Company.
Seventy-nine Chinese Literature and Love (Prose and Novel), Sanmin Bookstore.
Selected Prose of Qi Jun (in Chinese and English) 1989, Jiuge Publishing House.
Mom's gold watch is ninety years old, Jiuge Publishing House.
Cookie House in Dream, 9 1, Jiuge Publishing House.
child literature
Fifty-five years of selling cattle, Sanmin Bookstore
The Old Shoemaker and Dog People for 58 years, Taiwan Province Bookstore.
Qi Jun said childhood is seventy years, Pure Literature Publishing House.
Qi Jun sent young readers to the people for seventy-four years, Pure Literature Publishing House;
1985, Jianxing Culture Publishing Company.
Complaining about shoes (revised for young readers in Qi Jun), Jiuge Publishing House, 1993.
Bing Xin (1900 10 10-0/5-0/999 February 28), a China writer, was born in Changle, Fujian, and was originally named Xie Wanying.
Bing Xin's father Xie is a patriotic naval officer who participated in the Sino-Japanese War. Bing Xin's boyhood was spent in men's clothing, riding horses, shooting in waves, on ships and in military camps. The humiliating history of the Chinese nation being bullied by foreign powers even inspired her patriotism. 19 1 1 year Bing Xin entered the preparatory course of Fuzhou Women's Normal School. 19 14 studied at Beiman Girls' Middle School, a Beijing missionary school. During the May 4th Movement, she studied science at Concord Women's University and then transferred to the Department of Literature. She was selected as a student union document and devoted herself to the patriotic movement of students. During this period, she wrote novels such as When You Are Lonely and Poor, poems such as Stars, Autumn Water and the short story Superman. 192 1 participated in the literary research conference initiated by Mao Dun and Zheng Zhenduo, tried to practice the artistic purpose of "for life", and published a collection of novels Superman and a collection of poems Stars. 1923 after graduation, yenching university went to the United States to study English literature, specializing in literary research. He once wrote his travels and experiences in foreign countries as essays and sent them back to China for publication, and collected them as To Young Readers, which is China's early children's literature.
After returning to China from 65438 to 0926, Bing Xin taught in yenching university and Tsinghua University Women's College of Arts and Sciences. From 1929 to 1933, he wrote Fen, Return from the South, Dong Er Girl and so on. He also translated the Prophet by the Syrian writer Carol Ji Bolun. During the Anti-Japanese War, I wrote About Women under the pseudonym of "man" in Chongqing. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, he went to Japan. 1949- 195 1 teaches in the New China Literature Department of Tokyo University, giving lectures on the history of China's new literature. 195 1 After returning to China, I continued to devote myself to writing and actively participated in various social activities. He used to be honorary chairman of the Central Committee of China Association for the Promotion of Democracy, vice chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, honorary chairman and consultant of Chinese Writers Association, and honorary director of China Translators Association, and published works such as Selected Essays of Bing Xin's Novels, We Awaken Spring, and Ode to Cherry Blossoms.
Famous translation works include The Gardener's Collection, Gitanjali, Tagore's Plays, and The Prophet by Syrian writer Ji Bolun.
Respondent: dear 5 188- level 3 assistant 9- 15 20:04
Wang Anshi is loyal to his country. He is a prime minister and a poet, and everyone worships him.
Respondent: Liang Yuqing 369- probationary period level 1 9- 17 20:52
Wang Anshi (102 1- 1086) is a famous symbol festival, No.
Linchuan, a native of Fuzhou in Song Dynasty, was an outstanding politician, thinker and writer in Northern Song Dynasty.
Scientist.
Wang Anshi was ambitious and knowledgeable. He traveled around with his father and officials and witnessed it.
This paper analyzes the social situation of "people living in poverty" in the Northern Song Dynasty from three aspects: philosophy, economy and education.
Ethics and other aspects, put forward a complete new ideological system-"Gong Jing".
"New learning" clearly shows their materialistic stance on the times.
The ideological circle has brought a new trend, which has had a great influence on China's academic thought.
It had a great influence and laid the foundation for Wang Anshi's political reform.
Ideological basis.
Wang Anshi took the Jinshi exam at the age of 22 and entered the official career in the past 30 years.
During his career as a local official, he built water conservancy, developed production, and partially implemented reforms.
Innovative measures of medical malpractice. 1059, he wrote the famous "On the Speech of Emperor Zongren"
Book, put forward the idea of comprehensive reform, and conceived the new law of Xining later.
Made a preliminary blueprint. 1069- 1076, Wang Anshi was a phase twice, in
On the basis of Gong Jing's new learning thought, he boldly put forward "God never shuts one door but he opens another".
The political thought of "ancestors lack the law, and people are not merciful."
In order to change the political situation in the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi ignored it.
The opposition and obstruction of the old forces initiated and led a movement of "managing money"
Focusing on "strengthening the army" and aiming at "enriching the country and strengthening the people" involves society.
The political, economic, military and cultural dimensions are enormous.
A powerful and magnificent movement for social change. History is called "Xining New Law". Wang Anshi
Therefore, Lenin praised him as a "1 1 century reformer in China".
In literature, Wang Anshi is not only unique in theory, but also
Unique in creative practice. His poems are thin and hard, straightforward, and his prose is reasonable.
He is strict in logic and sharp in writing, leaving more than 1540 poems for later generations.
More than 800 essays are rich in cultural heritage. In his poem "Sailing in Guazhou"
"Jiang Nanan spring breeze is green, when will the bright moon shine on me?" This is an eternal swan song.
The word "Gui Zhi Xiang Jin Mausoleum Nostalgia" is a famous poem. essay
Answering Sima's Suggestions and Youbaochan were selected as model essays to enter middle school.
Textbooks. Outstanding literary attainments are actually the backbone of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and there are still existing works.
He is the author of Linchuan Collection, Linchuan Collection and Zhouguan Xin Yi Collection.
Song Shuo and others.
Interviewee: 5 10426273- trainee magician level 2 9- 17 20:53.
Zhang Ji (767? -830? ), a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Wenchang, originally from Wu Jun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), moved to Wujiang (now Wujiang Town, Anhui). In the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan, he was a scholar. Successively served as Taishou of Taichang Temple, assistant of imperial academy, secretary of Lang, doctor, minister of water affairs, and doctor of guest. He is an official of the company, so he is called Zhang Shuibu and Zhang in the world. Because of his poor family and serious eye diseases, Meng Jiao was nicknamed "Poor and Blind Zhang Taizhu". His understanding of the social function of literature is similar to Bai Juyi's. Make friends with Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Meng Jiao and Wang Jian. Poetry mostly reflects the social contradictions and sufferings of people's livelihood at that time, and Bai Juyi's emphasis is quite easy, just like Rainbow's sword, which is called "Zhang Wang". And Zhang's collection.
Zhang Ji's poetry creation can be roughly divided into three periods. The early stage is before the age of 40. 40-50 years old is the middle period, and his excellent Yuefu songs are mostly written in this period. Late stage after the age of 50. At this time, life gradually settled down. Besides writing Yuefu songs, I wrote more modern poems. His Yuefu Poems are as famous as Wang Jian's Yuefu Poems, also known as "Zhang Wang Yuefu". Poetry widely and profoundly reflects various social contradictions and sympathizes with people's sufferings, such as Xia Sai Qu and Conspiring Women's Complaints, and another kind depicts rural customs and life pictures, such as Lotus Picking Song and Jiangnan Qu. Zhang Ji's Yuefu poems have made great artistic achievements. He is good at summarizing the opposites of things, forming a strong contrast between several articles or articles, and is good at using sketching techniques to depict various characters in detail and truly. Its genre is mostly new Yuefu, which is a famous article about events, and sometimes it can borrow old topics to make new ones. The language is simple, simple and implicit, and it is often written in spoken language. He also deliberately refined the conclusion to achieve the effect of implicit criticism and irony. Zhang Ji's five laws are not decorative, but carved, concise, smooth and euphemistic, which has a great influence on the five laws in the late Tang Dynasty. Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House has Zhang Ji's poems.
Wang Anshi
( 102 1~ 1086)
Reformer, thinker and writer in Song Dynasty. The word Fu Jie, no, is Mid-Levels. Linchuan, Jiangxi (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi) is known as Mr Linchuan in the world. Li Qing was the fourth scholar in the second year (1042). Served as a local official for many years. Wang Anshi believes that the root of social poverty in Song Dynasty lies in merger. Therefore, Song Renzong and Zhao Zhen called for a comprehensive reform of the written law since the early Song Dynasty in the book "Wan Yan Shu" written in the third year of Jiayou (1058), so as to reverse the situation of poverty and weakness and immediately realize the reform of the written law. The feudal scholar-officials also placed high hopes on Wang Anshi and looked forward to his coming to power as soon as possible. Because he was deeply appreciated by Zongshen, in the second year of Xining (1069), Wang Anshi became a political counselor, and the next year he was promoted to prime minister, and began to vigorously promote political reform and reform. Wang Anshi clearly put forward that financial management is the prime minister's first priority, explained the relationship between political affairs and financial management, and thought that only on the basis of developing production can the national financial problems be solved well. After Wang Anshi took office, he continued to play this view. In the reform, he took the development of production as the top priority and put it in the first place. Although Wang Anshi emphasized the leading role of state power in the reform, he disapproved of excessive state intervention in social production and economic life, opposed excessive patent collection, and put forward and adhered to the proposition and practice of "not too much monopoly law". Under the guidance of Wang Anshi's above thoughts, the reformists formulated and implemented a series of new laws, from agriculture to handicrafts and commerce, and from rural areas to cities, and launched a wide range of social reforms. At the same time, the reformists headed by Wang Anshi reformed the military system, improved the quality and combat effectiveness of the army, and strengthened control over the vast rural areas; In order to cultivate more talents needed by society, the imperial examination and school education system have also been reformed. The political reform violated the interests of the big landlords and bureaucrats, and Empress Dowager Cixi, royalty and conservative scholar-officials joined forces to oppose the political reform. So Wang Anshi and Ning JaeHee went on strike for the first time in seven years. See you next year. Wang Anshi can't get more support after the resumption of the phase and can't carry out reform. In the ninth year, Yu Xining resigned as prime minister for the second time and has lived in jiangning house ever since. In the first year of Yuan You, Song Zhezong (1086), conservatives came to power, and all previous new laws were abolished. Wang Anshi died of depression soon.
In philosophy, Wang Anshi inherited and carried forward some thoughts of Laozi, which is a traditional and simple dialectical thought. Biography of Hong Fan and Notes on Laozi are his major works in this field, and the latter has been lost. His articles are famous for their comments and are listed as the Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. In terms of poetry, he wrote many poems reflecting social reality in his early years. There are two books handed down, one is Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan and the other is Collected Documents of Wang Wen, both of which are mixed with other people's works. Wang Anshi used to be named Shu and Jing, and later he was called Wang or Wang Wengong.