Visit Shanxi Village
Name
Name: Tour Shanxi Village
Author
Author: Lu You
p>Introduction
Title About the author
Lu You
(1125-1210), with the courtesy name Wu Guan and the nickname Fang Weng. A native of Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). A famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He once served as judge of Jiankang. He is the author of "Jiannan Poetry Manuscript", "Weinan Collected Works", "Southern Tang Book", "Laoxue'an Notes", etc. There is one volume of "Fang Weng Ci" and two volumes of "Weinan Ci". "Complete Song Ci" contains more than 140 poems.
Topic
Subject words or keywords: Poetry
Genre: Poetry
Era: Southern Song Dynasty Content introduction
Original text
Original text
Title Visit Shanxi Village
Visit Shanxi Village
Lu You
Mo Xiao Nongjiala The wine is muddy ①, and the chickens and dolphins are enough to stay in good years ②.
There is no way out despite the mountains and rivers ③, and there is another village with dark flowers and bright flowers ④.
The flutes and drums follow the Spring Society ⑤, and the simple and ancient style of clothing remains ⑥.
From now on, if I am allowed to take advantage of the moon, I will knock on the door at night with my stick.
Translation
Translation
Title Translation
Translation
Don’t laugh at the farmer’s wine, it’s a good harvest year There are plenty of delicacies to entertain the guests.
There are mountains and rivers, and there is no way out. Suddenly, the willows are dark green, the flowers are bright, and a village appears in front of you.
You play the flute, I beat the drum, we form a team to celebrate, the Chunshe Festival is approaching, commoners wear plain hats, and the simple ancient customs are still preserved.
From today on, if you are allowed to travel by moonlight, I, a white-haired old man, will also enjoy the night, leaning on a cane and knocking on the firewood door.
Notes
Notes
Title Notes
〔Notes〕
①: wax wine: the first year Wine brewed in the twelfth lunar month.
②: Tún: It means preparing sumptuous dishes. Pig, piglet, refers to pork in the poem.
③: mountains and rivers: mountains and rivers.
④: The willows are dark and the flowers are bright: The green willows are lush and the shade is thick, and the flowers are delicate and bright.
⑤: Flute and drum: play the flute and drum. Spring Society: In ancient times, the day after the beginning of spring to worship the earth god was called Spring Society Day.
⑥: Ancient customs: retaining the simple ancient customs.
⑦: Ruoxu: If so. Take advantage of the moon: Come by the moonlight when you have free time.
⑧: No time: any time. Knock (kòu): knock on the door.
Lu You was a great patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He worked diligently throughout his life and produced an astonishing number of poems. According to his own words: "Ten thousand poems were written in sixty years." The "Jiannan Poetry Draft" that has been handed down to this day still contains more than 9,300 poems, ranking first among the poets of the two Song Dynasties. The main content of these unique poems is as Mr. Qian Zhongshu said in "Selected Poems of the Song Dynasty": "On the one hand, they are full of grief and anger, and they want to avenge the country, restore the lost territory, and liberate the fallen people; Leisurely and delicately, it tastes the profound taste of daily life and embodies the twists and turns of the current scenery. "The content described in this song "Visiting Shanxi Village" belongs to the latter.
This unique poem was written in the early spring of the third year of Qiandao reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Song Dynasty (1167). At that time, Lu You was resigning from office and living at home. A year ago, Lu You actively supported the anti-Jin general Zhang Jun's Northern Expedition in the second year of Longxing (1164). After Fuli's defeat, he was also ostracized and attacked by the central government and the surrender faction. He "strongly persuaded Zhang Jun to use troops". For the crime, he was dismissed from his post in Longxing Mansion (now Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province) and returned home. Lu You's mood when he returned to his hometown was quite complicated, with depression and anger intertwined, but he was not disheartened. The patriotic sentiment of "Heart of generosity is strong" ("Hearing the Rain") made him feel hope and light in rural life, and he poured this feeling into his poetry creation.
This poem is titled "Visiting Shanxi Village". According to the second note of the poem "Youqi" in Volume 32 of "Jiannan Poetry Manuscript", it says: "In the second year of Qiandao (the second year of Qiandao), Bingxu began to divination in the mirror. "Three Mountains in the Lake." This place is a typical small water town in the south of the Yangtze River, about nine miles south of Shaoxing, and its name is Xicun. Here, the beautiful environment with beautiful mountains and clear waters has certainly aroused the interest of poets, and the excellent ancient poems describing pastoral life have also cultivated the poet's soul. Tao Yuanming, who is famous for creating the pastoral poetry school, described the real scenes and events in the poem "Returning to the Pastoral" which inspired the poet. Meng Haoran, a poet in the Tang Dynasty who was good at singing landscapes and pastoral poems, wrote his famous work "Passing Through My Old Friend's Village", which brought the poet a feeling of tranquility and simplicity. These are all useful nutrients that Lu You drew from his poetry creation. Let us first read "Passing Through My Old Friend's Village":
My old friend brought chicken and millet and invited me to Tian's house. The green trees border the village, and the green mountains and hills slope outside. Open a pavilion to enjoy the scene, drink and talk about mulberry and hemp. When the Double Ninth Festival comes, there will be chrysanthemums.
The themes of Meng Haoran's "Visiting an Old Friend's Village" and Lu You's "Visiting Shanxi Village" both describe rural scenery, but their artistic conceptions are different. The former mainly writes about the immediate scene of "inviting me to Tian's house", while the latter focuses on what he saw and heard when visiting the village.
Therefore, when we appreciate Lu You's poem, we must stick closely to the word "you" in the title of the poem, so as to grasp the context of the poem and appreciate the poet's unique artistic ingenuity.
Fang Dongshu of the Qing Dynasty said in Volume 20 of "Zhao Mei Zhan Yan" that Lu You's seven-line poem "starts with a visit to the village. Xu talks about the tranquility of the land and the beauty of the customs, and is willing to make frequent appointments." . Judging from the structure of the poem, this is realistic. The poet uses concise brushwork, and the whole article is centered around the word "游". Not only does he write clearly, but he also outlines a brightly colored picture of the rural scenery in the south of the Yangtze River.
"Don't laugh at the farmers' wine, which is thick with wax and wine. During the good years, visitors can eat chickens and dolphins (tún)." At first glance, it seems plain, just like "an old friend invited me to Tian's house." It seems to be an ordinary note, effortless. However, the poet starts the sentence here and writes that he suddenly came to the farmhouse while traveling in the village. The host warmly entertained the guests, exaggerating the joyful atmosphere of the farmhouse after the harvest, and paving the way for the following lyrical description of the trip. "Lajiu" refers to the rice wine brewed in the twelfth lunar month (the twelfth month of the lunar calendar). This is a gratifying scene after a good rice harvest. When you drink wax wine after the beginning of spring, it may look a bit turbid, but it is as mellow as famous wine. What's more, the owner of the farmhouse is so hospitable to guests and prepares sumptuous delicacies! Dolphin refers to a piglet, and here "chicken-footed dolphin" refers to the extremely sumptuous dishes served by farmers.
"There is no way out despite the mountains and rivers, but there is another village with dark flowers and bright flowers." This is a well-known line. Its beauty lies not only in its ability to describe difficult scenes and its craftsmanship in contrasting words, but also in its ability to "turn ordinary words into strange words", making its words natural, philosophical and enjoyable to chew on. Incorporating this kind of natural scene into poetry has long been described by poets of the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Wei's "Shimen Jingshe in Lantian Mountain": "I love the beautiful clouds and trees in the distance, but at first I doubt that the road is different; An Zhiqing changes, and suddenly "Connected to the front mountain." In the hands of poets of the Song Dynasty, they also described it, such as Wang Anshi's "On the River": "The green mountains are surrounded by no way, and suddenly thousands of sails are reflected." There is also Qiang Yanwen, a poet close to Lu You in his era. His poems have the style of the Tang Dynasty. He once wrote the poem "When I first saw the distant mountains, I doubted the road, but the winding path slowly led to villages." ① But in terms of the development of artistic conception, it can be said that these poems are far inferior to Lu You. The first sentence of this couplet uses the word "suspicious" to vividly portray the feeling of being lost in Xuhang Mountain Village with overlapping mountains and lingering water. The beautiful spring scenery is vividly depicted. In this way, the sensory image and the visual image are organically combined to form a beautiful, moving and wonderful picture. "Poetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties" commented on these two sentences: "It is like a projectile being thrown out of the hand, and it is not only good at writing difficult scenes." This evaluation is insightful. Not only is this couplet written extremely naturally, but the language is simple and familiar, and the meaning is rich; it seems that it comes at your fingertips, but it is unexpected. Therefore, it has been widely loved by people for thousands of years, and now it has become a widely circulated idiom. When people recite these two poems, they not only appreciate the indescribable and wonderful natural scenery of the mountain village, but also understand the inspiration of the philosophical thoughts contained in it - as long as people face reality and face many difficulties and obstacles, they will not If you retreat, don’t be afraid, have the courage to explore, and move forward vigorously, then there will be a new realm full of light and hope ahead.
"The flute and drum follow the spring society, and the simple and ancient style of clothing remains." The poem shifts from description of scenery to lyricism, and from the scenery outside the village to the feelings inside the village. "Spring Society" is a custom in ancient my country. Chen Yuanliang's "Sui Shi Guang Ji" of the Southern Song Dynasty states that "the fifth day after the beginning of spring is the Spring Society". That is, the fifth Wu day of spring is Chun She Day. When this day comes, the village is filled with the sound of flutes and drums, filling the sky with a cheerful festive atmosphere. Villagers also offer sacrifices to the land god to pray for a good harvest. This simple ancient custom was still very popular in the rural areas of Jiangnan at that time. The poem not only reflects the farmers' desire for a good harvest, but also expresses the poet's sincere feelings for rural life.
"From now on, if I am allowed to take advantage of the moon, I will knock on doors all the time and night with my stick." This is the summary of the whole poem and the expression of the mood of wandering in the mountain village. How do you feel about visiting the village? The charming scenery of the mountain village and the simplicity and beauty of the village customs left a beautiful and unforgettable impression on the poet. What happens next? The poem ends with the feeling of frequent night excursions, with an endless aftertaste. If the end of Meng Haoran's poem: "On the Double Ninth Day, I will come back to see the chrysanthemums" is very straightforward, then the end of Lu You's poem is more tactful. The poet's intention is that if there is a chance to take advantage of the moonlit night in the future, If I go out for a leisurely stroll, I will come to knock on the door at any time with a cane and talk. This conclusion clarifies the theme of the poem "Village to the Village", and "knocking on the door at night" echoes the first sentence "farmhouse", which not only makes the picture complete, but also makes it more thought-provoking.
This poem describes the daily life in rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River. The subject matter is relatively ordinary, but the difference is that the idea is novel and the technique is drawn in outline, without using rhetoric, and it becomes interesting naturally. The poet closely adheres to the word "tour" in the title of the poem, but does not describe the process of visiting the village in detail. Instead, he cuts out fragments of the village tour and reflects it through the level of characterization in each couplet. The first part is about the poet traveling to the farmhouse, the second part is about the scenery outside the village, the second part is about the things in the village, and the last part is about frequent night excursions. Although the writings have different emphases, they are based on village tours and harmoniously integrate the beautiful natural scenery of mountain villages and simple villagers' customs into a complete picture, forming a beautiful artistic conception and a tranquil and meaningful style. This can be said to have inherited the "plain and thoughtful" characteristics of Meng Haoran's poetry and developed forward.
(Cao Jiping)